TheTheCivil Civil WarWar

(1861-(1861-1865)1865)

TheTheCivil Civil WarWar

(1861-(1861-1865)1865)

The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy

The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy

Pres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens

VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens

A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis

A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis

A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis

A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis

A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis

A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis

Western and Southern Theaters

Battle of Fort SumterBattle of Fort Sumter April 12 – 13, 1861April 12 – 13, 1861 “You will want only strike a hornet's nest.... Legions now quiet will swarm out and sting us to death. . . .” Secretary of State Robert Toombs, 1861

Lincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s Generals

Irwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowell

Winfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield Scott

George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!

George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!

George McClellanMcClellanGeorge McClellanMcClellan

Ambrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside

Joseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph Hooker

George MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals

The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals

Jeb StuartJeb StuartJeb StuartJeb Stuart

James LongstreetJames LongstreetJames LongstreetJames Longstreet

George PickettGeorge PickettGeorge PickettGeorge Pickett

““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest

Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest

Robert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861

NorthNorth SouthSouth

Advantages ?? ??

Disadvantages ?? ??

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Resources: North & the SouthResources: North & the SouthResources: North & the SouthResources: North & the South

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Ohio Military ServiceOhio Military ServiceOhio Military ServiceOhio Military Service

Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined

Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined

Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus

The “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” Plan

Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas) Manassas)

July, 1861July, 1861

Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas) Manassas)

July, 1861July, 1861

First Battle of First Battle of Bull RunBull Run

Mobilizing the TroopsMobilizing the Troops

Confederate reinforcements at the Confederate reinforcements at the First First Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run turned the tide for the turned the tide for the Confederacy in the first major battle. Confederacy in the first major battle.

The reinforcing troops were led by The reinforcing troops were led by Thomas J. Jackson–Thomas J. Jackson–“Stonewall” “Stonewall” Jackson.Jackson.

He became one of the most effective He became one of the most effective commanders in the Confederate Army.commanders in the Confederate Army.

At first many Northern and Southern men At first many Northern and Southern men enlisted in the armies.enlisted in the armies.

As the war dragged on, fewer young As the war dragged on, fewer young men enlisted. men enlisted.

The North tried to get volunteers to enlist The North tried to get volunteers to enlist by offering a by offering a bountybounty–an amount of money –an amount of money given as a bonus–to men who enlisted for given as a bonus–to men who enlisted for three years of military service.three years of military service.

Eventually both the Confederacy and the Eventually both the Confederacy and the Union instituted the draft.Union instituted the draft.

The Naval WarThe Naval War

Lincoln proclaimed a blockade of all Confederate Lincoln proclaimed a blockade of all Confederate ports in an effort to cut the South’s trade with the ports in an effort to cut the South’s trade with the world. world.

The Union blockade became increasingly The Union blockade became increasingly effective as the war went on. effective as the war went on.

The Union navy, however, could not stop all of The Union navy, however, could not stop all of the the blockade runners.blockade runners.

A fleet of Union ships, led by A fleet of Union ships, led by David G. Farragut,David G. Farragut, captured New Orleans and gained control of the captured New Orleans and gained control of the lower Mississippi River in April 1862.lower Mississippi River in April 1862.

War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862

War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862

“The blood of a poor man is as precious as that of the wealthy.”

The War in the EastThe War in the East

General George B. McClellan took over the General George B. McClellan took over the Union army in the east after General McDowell’s Union army in the east after General McDowell’s loss at the First Battle of Bull Run.loss at the First Battle of Bull Run.

The Union wanted to capture the Confederate The Union wanted to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond.capital at Richmond.Robert E. Lee took over Johnston’s forces and Robert E. Lee took over Johnston’s forces and began a series of attacks against McClellan in began a series of attacks against McClellan in the Seven Days’ Battle. the Seven Days’ Battle. Lincoln ordered McClellan and his troops to Lincoln ordered McClellan and his troops to return to Washington.return to Washington.

This became the Second Battle of This became the Second Battle of Bull Run. Bull Run.

Confederate troops were just 20 miles from Confederate troops were just 20 miles from Washington.Washington.

Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis believed that Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis believed that an invasion of the North was the only way to an invasion of the North was the only way to convince the Union to accept the South’s convince the Union to accept the South’s independence. independence.

So Lee and his troops invaded Maryland. So Lee and his troops invaded Maryland. McClellan and his troops took position along McClellan and his troops took position along Antietam Creek, east of Lee.Antietam Creek, east of Lee.

The The Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam was the bloodiest one- was the bloodiest one-day battle of the war.day battle of the war.

McClellan inflicted so many casualties on McClellan inflicted so many casualties on the Confederate army that Lee decided to the Confederate army that Lee decided to retreat to Virginia. retreat to Virginia.

This was an important victory for the This was an important victory for the Union. Union.

The South lost its best chance to gain The South lost its best chance to gain international recognition and support. international recognition and support.

The defeat convinced Lincoln that it was The defeat convinced Lincoln that it was time to end slavery in the South.time to end slavery in the South.

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”War”

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”War”

23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties

23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties

September 17, September 17, 18621862September 17, September 17, 18621862

Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863

TheTheEmancipationEmancipationProclamationProclamation

TheTheEmancipationEmancipationProclamationProclamation

The Emancipation ProclamationThe Emancipation Proclamation

Democrats opposed the end of slavery.Democrats opposed the end of slavery.

Republicans were divided on the issue. Republicans were divided on the issue.

Others, like Lincoln, did not want to lose Others, like Lincoln, did not want to lose the loyalty of the slaveholding border the loyalty of the slaveholding border states. states.

As Union casualties rose, however, As Union casualties rose, however, Northerners began to agree that slavery Northerners began to agree that slavery should end.should end.

In September of 1862 Abraham Lincoln, In September of 1862 Abraham Lincoln, encouraged by the Union victory at encouraged by the Union victory at Antietam, announced that he would issue Antietam, announced that he would issue the the Emancipation Proclamation.Emancipation Proclamation.

This decree would free all enslaved This decree would free all enslaved persons in states still in rebellion after persons in states still in rebellion after January 1, 1863.January 1, 1863.

The Emancipation Proclamation changed The Emancipation Proclamation changed the Civil War from a conflict over the Civil War from a conflict over preserving the Union to a war to free the preserving the Union to a war to free the slaves.slaves.

The Southern View of The Southern View of EmancipationEmancipation

The Southern View of The Southern View of EmancipationEmancipation

What were the advantages of What were the advantages of the North?the North?

What were the advantages of What were the advantages of the South?the South?

Alexandria,

Virginia. Slave pen.

Exterior view

African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster

African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster

The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts

The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts

““I imbibed in I imbibed in the war spirit the war spirit immediately. I immediately. I wanted to join wanted to join

the first the first company company

organized…” organized…”

John Weatherred.John Weatherred.

African-American teamsters,group of African-American teamsters,group of "contrabands" dressed in Union uniforms "contrabands" dressed in Union uniforms

Union Prison Campat Andersonville, GAUnion Prison Camp

at Andersonville, GA

Original Andersonville PlanOriginal Andersonville Plan

Planned to hold 10,000 men.

Had over 32,000 at one time.

Planned to hold 10,000 men.

Had over 32,000 at one time.

Distributing “Rations”Distributing “Rations”

Union “Survivors”Union “Survivors”

Union Prisoner’s

Recordat

Andersonville

Union Prisoner’s

Recordat

Andersonville

Burying Dead Union POWsBurying Dead Union POWs

Battle of Chancellorsville•May 1-14, 1863•Robert E. Lee for the South and Joseph Hooker for the North.•South had 45,000 soldiers and North had 70,000.•General Hooker wanted to try and capture Richmond again from the South.•Stonewall took his troops and was able to attack the North from behind.

•This was a unique battle. The smoke had been so thick that soldiers from the North were killing each other by mistake.•General Stonewall Jackson was shot 3 times by his own men in the confusion. •He died 10 days after the battle from pneumonia.•The South wins this battle

The War The War in in

the West, the West, 1863:1863:

VicksburgVicksburg

The War The War in in

the West, the West, 1863:1863:

VicksburgVicksburg

Vicksburg FallsVicksburg Falls

Union forces wanted to capture Vicksburg, Union forces wanted to capture Vicksburg, Mississippi, in order to gain control of the Mississippi, in order to gain control of the Mississippi River and cut the South in two. Mississippi River and cut the South in two.

Grant’s troops captured the town of Grant’s troops captured the town of Jackson and proceeded west. Jackson and proceeded west. The Union victory cut the Confederacy in The Union victory cut the Confederacy in two.two.

The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863

The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863

Battle of Battle of GettysburgGettysburg

GettysburgGettysburg

Lincoln gave command of the Union army Lincoln gave command of the Union army to General Ambrose Burnside. to General Ambrose Burnside.

Burnside ordered his troops to attack Burnside ordered his troops to attack Lee’s troops entrenched on the hills south Lee’s troops entrenched on the hills south of Fredericksburg, Virginia. of Fredericksburg, Virginia.

Lincoln replaced Burnside with General Lincoln replaced Burnside with General Joseph Hooker.Joseph Hooker.

General Lee’s troops marched into General Lee’s troops marched into Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania.

When Hooker failed to stop Lee, Lincoln When Hooker failed to stop Lee, Lincoln removed Hooker and replaced him with removed Hooker and replaced him with General George Meade. General George Meade.

General Meade and his troops headed General Meade and his troops headed north to stop Lee. north to stop Lee.

Near McPherson's Woods, dead Union solders. Retreating Rebels sometimes took needed gear from fallen Federals, including their shoes. The first skirmish leading to the Battle of Gettysburg began when Rebels searching for shoes encountered Union cavalry.

Open field surgery as an amputation is performed at a Union hospital tent.

Gettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualtiesGettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualties

The Gettysburg The Gettysburg AddressAddress“- that we here highly

resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

-Abraham Lincoln - November 19, 1863

Grant Versus LeeGrant Versus Lee

In 1864 General Grant started a campaign In 1864 General Grant started a campaign against General Robert E. Lee’s forces. against General Robert E. Lee’s forces.

The first battle was fought in the Wilderness The first battle was fought in the Wilderness near Fredericksburg, Virginia.near Fredericksburg, Virginia.Grant ordered his troops to put Grant ordered his troops to put PetersburgPetersburg under siege.under siege.

18651865

General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Grant at General Grant at Appomattox Appomattox CourthouseCourthouse on April 9, 1865. on April 9, 1865.

The terms of surrender guaranteed that The terms of surrender guaranteed that the United States would not prosecute the United States would not prosecute Confederate soldiers for treason. Confederate soldiers for treason.

Lincoln gave a speech in which he Lincoln gave a speech in which he explained his plan for restoring the explained his plan for restoring the Southern states in the Union.Southern states in the Union.

Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox

April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox

April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides

Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides

Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other

WarsWars

Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other

WarsWars

Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)

Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)

On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth shot On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth shot and killed Abraham Lincoln at and killed Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theater.Ford’s Theater.

The Civil War saved the Union and The Civil War saved the Union and strengthened the power of the federal strengthened the power of the federal government over the states. government over the states.

It changed American society by ending the It changed American society by ending the enslavement of African Americans. enslavement of African Americans.

The South’s society and economy were The South’s society and economy were devastated.devastated.

The AssassinThe AssassinThe AssassinThe Assassin

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

The AssassinationThe AssassinationThe AssassinationThe Assassination

WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!

WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!

Ford’s Theater

The Petersen House