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The copper metabolism of cities:Insights into Vienna and Taipei
Ulrich KRALChih-Yi LIN
Hwong-wen MA Paul H. BRUNNER
25th June 2013, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea7th International Conference of the International Society for Industrial Ecology
Austrian Science Fund (FWF): I 549-N21
2/15
Motivation
Cities arehotspots of material turnover,
THUS
we need more attention on:
a) substance flows and stocks on urban scaleb) city comparisons of flows and stocks
3/15
Joint research
National Taiwan UniversityGraduate Institute of Environmental Engineering(Taiwan)
Vienna University of TechnologyInstitute for Water Quality, Resources and Waste Management(Austria)
4/15
Goal
Comparingthe anthropogenic copper metabolism
of Vienna and Taipei
Vienna
Taipei
5/15
Opening the black box
TaipeiVienna SFA
16 processes41 flows, 6 stocks105 input parameters
6/15
Opening the black box…
…to show the Cu turnover
Vienna Taipei
…and much more.Flows: g Cu/cap.yrStocks: g Cu/cap
7/15
52%
22%
26%
Import into the city
Vienna Taipei
12 kg Cuper cap.yr
11 kg Cuper cap.yr
Use phaseUse phase
Cu containinggoods. E.g.
(Sheet metal, Wires, Cables, Pipes, etc.)
Electrical & electronic appliances
Vehicles
31%
14%39%
16%
Construction material for buildings
Electricitygrid
Household commodities& cars
IndustrialEquipment
8/15
Stocks and changes in stocks
180
300
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Vienna Taipei
kg Cu/cap.yr
Begin of 2008End of 2008
+ 2% p.a.
+ 26% p.a.
9/15
Non-point versus point emissions
Non-point sources Point sources
~14 g Cu/cap.yr
~5 g Cu/cap.yr
53%
12%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Vienna
Taipei
non‐point emissions point emissions
Surface runoff makes the difference.
Surface runoff
10/15
Flows into environmental sinks
g Cu/cap.yr
Legal standards are in force.
Legal standards are NOT in force.
11/15
Removal efficiency…
…of waste water system.
Taipei
Overflow0%
Effluents22%
Surface runoff4%
Sewage sludge74%
ViennaOverflow
18%
Effluents8%
Surface runoff9%
Sewage sludge65%
100%
Inpu
t to
was
te w
ater
sys
tem
(13
g C
u/ca
p.yr
)
100%
(5 g
Cu/
cap.
yr)
Landfill
Receiving water
Landfill
12/15
Flows into anthropogenic sinkskg Cu/cap.yr
Recovering potential
Factor 12
13/15
Cu content in bottom ash
Vienna Taipei
660 g Cuper cap.yr
60 g Cuper cap.yr
Construction sectorLandfill
Bottom ash
MSWI
14/15
4 key messages
• Distinct urban profiles are found in the dynamics of Cu stocks.
• Non-point Cu sources require more attention by urban governance.
• To avoid environmental overloads, end-of-pipe technologies are
prerequisite to remove Cu from waste streams and store it in
sanitary landfills.
• Much Cu is recycled, but there are still recovery potentials available.
15/15http://www.21stcentech.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/population-growth-of-cities.png
Worldwide city benchmarking requiresglobal methodology and local knowledge.