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The Circulatory System
What goes toward the
cells?
What is leaving the
cells?
Nutrients, Oxygen, and
Water
CO2 and other wastes
• To transport materials throughout the human
body
• To bring substances to and from the cells.
What is it’s Function?
What organs/parts are needed for a
circulatory system?
Pump • Heart
Pipes 3 Types of Blood Vessels
• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries
&
The Human Heart
• Has 2 upper chambers called atria (atrium)
• Has 2 lower chambers called ventricles
• Left side pumps blood to the body
• Right side pumps blood to the lungs
Atria vs. Ventricles
• Receives blood from
the body and lungs
(collecting chamber)
• Thin walled
• Little muscle
• Gets blood from
atria
• Pumps blood to all
parts of the body
• Thick walled
• Very muscular
The Human Heart 1. Aorta
2. Superior Vena Cava
3. Right Atrium
4. Semilunar Valves
(pulmonary and aortic)
5. Right Ventricle
6. Inferior Vena Cava
7. Pulmonary Artery
8. Pulmonary Vein
9. Left Atrium
10.Mitral (bicuspid) Valve
11.Left Ventricle
12.Septum
13.Tricuspid Valve
13
http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/An
atomy.cfm
Direction of
blood flow 1. Body
2. Vena Cava(superior
and inferior)
3. Right Atrium
4. Right Ventricle
5. Pulmonary Artery
6. Lungs
7. Pulmonary Vein
8. Left Atrium
9. Left Ventricle
10.Aorta
11.Body
13
http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/An
atomy.cfm
• O2 to CO2
• CO2
• CO2
• CO2
• CO2
• O2
• O2
• O2
• O2
• O2
• O2 to CO2
Location Oxygenation
Artificial Pacemakers
The Blood Vessels
1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Capillaries
Arteries vs. Veins
Any vessel in which
blood flows away from
the heart
Fast blood flow
Deep within the body’s
tissue
Heart
Thick and elastic to
allow a pulse
Any vessel in which blood
flows to the heart.
Slow blood flow
On the surface next to
muscles
Muscles with one way
valves.
Thin layer
Direction of
Flow
Speed of Flow
Location
Method of
Movement
Thickness of
vessel
Thin walled vessels which:
Drop off: nutrients and oxygen
Pick up: CO2 and wastes
Using: the process of osmosis
Capillaries
Questions
Where are capillaries found in the human body?
Put the three blood vessels in order from thickest to
thinnest.
Where are the capillaries that pick up digested food?
Blood
4 Components
1. Red Blood Cells (RBC)
2. White Blood Cells (WBC)
3. Platelets
4. Plasma
Blood
Plasma: •Yellowish Liquid
•92% Water
•Contains dissolved nutrients and
wastes
Blood
Red Blood Cells
(RBC): o Shaped like berets
o Contain hemoglobin(an iron
containing protein) to which
oxygen binds
o Made in bone marrow
o 120 day life span
o Broken down in your liver and
spleen when old
Blood
White Blood Cells
(WBC) o Bigger than RBC
o Develop in the bone marrow
o Defend against bacteria and
viruses.
o A part of your immune system
4
Blood
Platelets o Bits of cells from bone marrow
o Last about 10 days
o They prevent bleeding by collecting
around the cut, release the enzyme fibrin
which weaves fibers across the cut,
trapping RBC & plasma. Plasma sets and
hardens forming a clot called a scab. A
scab is a surface blood clot.
3
Blood
Lymph o As blood moves through capillaries,
plasma leaks out and surrounds the body’s
cells. It collects in a system of vessels and
is now called lymph. The lymph vessels
transport lymph back into the blood
stream. Lymph nodes remove bacteria
from the lymph.
1
Blood Groups
There are 4 different blood groups
Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O
— Has an A protein attached to the outer
edge of the RBC
— Has a B protein attached to the outer
edge of the RBC
— Has an A & B protein attached to the
outer edge of the RBC
— Has no A or B protein attached.
Blood Groups
You can not transfer all blood to every
person because some types have an anti-
chemical that causes the cells to clump
together. This could cause death.
Blood Groups
Blood
Group
Proteins on
RBC
Clumping
Chemicals
in Plasma
Can Accept
Transfusion
s from
Group A A Anti B A, O
B B Anti A B, O
AB A, B None A, B, AB,
O
O None Anti A, Anti B
O
The protein on the RBC is like a
nation’s flag. It signals to other
red blood cells that we are on
the same side.
Clumping chemicals are like missiles
that attack any foreign objects or
RBC with a different flag. (like “B”
proteins/flags)
Blood Groups
Rh Factor • Surface of human RBC has a group of
18 proteins
• If a person has any one of these
proteins they are Rh+
• If a person has none they are Rh-
• Rh- can donate to Rh+, but Rh+
cannot donate to Rh-
Rh = rhesus
monkey
J.M.Garg
Blood Groups
Blood
Group
Proteins on
RBC
Clumping
Chemicals
in Plasma
Can Accept
Transfusion
s from
Group A A Anti B A, O
B B Anti A B, O
AB A, B None A, B, AB,
O
O None Anti A, Anti B
O
Cardiovascular Disease
Atherosclerosis
• Thickening of the inner lining of the
arteries
• Caused when cholesterol, fat-like
substances, collect on the inner lining
of the artery
• The muscle cells, of the heart, that do
not get enough O2, die.
Cardiovascular Disease
Atherosclerosis
• Leads to a heart attack, (cardiac
arrest) when a blockage of blood flow
occurs in an artery supplying blood to
the heart muscle
• Leads to a stroke, when the blockage
occurs in an artery supplying blood to
the brain
Copyright © 2011 Nephron
Cardiovascular Disease
Hypertension – (high blood pressure)
• Force of blood + resistance of blood
vessel walls.
• Increases the stress on the heart
muscle.
• Called “silent killer” – no symptoms
Medical Fixes
Angioplasty
Medical Fixes
Bypass Surgery
Imagine your are a blood cell passing
into the lungs. List all the structures in
order that you pass through before you
enter the lungs for a second time.
Nasal Passage
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Capillaries
Pulmonary Vein
Left Atrium
Bicuspid Valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic Valve
Aorta
Arteries (left bicep)
Arterioles
Capillaries
Respiration
Oxygen Glucose
Through DIFFUSION, we passed through the
capillaries into one of Mr. Levine’s brain cells.
ATP
Respiration
CO2 H2O
You are now a part of CO2 molecule. What
structures do you encounter on your way out of Mr.
Levine’s body?
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
Superior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary Artery
Lungs (and your exhaled through the capillaries)