The developmentof the

Initial IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships

"We stand here at one of the most historic moments in IMO"IMO Secretary General - Kitack Lim

"A major step forward in global action to combat climate Change "UN Secretary General - António Guterres

The IMO mandate onGHG emissions

estblished through the 1997 MARPOL

Conference Resolution 8 on “CO2 emissions

from ships”Sept 1997

1997 2003 2004 2011 2013 2015 2018

Resolution A.963(23)"IMO Policies and

Practices related to the Reduction of

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships"

Dec 2003

Amendments to MARPOL Annex VI – to include requirementson energy efficiency

-Adopted through a

vote

July 2011 (MEPC 62)

Tony De Brum (MI):Proposal to establish a

GHG emission reduction target for

international shipping consistent with keeping global

warming below 1.5°C

MEPC 68 May 2015

IMO Strategy onReduction of GHG

emissions from ships –Adopted

April 2018 (MEPC 72)

Norway proposes to establish an emission

target for internationalshipping

March 2004 (MEPC 51)

MARPOL requirements onenergy efficiencyenters into force

January 2013

20172016

Roadmap for developing an

IMO Strategy onGHG emissions

reduction -agreed

MEPC 70 (Oct2016)

Amendments to MARPOL AnnexVI adopted – the data collection

system for fuel oil consumption of

ships

MEPC 70 (Oct2016)

Amendmentsto MARPOL Annex VI –

the data collection system for

fuel oil consumption

of shipsentered into

forceMarch 2018

Important IMOAchievements

on Climate Change

Preparations – Developing a PlanHow to achieve theimpossible?

An emission target…..… In line with the 1.5oC temperature target

To be included in, butnot associated with theHigh Ambition Group

To ensure allocation ofsufficient time to considerthe emission target issue

Not to be a part of thepolarization.

Use knowledge onmethod of work

To get China on board

Submit a proposalco-sponsored by the US

MEPC 68 May 2015 MEPC 69 March 2016 MEPC 70 Oct 2016

Ch

alle

nge

Act

ion

Ou

tco

me • Finalization of the Data collection

System• The issue raised by the MI could be

further addressed at a futuresession – move forward cautiously

Agreed to establish a WG under this item at MEPC 70, with a view to an in-depthdiscussion on how to progress the matter

Roadmap for developing a comprehensive IMO Strategy onReduction of GHG Emissions from Ships

….should include discussions on levels ofambition and guiding principles for thestrategy…

The Plan - Groundwork

• Could not afford to fail• Risks for failure, were more upfront than chances for success. Risks included:

• Chaotic process and mixed cultures - Chaotic outcome• Delay - because of the combination of too many red lines• Meaningless strategy – because that would be the sum of acceptance• A strategy not accepted by EU or SIDS or Latins or China or large Flags or

the public in general.

ISWG 2 – Oct 2017ISWG-GHG 1 – June 2017 ISWG 3 – April 2018MEPC 71 – WG-GHG July 2017 MEPC 72 – WG-GHG April 2018

Act

ion

Ris

ks

• Needed to be Chair for the negotiations

• Needed to develop a plan for the total process

Key

acti

on

sin

th

ep

roce

ss • Build trust!• Lack of dealmakers in the group forced active

lead by the Chair• Careful consideration of order of discussions• Do not lead into dead-ends• Who to play on?• Develop a product – not a problem• No square brackets – No multi-optional text• Establish a solid plattform prior to the firm push• Create a good hand for the final round

The Committee noted the outline….

[INITIAL IMO STRATEGY ON REDUCTION OF GHG EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS

CONTENTS

1 PREAMBLE/INTRODUCTION/CONTEXT/OBJECTIVES INCLUDING EMISSION SCENARIOS

2 VISION

3 LEVELS OF AMBITIONGUIDING PRINCIPLES

4 LIST OF CANDIDATE SHORT-, MID- AND LONG-TERM FURTHER MEASURES WITH POSSIBLE TIMELINES AND THEIR IMPACTS ON STATES

5 BARRIERS AND SUPPORTIVE MEASURES; CAPACITY BUILDING AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION; R&D

6 FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REVISED STRATEGY

7 PERIODIC REVIEW OF THE STRATEGY]

Outcome of MEPC 71 Outcome of MEPC 72

Key Challenges"Vision – levels of ambition – guiding principles"

Meaningful strategy – vs – meaningless strategy

Ambition:High Ambition – vs – No Ambition

Efficiency only! – vs – efficiency for the ship and efficiency for the sector and reducuction of total emissions

Numbers – vs – No numbers

Principles:Differentiation – vs – No differentiation

Norwegian IMO-document:

The final Outcome

• Chair's paper as the base• 3 days – not 2 weeks!• Strategic planning• Rescue plan on Friday morning

J-paper!• How to conclude

ISWG 3 – April 2018 MEPC 72 – WG-GHG April 2018

• A clean text!• "The Committee is invited to approve the report in

general and, in particular, to:.1 …..note….;.2 …..note….;.3 forward to the Working Group on Reduction of GHG emissions from ships the consolidated draft text set out in annex 1, noting that further work was required for finalization, with a view to adoption (paragraph 47, annex 1)."

Key

acti

on

sin

th

ep

roce

ss

Seve

rald

ocu

me

nts

sub

mit

ed–

all c

olo

urs

!

• Review the easiest text first• Final element "Vision – levels of ambition – guiding principles• Informal talks did not succeed• Final text from the Chair – tested on some• Take it or leave it• Plenary – needed to land safely

The GHG Strategy was agreed on Friday 13 April!

• Massive support• Reservations by the US and Saudi Arabia

Important elements of the Strategy

.1 carbon intensity of the ship to decline

through implementation of further

phases of the energy efficiency design index

(EEDI) for new ships

to review with the aim to strengthen the energy

efficiency design requirements for ships with the

percentage improvement for each phase to be

determined for each ship type, as appropriate;

.2 carbon intensity of international shipping to

decline

to reduce CO2 emissions per transport work, as

an average across international shipping, by at

least 40% by 2030, pursuing efforts towards 70%

by 2050, compared to 2008; and

.3 GHG emissions from international shipping

to peak and decline

to peak GHG emissions from international

shipping as soon as possible and to reduce the

total annual GHG emissions by at least 50% by

2050 compared to 2008 whilst pursuing efforts

towards phasing them out as called for in the

Vision as a point on a pathway of CO2 emissions

reduction consistent with the Paris Agreement temperature goals.

Extract from the Ambition Early Action Follow-up4.1 Candidate measures set out in this Initial

Strategy should be consistent with the following

timelines:

.1 possible short-term measures could be

measures finalized and agreed by the Committee

between 2018 and 2023. Dates of entry into force

and when the measure can effectively start to

reduce GHG emissions would be defined for each

measure individually;

.2 possible mid-term measures could be measures

finalized and agreed by the Committee between

2023 and 2030. Dates of entry into force and when

the measure can effectively start to reduce GHG

emissions would be defined for each measure

individually; and

.3 possible long-term measures could be measures

finalized and agreed by the Committee beyond

2030. Dates of entry into force and when the

measure can effectively start to reduce GHG

emissions would be defined for each measureindividually.

6.1 A programme of follow-up actions of the Initial Strategy should be developed.

Agreed to hold an intersessionalwith t.o.r to develop a

programme of follow-up actions

Vision: IMO remains committed to reducing GHG emissions from international shipping and, as a matter of urgency, aims to phase them out as soon as possible in this century.

…… now it is just the follow-up

Two main processes in the follow-up

• The process towards the revisedstrategy in 2023

• Data Collection

• Fourth IMO GHG Study

• Developing the revised IMO GHG strategy

• Embark in to the five year review

• Development of measures for emission reductions

• Develop a programme of follow-up actions

• Develop the measures(to be agreed)

A pathway towards green international shippingRequires action three pilar action

National spearhead

policies–

to introduce low/zero emission

technologiesand fuels

Development ofthe

internationallegal framework

–to ensure need

emissionreductions from

internationalshipping

Technical Co-operation

–

to ensure therequired

progress at theIMO and full

implementation

Thank you for your attention!