The Cold War1947-1991

Soviet Union after WWII

Josef Stalin was theleader of the Soviet Union after Lenin’s death.

Government Soviets set up a

puppet government; People do what they are told.

The government becomes one party (Communist) system did

Iron CurtainAFTER WWII AN INVISIBLE WALL WAS CREATED BETWEEN THE SOVIET-CONTROLLED COUNTRIES OF EASTERN EUROPE AND WESTERN EUROPE.

FIVE YEAR PLANMADE 5 PLANS TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMYBUILDING FACTORIES AND COLLECTIVE FARMS.STALIN USED SECRET POLICE TO GET RID OF PEOPLE HE DID NOT TRUST

Life in East Europe/Soviet Union

New factories were built

All decisions about factories made by the government

Collective farms ~ All cropsproduced by collective farms were distributed by the gov’t.

What did the end of WWII mean for Russia?~Communist government and troops occupied/took over Eastern Europe

What was Russia now called?~Soviet Union

Cold War DivisionWhich countries were against communism?

~US and Britain

What type of government did they want? ~DemocracyWhat was set up to help Western Europe recover?

~Marshall Plan and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Berlin WallDescribe the purpose of the Berlin WallWhat did each side of the wall represent?symbolized Cold War divisions

~East: Warsaw Pact – communism

~West: North Atlantic Treaty Organization – U.S. strong member helped rebuild W. Europe

Democratic West Unites

What did W. Europe represent?~democracy/free government

What was helping W. Europe rebuild?~economy~democracy

Describe NATO~North Atlantic Treaty Organization – US strong member helped rebuild Western Europe

~communism~Used force to control citizens~Used E. European countries as satellites/puppets~E. Europeans were not free to cross borders ~Government controlled all businesses

Communist control East

What was the E. European alliance called?

~ Warsaw Pact – communist East Europe

List at least 3 facts about E. European control:

The European Union

What is the European Union?

~economic and political partnership

Why did countries want to join?

~Economic stability

Define currency

~Type of payment – EU had 1 common currency = Euro

Democracy Spreads

What was happening in Europe in the 1980s?

~Communism was failing in Soviet and Eastern Europe

Communism fails

List 2 reasons communism was failing?

~Eastern economies couldn’t compete with industrial westernEurope

~Western Europe market economies – stronger than E. Europe’s commandEconomy

What was happening in E. Europe economies?

~government made decisions better for country than for the people~no motivation to work hard – govt limited pay~food shortages

Who was Mikahil Gorbachev? ~New leader of Soviets after Stalin

What did Gorbachev do for the Soviet gov’t?~Loosen Communist control

Which type of gov’t did Gorbachev support/want for the Soviets?~Democracy

Democratic Revolution Spreads

What happened in 1980?~Polish workers striked

How did Poland help to spread democracy?~Polish won over Polish leaders and had free elections – end communistRule

What/who was Solidarity?~Union of Polish workers

Germany Reunifies

List at least 4 facts about the reunification of Germany~1989 protests for democracy begins~demands led to free elections~1989 Berlin Wall destroyed – reuniting Europe~People in E. Germany were reunited with family in W. Germany

When the Berlin wall came down, what did it symbolize?~FREEDOM!!!

Cold War p 263 of orange text

Causes: Political tension between the members of NATO and the nations in theWarsaw Pact

W. Europe – democracies or constitutional monarchies (NATO)

E. Europe – communist (Warsaw Pact)

Feared use of nuclear weapons if war began

Effects:Called Cold War because neither side wanted an actual war.

These countries refused to trade or cooperate with each other