Circulatory System

The Circulatory SystemChapter 47Section 1

Notes1http://bryanbrandenburg.blog.com/Biomedical/Functions of the Circulatory System

_______ blood containing oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cellsTransports CO2 and other wastes _____from cells2Fights _________Regulates body ____________Helps stabilize ___ and _____ concentration of body fluids.

Functions Continued3

Circulatory SystemComponentsHeart________________ArteriesVeinsCapillaries

4The HeartA muscular pumpMoves blood through the bodyIs suspended in the ___________ sacComposed of ______ chambersDivided into right and left _______Made up of cardiac muscle cells

AortaLeft pulmonary arteryLeft atriumLeft pulmonary veinsLeft ventricleSuperior vena cavaRight pulmonaryveinsRight atriumRight ventricleInferior vena cava5PericardiumProtective sac of __________ tissue Surrounds the heart

Filled with ______6http://www.ohioheartandvascular.com/site/nucleus/si55551261.phpMyocardiumThe muscle of the heartStrong and thickComposed of spontaneously contracting cardiac muscle fibers

Can conduct electricity like nervesIts blood supply comes from the coronary arteries

Myocardium (heart muscle) shown in redEpicardium(Outer surfaceof myocardium)Endocardium(Inner surface of myocardium)7http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Topics/images/myocard.jpghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Heart_myocardium_diagram.jpg/800px-Heart_myocardium_diagram.jpg&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Heart_myocardium_diagram.jpg&h=527&w=800&sz=83&hl=en&start=11&um=1&tbnid=eLXtJrKgryWLFM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmyocardium%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DNStructures of the Heart Chambers_____- (2) upper chambers_____ walledReceive blood from veinsSend blood to ventricles________- (2) lower chambers_______ walledReceive blood from atriaPump blood out through arteries_________Wall that divides heart into right and left halves

SeptumPulmonary valveRight atriumTricuspid valveRight ventricleLeft atriumAortic valveMitral valveLeft ventricle8Structures of the HeartValvesPrevent ________ of bloodKeep blood moving in ____ directionBetween the _________ At junctions of artery and chamber

Tricuspid valvePulmonary veinsMitral valveLeft atriumPulmonary valveAortic valveRight atrium

Valves seen from aboveChordea tendineaPulmonary valve9http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.delftoutlook.tudelft.nl/info/images/100703033722010.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.delftoutlook.tudelft.nl/info/index53f8.html%3Fhoofdstuk%3DArticle%26ArtID%3D5115&h=587&w=600&sz=333&hl=en&start=23&um=1&tbnid=qz-VlbvAFi6QRM:&tbnh=132&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchordae%2Btendinae%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DNStructures of the HeartChordae tendinease Heart strings Cord-like ________ Connect papillary muscles to tricuspid and mitral valvesPrevent ________of valvePapillary musclesSmall muscles that _______ the cords

Papillary muscle10http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.delftoutlook.tudelft.nl/info/images/100703033722010.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.delftoutlook.tudelft.nl/info/index53f8.html%3Fhoofdstuk%3DArticle%26ArtID%3D5115&h=587&w=600&sz=333&hl=en&start=23&um=1&tbnid=qz-VlbvAFi6QRM:&tbnh=132&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchordae%2Btendinae%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

aortic valveleft common carotid arteryleft subclavian arterybrachiocephalic arteryright pulmonary arteryseptumleft pulmonary arteryaortapulmonary trunkleft pulmonary veinsleft atrium (auricle)mitral valvepulmonary valvepapillary muscleleft ventricleright pulmonary veinssuperior vena cavaright atriumtricuspid valveright ventricleinferior vena cava 2006 Merriam-Webster, Inc.Structures of the Heart6111014198753421712161315Semilunar valveSemilunar valvebicuspid valveatrioventricular valve11http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=72171&rendTypeId=35Cardiac Cycle

Refers to all of the events from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the ____ heart beat

When cardiac muscle contracts it does so as a single unit, creating a heart beat

One heartbeat - a cardiac cycle - consists of two parts called _______ and _______

12Cardiac CycleDiastole is the period of time when the heart _________ after contractionOxygenated blood from the lungs fills the left atrium ____________ blood from other parts of the body fills the right atrium.

At the end of the diastole, the atria contract, starting the Systole13Cardiac Cycle

_______ systole is the contraction of the heart muscle of the left and right atria. Both atria contract at the same time, sending blood into the corresponding ventricle

______ systole is the contraction of the muscles of the left and right ventricles, which contract at the same time. The term systole is synonymous with contraction of a muscle. 14http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/ADN_animation.gif&imgrefurl=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Print_Version&h=313&w=181&sz=1029&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=PQleQxY_3NWqoM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=68&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvasoconstriction%2Banimation%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Cardiac CycleDuring systole the ventricles contract, forcing the blood into the pulmonary artery to be re-oxygenated in the lungs, and into the aorta for systemic distribution of oxygenated blood

15http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dpcweb.com/images/medicalconditions/heartattack/circulation%2520of%2520heart_2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dpcweb.com/medical/heartdisease/cardiac_cycle.html&h=211&w=150&sz=6&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=xrFKa5eJUC9IfM:&tbnh=106&tbnw=75&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiastole%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DNCardiac CycleTwo normal heart sounds with each heart beatdescribed as a..Heart Sounds___- sound- due to closure of the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid)

____- sound- due to closure of the aortic valve and pulmonary valve

16http://www.enter.net/~fsadr/ds.gifCardiac CycleHeart Rate - count of each heart beatOn average, a heart beats __ times a minute when at restUsually it is calculated as number of contractions of heart (heart beats)in one minute and expressed as "beats per minute" (bpm). The pulse is the most straightforward way of measuring the heart rate Heart rate is controlled by What part nervous system?

17http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/jza0112l.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/h/heart_rate_gifts.asp&h=400&w=366&sz=23&hl=en&start=7&um=1&tbnid=cCwC5iNwx-WVXM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=113&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dheart%2Brate%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/blood.gif&imgrefurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/06circulatorysystem.html&h=540&w=720&sz=70&hl=en&start=129&um=1&tbnid=B1DRAhnggWJN0M:&tbnh=105&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblood%2Bmoving%2Banimation%26start%3D120%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DNCardiac Cycle (do not know)Resting heart rate can be significantly lower in athletes_________ division increases heart rate___________ division decreases heart rateHeart rate increases when more food and oxygen are needed by the cells, or when under stress

18http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.utmedicalcenter.org/adam/graphics/images/en/18138.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.utmedicalcenter.org/encyclopedia/18138.htm&h=320&w=400&sz=13&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=VQC7J9dHisOwoM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dheart%2Brate%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.thefinalsprint.com/images/2006/12/heart-rate.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.thefinalsprint.com/2006/12/running-and-the-maximum-heart-rate-formula/&h=200&w=200&sz=8&hl=en&start=18&um=1&tbnid=fVjhpTvDUZD1rM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dheart%2Brate%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DNCardiac Cycle

An electrocardiogram abbreviated as EKG or ECG is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heartbeat or one cardiac cycle.

19http://www.matthewcwiggins.com/images/animatedheart.gifCardiac Conduction System

Why dont the atria and ventricles contract at the same time?Inefficient.Blood would not be moved in one direction,some would flow backwards20http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://acousticheart.com/library/HeartBeatingAnimation.gif&imgrefurl=http://acousticheart.com/learning_heart_and_lung_sounds.html&h=155&w=150&sz=59&hl=en&start=41&um=1&tbnid=XTtO99cxr5BobM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=94&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbeating%2Bheart%2Banimation%26start%3D40%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Cardiac Conduction SystemIncludes:SA nodeAV nodeBundle of HisPurkinje fibers

Purkinje fibers21http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://user.gru.net/clawrence/vccl/chpt2/adlt39.gif&imgrefurl=http://user.gru.net/clawrence/vccl/chpt2/ELECTRIC.htm&h=292&w=323&sz=23&tbnid=7dxLb6sk3ZnTDM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcardiac%2Bconduction%2Bsystem&start=3&sa=X&oi=images&ct=image&cd=3

Cardiac Conduction SystemSinoatrial Node (SA node)Located high on the right atrium.___________ of the heart.Causes the _______ of contractions in the atria.

______ bloodinto the ventricles

22Cardiac Conduction SystemAtrioventricular Node (AV node)Located in the interatrial septum close to the tricuspid valve Carries the electrical impulse from the SA node to fiber bundles in the ventricles.This causes the ___________ to contract The location of nerve fiber bundles cause the ventricles to contract from the apex (bottom) upsqueezing blood up and out

23Pathway of Circulation

Oxygen-poor blood draining from the body through veins into the superior and inferior vena cava flows to the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve, and into the right ventricle.

As the right ventricle contracts, oxygen-poor blood passes through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary arteries and on to the lungs to receive oxygen. 24http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Heart_labelled_large.png

Pathway of CirculationOxygen-rich blood from the lungs enters the heart through the pulmonary veins, passing into the left atrium.Then through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. Contraction of the left ventricle forces blood through the aortic valve into the aorta. Various arteries branch off from the aorta to supply blood to all parts of the body.

25Pathway of CirculationArteries branch into smaller and smaller vessels (arterioles)

They eventually become capillaries, which supply blood to all body parts

Capillaries merge into (venuoles) which join into veins and carry blood back to the heart.

Nutrients pass into tissuesWaste products filter backBlood pumped out ofheart into arteries,which branch into smaller and smallervessels until blood flowsinto capillaries

Blood returns to theheart through the veinsHeartCapillaryCapillarynetwork26Pathway of Circulation

27http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.heartpoint.com/images/copyright/theheartwhole.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.heartpoint.com/theheart.html&h=288&w=439&sz=867&hl=en&start=24&um=1&tbnid=yEqnWEsubKNLnM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dheart%2Bvalve%2Bclosing%2Banimation%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DNPathway of Circulation

14911108613126543211

161514

7And so onIt takes about 1 min. for blood to make 1 complete cycle28http://images.medicinenet.com/images/illustrations/heart_valves.jpghttp://library.thinkquest.org/2935/Natures_Best/Nat_Best_High_Level/Circulatory_Net_Pages/Circulatory_page.html

Pulmonary CircuitSystemic CircuitLungPulmonaryveinAortaLeft atriumLeftventriclePulmonaryarteryRightatriumRightventricleVenacavaoxygen-poor bloodoxygen-rich blood

CardiovascularCircuits29http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/cardio2/intro.html

Pulmonary CirculationTakes place on the ____ side of the heart.Pumps blood low in oxygento the lungs to pick up oxygen and return to heart

30http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/pulmonarycirc.gifhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://acousticheart.com/library/HeartBeatingAnimation.gif&imgrefurl=http://acousticheart.com/learning_heart_and_lung_sounds.html&h=155&w=150&sz=59&hl=en&start=41&um=1&tbnid=XTtO99cxr5BobM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=94&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbeating%2Bheart%2Banimation%26start%3D40%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Systemic CirculationTakes place on _____ side of heartOxygenated blood is pumped tothe body cells thruthe aortaand otherarteriesBlood lowin ______returns to the heart

31http://www.besttreatments.co.uk/btuk/images/circluation_animation.gifhttp://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f22-1_cardiovascular_sy_c.jpg

Coronary CirculationAlthough blood fills the chambersof the heart, the muscle tissue of the heart is so thick that it requires coronary blood vessels to deliver blood deepinto the myocardium.

The coronary circulation consists of the blood vessels that supply blood to, and remove blood from the _____ muscle itself.

32Coronary Circulation

The vessels that supply blood high in oxygen to the myocardium are known as ________ arteries.

33http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v125/J-Kama-Ka-C/jcian/89bd50cf.jpghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fotosearch.com/comp/LIF/LIF125/3D509010.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.fotosearch.com/LIF125/3d509010/&h=300&w=218&sz=19&hl=en&start=66&um=1&tbnid=xw0dlbuUNHVWeM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=84&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcoronary%2Bvessels%26start%3D60%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DNBlood VesselsForm a closed circuit of tubes that carry blood throughout the body

Laid end to end, the blood vessels in an average human body will stretch approximately 62,000 miles2.5 times around the earth

34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vesselhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.familydoctor.co.uk/htdocs/varicose/images/vari2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.familydoctor.co.uk/htdocs/varicose/varicose_specimen.html&h=405&w=420&sz=33&hl=en&start=9&um=1&tbnid=JTdZjmrqR8xSnM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dveins%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Blood Vessels

Have characteristic features Are distinguished by size, tissue layers and direction of blood flow35http://www.colorado.edu/kines/Class/IPHY3430-200/image/figure10b1.jpgBlood Vessels

ArteriesReceive blood from ventricles____________________________Usually carry oxygenated blood____________________Withstand greater blood pressureAre very _________Connect to capillariesAorta is the largest artery

36http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/blood.gif&imgrefurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/06circulatorysystem.html&h=540&w=720&sz=70&hl=en&start=129&um=1&tbnid=B1DRAhnggWJN0M:&tbnh=105&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblood%2Bmoving%2Banimation%26start%3D120%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Blood VesselsVeinsTransport blood away from capillariesCarry blood toward heartTake blood to atriaHave valvesThinner vessel walls with lesssmooth muscles than arteriesCan stretch a great dealHave larger diametersUsually carry de-oxygenated bloodVena cava is the largest vein

37http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/veins.gif

Blood VesselsThe contraction of muscles compressing veins helps push blood up through the leg veins back to the heart. The _____ allow the blood to flow towards the heart only.

Calf musclerelaxedCalf musclecontractsMusclesqueezes veinsVeins constrict;blood moves;valves openVeins dialated;blood still;valves closed

Valves OPENValves CLOSED38http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.familydoctor.co.uk/htdocs/varicose/images/vari2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.familydoctor.co.uk/htdocs/varicose/varicose_specimen.html&h=405&w=420&sz=33&hl=en&start=9&um=1&tbnid=JTdZjmrqR8xSnM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dveins%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DNhttp://www.merck.com/media/mmhe2/figures/fg036_1.gif

Varicose veinsBlood VesselsCapillariesSmallest of blood vesselsOnly one cell thick (epithelial cell)Connect arteries to veinsBring oxygen and nutrients to cellsRemoves CO2, urea, and other wastes from cellsWhere blood is under low pressure and moving slowly

40http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/blood.gif&imgrefurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/06circulatorysystem.html&h=540&w=720&sz=70&hl=en&start=129&um=1&tbnid=B1DRAhnggWJN0M:&tbnh=105&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblood%2Bmoving%2Banimation%26start%3D120%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Blood VesselsA network of capillaries runs close to the cells in every part of the body. The capillaries have very thin walls which allows nutrients to diffuse through into the tissues and waste products to filter back into the capillaries.

ArterioleVenuleTissue cellsVeinArterycapillariesCapillaries41http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/ADN_animation.gif&imgrefurl=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Print_Version&h=313&w=181&sz=1029&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=PQleQxY_3NWqoM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=68&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvasoconstriction%2Banimation%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

CB O L M O PO AD R I V SE OS NSE OL FS

42http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/Cardiovascular%20System.htm