The Cold War Lesson Plan

7/29/2019 The Cold War Lesson Plan

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The Cold War

Ch. 26


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Cold War: The era of confrontation and competition between the U.S. and

Soviet Union that lasted from 1946-1990.

Soviets wanted: Thought that communism was superior to capitalism.

Communism should be spread.

Guard against capitalism.

U.S. Wanted: Democratic government with

protection for rights.

Free enterprise with private

ownership of property.

Limited government involvement in

the economy.


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Iron Curtain: The political and social

barrier that isolated East Europe from

West Europe.

At the Yalta conference, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed to divide

Germany in to fourth zones. England, U.S., Soviet Union, and France would all

control one zone. Berlin would also be divided.

Tensions rose when the U.S. and

Soviet Union could not agree on

how democratic Poland would be.


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Marshall Plan: Gave European nations American aid to rebuild their economies.

Containment: Keeping communism within its present territory though the use of

military, economic, and diplomatic actions.

Truman Doctrine: Its goal/vow was to aid free peoples who are resisting attempted

subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.

Its effect: In the long run, it pledged the U.S. to fighting communism worldwide.


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West Germany was founded in early 1948 when the U.S. France, and England merged

their occupation zones together.

Its official name was the Federal Republic of Germany.

Its birth convinced the Soviets they would not get the reparations they wanted.

In late June 1948, Soviet troops cut all road and rail traffic to West Berlin. Theblockade provoked a crisis.


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Berlin Airlift

The challenge was to keep West Berlin alive without provoking war with the Soviets.

For 11 months, cargo planes supplied Berliners with food, medicine, and coal.


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NATO: (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) The mutual defense alliance between

West Europe and the U.S. NATO members agreed to come to the aid of any member

who was attacked.

Warsaw Pact: The Soviet response to NATO,

which was a military alliance in Eastern Europe.


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To prevent a Communist revolution in China , the U.S. sent 2 billion in aid to

Chinas nationalist government. It squandered this aid and by 1949, Chinahad fallen to the Communists.


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The Korean War

After World War Two ended, the Allies and the Soviet Union formed North

and South Korea on the Korean Peninsula.

On June 25, 1950, North Korean troops attacked South Korea and rapidly

drove back the South Korean forces.


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FYI: American forces were ordered into battle. American and South Korean forces

were pushed back to a small pocket of territory.

The war turned when MacArthur invaded the port of Inchon behind enemy lines

In November of 1950, the Chinese joined North Korea.

Limited War: A war fought to achieve a limited objective, such as containing

communism.

The war settled into a stalemate, and then a draw.
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Subversion: Is the effort to secretly weaken a society and overthrow its government.

HUAC: Formed n 1938 to investigate Fascistsand Communists in America. It was a small

organization until FBI Director Hoover

catapulted it to prominence.


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Rosenbergs: A New York couple who were

members of the Communist Party. The

government charged them with heading a Soviet

spy ring. They were executed.


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During the Army-McCarthy hears, millions of Americans watched him bully

witnesses. His popular support started to fade. When he tried to strike at the

defense lawyer, Welch, exploded at McCarthy. McCarthy lost the power to arose

fear.

Censure: Formal disapproval.


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American life and government was

dominated by a fear of communism and of

nuclear war.

Fallout: Radiation left from an atomic

blast.

Fallout shelter: Shelters built in the

backyard stocked with food. Americanswould live in them to survive a nuclear

war.


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Eisenhower was elected because Americas were looking for someone they could trust

to lead the nation in its Cold War struggle against communism.

Massive

Retaliation:

To threatenthe use of a

nuclear

weapons if a

Communist

state tried

to seizeterritory by

force.


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Brinkmanship- the willingness to got to the brink of war to force the other side to bck

down.

The threat of nuclear war seemed to work forKorea. In July 1953, negotiators signed an

armistice. North and South Korea set up a

demilitarized zone. American troops are still in

South Korea.


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CIA: Established by Eisenhower to prevent Communist uprisings.

Eisenhower decided to use covert, or hidden operations.


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The U.S. stopped developing nations from joining the Communist camp by

providing them with financial aid. The CIA also staged covert operations

to overthrow anti-American leaders and replace them with pro-Americandictators.


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Nikita Khrushchev- In 1953, Stalin died. Khrushchev emerged as the leader of the

USSR.

Summit: Formal face to face meeting from leaders of different countries to talk

about important issues.

FYI: While at the summit meeting, Khrushchev requested to visit Disneyland. Citingsecurity reasons, he was denied. He was very upset.

Eisenhower warned America during his farewell speech to be on guard against

the immense influence of a military-industrial complex in a democracy.


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Lasting Cultural Effects:

Documents

The Cold War Lesson Plan