The Cell: The Smallest Unit of Life

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic1.No nuclear membrane

2.No membrane bound organelles

3. Found only in kingdoms Eubacteria & Archaebacteria

4. Size 0.1 um -10 um

Eukaryotic1. Definite membrane bound

nucleus

2. Contains membrane bound organelles

3. Found in Kingdoms: Animal, Plant, Fungi, & Protista

4. 10 um – 100 um

Cellular Organelles

Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)

Double layer of lipids & proteins

Gatekeeper of cell Semi permeable

(lets certain things in and keeps other things out)

NUCLEUS Surrounded by a double-layered membrane.

Control center of the cell The DNA with proteins form chromosomes The nucleolus is also found in the nucleus.

It produces ribosomes

Ribosomes Function in protein

synthesis. They do not contain a membrane.

Found: Bound to ER Floating free in the

cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Consists of a network of membranous

tubules and sacs The ER is continuous with the nuclear

membrane There are 2 types:

Smooth ER

Produces lipids & detoxifies drugs & poisons. It also helps in muscle contraction

Rough ER

Antibody production Involved with membrane production

Golgi Apparatus Series of flattened

membranous sacs, stacked like pita bread

Synthesis, storing, and shipping material

Lysosomes

Bag of hydrolytic enzymes Intracellular digestion, autophagy,

and programmed destruction

Vacuoles

Sacs that function in digestion, pumping excess material, storage, cell stabilizer, and are found in many protists and plants

Mitochondria Converts energy to forms the cell can use It is a double membrane structure The outer membrane is smooth while the

inner membrane (cristae) is folded POWERHOUSE of the cell

Chloroplast Convert light into energy:

Site of Photosynthesis Found only in plant cells Green in color: contains

CHLOROPHYLL ONLY IN PLANT CELLS

Cytoskeleton Contains microtubules and

microfilaments Microtubules: straight hollow rods

that support and help organelles around the cell. They form centrioles

Microfilaments: function in muscle contraction, cytoplasmic streaming, amoeboid movement , and changes in cell shape

Cell Wall

Is made of a material called cellulose Only found in plants

Cytoplasm

Liquid portion of the cell All organelles are contained within the

cytoplasm.

Centrioles

Made up of microtubules Help direct mitosis.

PLANT CELLS vs ANIMAL CELLS

Have a cell wall Contain

chloroplasts Can do

photosynthesis Large central

vacuole mitochondria

•No cell wall

•No Chloroplasts

•No photosynthesis

•Mitochondria•centrioles