The Deep Roots

of the Two World

Wars WWI

WWII

The Mixed Ethnicities of Europe

• Ethnic groups aren’t neatly organized in Europe (or anywhere else)– There have been numerous

migrations of people into and around Europe at various times in history

• Thus groups of people are mixed together – Examples

• Balkans • Sudetenland

A Noteworthy Ethnic Group- the Jews of Europe

• Ejected from Israel by the Romans in the 1st century AD • Diaspora• Unwanted – pushed around Europe

– Many countries accepted them, then booted them out, accepted them again

– Example: Spanish ejection of the Moors and Jews in the same year Columbus sailed

• Jewish ‘apartness’– Religious beliefs– culture– ‘Killers’ of Christ– Model minority

• Money lenders– Why?– Why did this lead to persecution?

• Devotion to education– Why?– Why leads to persecution?

Jews of Europe (cont.)

• (model minority, cont.)• Devotion to education

– Why?– Why leads to

persecution?

• A Long History of Persecution– Pogroms

• Black death• Ghettoes in many

places until Napoleon

• Until about 300 years ago, most of Europe was divided by political ruler, not ethnicity – Subjects versus citizen– Political groups were heterogeneous ethnically – Habsburg example

• Germans, Slavs (eastern Europe/Russia), and Gauls (French) were some of the largest ethnic groups

• For 1000 yrs after the fall of the Roman Empire, the German ethnic group was divided into 300 weak states– The Holy Roman Empire

• Central goal of many in Europe (for example, the French) was to keep Germany divided into these 300 states – Why?

Kingdoms Versus Nations

The Rise of Nationalism

• Age of Nationalism– Started in 19th century – Political entities should be defined by ethnic group

• Nationalism upset the European balance of power– Germany unified under Bismarck– Prussian Leadership

• Sparta of the North• Militaristic

– Germany is now the largest nation on the continent

The German Behemoth

• Germany leapt into the Industrial Revolution– Quickly became 2nd or 3rd ish behind Britain/U.S.– German nationalism peaked

• Deutschland uber alles• Bitter legacy of manipulation from the outside

– Thirty Years’ War, Napoleon, etc.

• Bitterness of having missed out mostly in imperial land grab in Africa/Asia

– Ironically, the Jewish situation wasn’t bad (relatively) in 19th century Germany

Germany, Germany above all,Above all in the world,When, for protection and defense, it alwaystakes a brotherly stand together.From the Meuse to the Memel,From the Adige to the Belt,Germany, Germany above everything,  Above everything in the world.

Social Darwinism’s Impact on Nationalism in the 19th Century

• Darwin’s ideas

VS

Survival of the Fittest among animal species

Yay! Boo!

Do we cry for this guy?

1870 Franco-Prussian War

• Germany defeated its old nemesis, France

• Starvation and shelling of Paris• Humiliating treaty (for France)• Afterwards Bismarck's goal was to

keep France isolated– He knew they want revenge

• Bismarck fired by Wilhelm II• Wilhelm II = dunderhead

– Allowed France to make alliances with Russia and Britain

– Messed with British dominance• Guarantees Germans “A Place in the sun”• Naval arms race

In 1914 WWI erupted

• Result of M.A.I.N.– Militarism

• Arms race of new industrial-age weapons– Alliance

• Any outbreak could cascade into a giant war – Imperialism

• Struggle for the best colonies– Nationalism

• Intense patriotism • Social Darwinism

• New kind of war– total war– stalemate

• Germans attack first

Hansen Name _____________WWII Per ______

Lecture #2 - Deep Roots of the Two World Wars Note-taking Guide

The Mixed Ethnicities of Europe– Ethnic groups aren’t ____________________________

_____________________________________________• There have been _______________________ of

people into and around Europe at various times in history

– Thus groups of people are mixed together • Examples

– ___________– Sudetenland

A Noteworthy Ethnic Group- the Jews of Europe – Ejected from Israel by the _______ in the ___century AD – Diaspora- _____________________________________– Unwanted – pushed around Europe

• Many countries ______________, then _____________, __________________ again

• Example: Spanish ejection of the Moors and Jews in the same year Columbus sailed

– Jewish ‘apartness’• __________________• __________________• __________________• Model minority

– Money lenders» Why?_____________________

__________________________ ___________________________

» Why did this lead to persecution? ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________

– Devotion to education» Why? _____________________

__________________________» Why leads to persecution? ____

___________________________ ___________________________

– A Long History of Persecution• Pogroms - __________________________

– Black death - _________________________ ____________________________________

• Ghettoes in many places until _______________

Kingdoms versus Nations – Until about 300 years ago, most of Europe was divided by

_____________________________________________ • Subjects versus citizen - ____________________

________________________________________ ________________________________________

• Political groups were heterogeneous ethnically • Habsburg example

– _____________, __________(eastern Europe/Russia), and __________(French) were some of the largest ethnic groups

– For 1000 yrs after the fall of the Roman Empire, the German ethnic group was __________________________

• The Holy ___________ Empire– Central goal of many in Europe (for example, __________)

was to keep Germany _____________________________ • Why?- ___________________________________

_________________________________________

The Rise of Nationalism – Age of Nationalism

• Started in _______________• Political entities should be defined _____________

– Nationalism upset the European _____________________• Germany unified under Bismarck• _____________________________

– Sparta of the North– Militaristic

• Germany is now the _________________on the continent

The Rise of Nationalism – Germany leapt into the Industrial Revolution

• Quickly became ____________________ behind ____________________________

• German nationalism peaked– Deutschland uber alles - ________

_____________________________– Bitter legacy of __________________

from the outside» Thirty Years’ War, Napoleon,

etc. – Bitterness of having missed out

mostly __________________ ___________________in Africa/Asia

• Ironically, the Jewish situation wasn’t bad (relatively) in 19th century Germany

Social Darwinism’s Impact on Nationalism in the 19th Century

– Darwin’s ideas _____________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________

– Impact on Nationalism and minority groups? _____ _________________________________________ _________________________________________

1870 Franco-Prussian War • Germany defeated its old nemesis, ___________• Starvation and shelling _______________• _____________________ treaty (for France)• Afterwards Bismarck's goal was to keep France ________

– He knew they wanted _______________• Bismarck fired by Wilhelm II• Wilhelm II = _________________

– Allowed France to make alliances with _________ ________________________________________

– Messed with British dominance• Guarantees Germans “A Place in the sun” -

___________________________________ ___________________________________

• Naval arms race - ____________________ ___________________________________

In 1914 WWI Erupted – Result of M.A.I.N.

• Militarism – ____________________________

____________________________• Alliance

– Any outbreak could ____________ ____________________________

• Imperialism– Struggle for the best ___________

• Nationalism– Intense _________________ – Social Darwinism

– New kind of war• total war- ____________________________

____________________________________• Stalemate- ___________________________

_____________________________________– Germans ________________