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Learning Target & Standard

•  I  can  evaluate  the  main  events  of  the  Reforma3on.    

•  7.55  Outline  the  reasons  for  the  growing  discontent  with  the  Catholic  Church,  including  the  main  ideas  of  Mar3n  Luther  (salva3on  by  faith),  John  Calvin  (predes3na3on),  Desiderius  Erasmus  (free  will),  and  William  Tyndale  (transla3ng  the  Bible  into  English),  and  their  aJempts  to  reconcile  what  they  viewed  as  God’s  word  with  Church  ac3on.    

The Church’s Problems & Criticisms •  Priests  and  bishops  were  not  religious  anymore.  

•  Pope  too  involved  in  poli3cs.  •  Church  had  grown  too  rich.  •  Sale  of  indulgences  

–  A  document  given  by  the  pope  that  excused  a  person  from  penal8es  for  the  sins  that  he/she  had  commi:ed  

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Martin Luther

•  Luther  troubled  by  the  sale  of  indulgences  among  other  prac8ces  of  the  Catholic  Church.  

•  Luther  posts  his  95  theses  on  the  door  of  the  castle  church  in  Wi:enberg,  Germany  on  October  31,  1517.  

•  Pope  pays  li:le  a:en8on  to  the  Luther  at  first.  

•  Luther  a:acks  the  Pope  and  his  threats  of  excommunica8on.  

•  The  Protestant  Reforma8on  further  divided  Germany.  

•  Those  who  protest  the    Roman  Catholic  Church  known  as  PROTESTANTS!  

•  Protestants  that  followed  Luther’s  teaching  were  known  as  LUTHERANS!  

More on Martin Luther

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New Circumstances that lead to reform… •  Be:er  educated,  urban  popula8on  was  more  cri8cal  of  the  Church  than  rural  peasantry.  

•  Renaissance  monarchs  were  growing  impa8ent  with  the  power  of  the  Church.  

•  Society  was  more  humanis8c  and  secular  •  Growing  individualism.    -­‐-­‐John  Wycliffe    **people  can  read  the  Bible  on  their  own  and  find  salva8on**  

RECALL: What is humanism?

New Technologies lead to reform… •  Inven8on  of  movable  type  was  invented  in  1450  by  Johann  Gutenberg.  

•  Manufacture  of  paper  becomes  easier  and  cheaper.  

•  Helped  spread  ideas  before  Catholics  could  squash  them.  

•  Intensified  intellectual  cri8cism  of  the  Church.  

•  Protestant  ideals  appealed  to  the  urban  and  the  literate.  

RECALL: Where did the invention of movable type originate?

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Political Change leads to reform… •  Henry VIII became king of

England. •  He  stood against the

Protestant Reformation and was proclaimed the “Defender of the Faith” by the pope.  

The Reformation spreads to England •  King  Henry  VIII  seeks  an  annulment  of  his  marriage  to  the  Queen  –  Catherine  of  Aragon.  

•  Henry  denounces  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  creates  the  Church  of  England  and  establishes  his  own  supremacy  over  it.    –  gets  his  annulment  

•  6  wives…  

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1.  Catherine of Aragon (annulled)

2.  Anne Boleyn (annulled and later executed on charges of adultery, incest, and treason)

3.  Jane Seymour (died days after giving birth, widely believed to be following birth complications)

4.  Anne of Cleves (annulled)

5.  Catherine Howard (annulled and later executed – treason and adultery)

6.  Catherine Parr (widowed)

England Remains Protestant

•  Henry  VIII  -­‐  1st  Protestant  king.  •  Aber  his  death,  his  daughter,  Mary  will  take  the  crown  –  she  is  Catholic!!    

•  Her  reign  gives  her  the  nickname  of  of  “Bloody” Mary.  

•  Mary  dies  and  the  crown  goes  to  her  half  sister  –  Elizabeth  (Protestant).  

•  The  reign  of  Elizabeth  the  first  is  known  as  the  Golden  Age.