The Circulatory The Circulatory SystemSystem

Primary FunctionPrimary Function The function of the The function of the circulatory circulatory

systemsystem is to transport is to transport nutrientsnutrients and and oxygen (Ooxygen (O22)) toto cellscells around around the body and to remove the body and to remove wasteswastes including including carbon dioxide (COcarbon dioxide (CO22)). .

The fluid part of this system is the The fluid part of this system is the blood.blood.

Three PathwaysThree Pathways

1.1. Coronary Coronary circulation circulation is the is the flow of blood to flow of blood to and from the and from the heart. heart.

- If this circulation - If this circulation is blocked= Heart is blocked= Heart AttackAttack

Cont. Three PathwaysCont. Three Pathways

2. 2. Pulmonary circulationPulmonary circulation is the is the flow of blood to and from the flow of blood to and from the lungslungs to gather to gather oxygenoxygen. .

Cont. Three PathwaysCont. Three Pathways3. 3. Systemic Systemic

circulation circulation is the is the flow of blood to flow of blood to and from and from all all other organs and other organs and tissues of the tissues of the body. body. (EXCEPT (EXCEPT those previously those previously mentioned)mentioned)

The HeartThe Heart Heart is a muscular organ that Heart is a muscular organ that

pumps blood to lungs and other parts pumps blood to lungs and other parts of the body. of the body.

Atria-P Atrium- S Upper chamber

Ventricles – Lower chamber

2 of each

A total of 4 chambers

Structure of HeartStructure of Heart

Four chambers Four chambers – Two upper Two upper

(Atria)(Atria) Right atriumRight atrium Left atriumLeft atrium

– Two lower Two lower (Ventricles)(Ventricles) Right VentricleRight Ventricle Left VentricleLeft Ventricle

Cont. The HeartCont. The HeartValves - separate the top and bottom chambers and prevents blood from flowing backwards. (one way)

Septum- seputm wall that SEPARATES the left side of the heart that contains oxygen from the right side of the that does not.

Your Blood Vessels: Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of CirculationPathway of Circulation

3 types of blood vessels3 types of blood vessels– ArteriesArteries– VeinsVeins– CapillariesCapillaries

Artery (Arteries):Artery (Arteries):carry blood carry blood Away from heartway from heart– LargeLarge– Thick- Thick- MuscularMuscular walled walled– Oxygenated blood Oxygenated blood

Exception Pulmonary ArteryException Pulmonary Artery

– Carried under great pressureCarried under great pressure

Veins:Veins:Carry blood to the heart

– Carries blood that Carries blood that contains waste and COcontains waste and CO22

Exception pulmonary veinException pulmonary vein

– Blood not under much Blood not under much pressurepressure

– ValvesValves to prevent much to prevent much gravity pullgravity pull

Varicose VeinsVaricose VeinsDamaged Valves in VeinsDamaged Valves in Veins

Artery vs. VeinArtery vs. Vein

Capillaries:Capillaries:tiny blood vessels that tiny blood vessels that connect connect

arteries to veinsarteries to veins

– Smallest vesselSmallest vessel– MicroscopicMicroscopic– Walls one cell thickWalls one cell thick– Nutrients and Nutrients and

gases diffuse heregases diffuse here

Some Important VesselsSome Important Vessels

Aorta- Largest artery which sends oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Pulmonary artery – carries blood from the heart to the lungs to get oxygen

Some Important VesselsSome Important VesselsSuperior vena cava- major vein that carries unoxgenated blood from the UPPER parts of the body.

Pulmonary vein – carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart

Inferior vena cava- major vein that carries unoxgenated blood from the LOWER parts of the body.

Capillaries of head and arms

Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs

Inferior vena cava

Pulmonary vein

Capillaries of right lung

Superior vena cava Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Capillaries of left lung

Functions of Blood:Functions of Blood:

Function:Function:

1.1.Carries Oxygen (OCarries Oxygen (O22) to cells (from ) to cells (from lungs) and Carbon dioxide (COlungs) and Carbon dioxide (CO22) away) away

2.2.Carries nutrients to cells from the Carries nutrients to cells from the digestive systemdigestive system

3.3.Carries wastes to kidneysCarries wastes to kidneys

4.4.Blood cells fight infection White Blood Blood cells fight infection White Blood Cells (WBC’s) and help heal woundsCells (WBC’s) and help heal wounds

The BloodThe Blood PlasmaPlasma- - liquid liquid

part of the blood part of the blood mostly water, some mostly water, some nutrients, minerals, nutrients, minerals, hormones etc. hormones etc.

Body contains 4-6 LBody contains 4-6 L Consists of Consists of

– Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells– White blood cells White blood cells

and plateletsand platelets

Red Blood Cells (RBC’s)- Red Blood Cells (RBC’s)- ErythrocytesErythrocytes

contain hemoglobin, contain hemoglobin, chemical that chemical that carry Ocarry O22 and COand CO22

RBC are produced in red RBC are produced in red bone marrow of bone marrow of – ribs, ribs, – humerus, humerus, – femur, femur, – sternum, and other long sternum, and other long

bonesbones

White Blood Cells (WBC’S)- White Blood Cells (WBC’S)- LeukocytesLeukocytes

fight bacteria fight bacteria and virusesand viruses; can ; can enter tissues to enter tissues to destroy invaders destroy invaders and absorb dead and absorb dead cellscells

Attack foreign Attack foreign substancessubstances

Less abundantLess abundant Large cellsLarge cells

PlateletsPlatelets Platelets-Platelets- irregularly shaped irregularly shaped

fragements that release fibrin fragements that release fibrin to help to help clot blood.clot blood.

Produced in bone marrowProduced in bone marrow Fibrin (sticky network of protein Fibrin (sticky network of protein

fibers)fibers)– Form a web trapping blood cellsForm a web trapping blood cells

Blood Clotting Blood Clotting PlateletsPlatelets stick to the stick to the

wound wound fibrinfibrin form a form a sticky net which sticky net which traps blood cells and traps blood cells and forms a forms a clot (hardens clot (hardens to form a scab).to form a scab).

Skin cells Skin cells repair skin repair skin under the scab and under the scab and the body reabsorbs the body reabsorbs the clot. the clot.

Your Heart: The Vital PumpYour Heart: The Vital Pump

At REST, the heart At REST, the heart pumps about 5 pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a QUARTS of blood a minute.minute.

During EXTREME During EXTREME EXERTION EXERTION (exercise) it can (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a pump 40 quarts a minute.minute.