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Book Review of Codename: Litefoot By John C. Simpson

Several SniperWeeks ago there was a presentation by B.G. Burkett the author of Stolen Valor. Many in the audience wondered what was the point of his appearance. The point is, when someone identifies themselves with the term “sniper” and then tries to perpetrate a fraud, and goes on to portray snipers as psychos, burn outs and losers, then that affects all of us who look at being a sniper as something we want to be and do well. This issue’s book review is about a piece of poorly written fiction presented as fact, entitled Codename: Litefoot, by Robert Boyd. Just be advised that, even as a first novel, this is pretty bad—full of stilted dialogue between characters who avoid using contractions with a passion and action scenes that make Rambo look like a contender for the Noble Peace Prize. He so obviously wants to have been a part of something that he passes on the tired old urban legends of Vietnam to include incurable STDs & prostitutes having implanted razor blades in their nether regions. The story is a work of “autobiographical fiction” about a young man who joins the Air Force in the 1960’s to learn how to become an aircraft mechanic. He seems to go from one sadistic commander to another until he says that everyone’s favorite boogey man, the CIA, recruits him to serve as a sniper in Vietnam. It’s easy to dismiss these ramblings, except for one thing—Robert Boyd wants us to believe it’s all-true, and that’s where I have a problem with him.

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I started researching his claims last year when my friend and mentor Sergeant Major John Larsen (US Army, retired) told me about this guy making some incredible claims about being a sniper in Vietnam and selling his book at gun shows. Fortunately, I had learned how to do this research from B.G. Burkett, from his excellent book, Stolen Valor, and his website www.stolenvalor.com. Matters came to a head Memorial Day 2009, when I read a news story about how Boyd was asked to address a veteran’s group in his persona as Litefoot the unsung sniper hero. A local fireman was interviewed about how he brought his two kids with him to see a “real veteran.” Now of course, since Boyd says he worked for the Central Intelligence Agency, there is no record of any of this. I’m going to say this for the first and last time. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof and the burden of that proof is on the person making the claims. There’s this notion by people brought up learning about Special Operations from movies and television shows that someone can be completely covert. The thing is, in the military, you can’t just have someone cease to exist. They still have to be accounted for; they have to be fed, housed and paid. Unit commanders have to account for their personnel. Flight manifests are made for aircraft passengers. People in Top Secret assignments have Top Secret sections of their personnel files where they receive personnel evaluations, records of training received and the like. In my own career I attended schools the purpose of which were classified SECRET and compartmentalized with code words. I still had travel orders and receipts from those experiences. My Sergeant major had a daily duty roster that listed me as on Temporary Duty. But you get the point. That said, there are a number of documentable, factual errors I will be pointing to that should prove to a reasonable person that Robert Boyd was NOT a sniper in Vietnam. In the interest of full disclosure let me say that coming into Special Forces in 1978, I received a great deal of influence from Vietnam veterans, whether it was guys like SSG Rasnake or “Corky” Shelton, at Phase II Weapons, or MSG “Squirrel” Sprouse out at Camp Mackall. My first three NCOICs at the Sniper School were guys like Master Sergeants Larry Freeman, Al Davis and Rick Boucher. The aforementioned SGM Larsen is a Vietnam vet. So yeah, when anyone wants to keep selling the ragged, beat down, shell shocked, drugged-out, Viet vet loser I get sore. Enough said. I’ve identified eight claims made by Boyd in this book and have debunked each one. This is followed by a time line I put together from the copy of Boyd’s service record I obtained through the Freedom of Information Act. The time line is also heavily footnoted with references and goes to my point that Boyd’s sniper career in Vietnam is all in his head.

Litefoot Claims

• He served in Vietnam for an extended period of time. If you look at the timeline I provide, his military service record indicates overseas service in the Philippines as an Aircraft Mechanic, with no service in Vietnam.

• He received 12 weeks of sniper training from a Marine Gunnery Sergeant

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Although not a “smoking gun,” I just had to address some of the ignorance in this one. First of all is a Marine Gunnery Sergeant, outside of Drill Instructor duty in boot camp, insisting on “Sir, Yes, Sir!” responses. Not going to happen. Second is 12 weeks of in-country sniper training. Army Ranger School is 8 weeks long. Marine sniper schools are from 6-8 weeks long. The Army sniper school that was kicking off around the time of Boyd’s discharge was two weeks long. Granted, it takes time to learn how to throw sharpened roofing nails, but twelve weeks? Third is the fact a Marine sniper instructor, sometime in 1967, would be able to train someone on the use of any ART scope, much less one that didn’t exist at the time (see below). Finally, Mr. Boyd doesn’t know as much about firearms as he claims when he has the Marine Gunnery Sergeant refer to the M-14’s caliber as “three oh eight thirty caliber”. That’s as redundant as saying that he lives in a big house home! Referring to the caliber as anything but 7.62mm NATO raises yet another flag.

• He used an M21 rifle with a “super secret” ART II scope. This fact alone should be enough to discredit his story to even the most die-hard supporter. Simply put, prior to 1978, there was NO SUCH THING as an ART II scope “super secret” or otherwise. If you look at the time line I provide, just looking at the time Boyd was stationed in the Philippines, there were only ten hand built ART I scopes in Vietnam and I have the document where they are all accounted for. But more to the point, these were what we now call ART I scopes. The first 65 production ART I scopes didn’t even arrive until over a month after he was discharged from the Air Force! By the way, when initially developed and fielded the ART scope in connection with Army sniping was classified CONFIDENTIAL not SECRET or TOP SECRET. Meanwhile, Jim Leatherwood was patenting his principles and having them featured in popular magazines of the day. I have the now unclassified documents that show all of this, for anyone who is interested. And once more and for the last time, it wasn’t the ART II scope, photos of which he included in his book and on his website. Just to clarify, this is the ART II scope he claimed to use and of which he includes photographs in his book and on his website:

While he was in the Philippines, the Army was experimenting with ten hand-made examples of what was known as the ART (which by the way means Adjustable Ranging Telescope or Telescopic), which looked like this:

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After Boyd’s discharge, the first 65 copies of the above ART I scope arrived in Vietnam. When he claims to have used an ART II scope, he’s lying. Looking at the timeline and the references I used to make it, he wouldn’t have had an XM21 named “Headstone” or anything for that matter. Oh, by the way, the picture he has on his website of “Headstone” lying on a green rug? I wondered why he would have such a fancy rug in a hooch somewhere in Southeast Asia, so I went to Google Images and just typed in “M21.” Lo and behold the 10th hit was the exact same picture Boyd used on his website, except the website was Snipercentral.com and the photo was credited to Sergeant Major Pantono.

• He designed the two-point mounting system for the ART II scope.

This is another thing that really ticks me off. Reading Peter Senich’s terrific book, “The Long Range War,” we find that Boyd is trying to take credit for the work of the Army Marksmanship Training Unit and people like Major Ray Orton and Master Sergeant Robert Walsh who worked on the design and fabrication of the mounting system. And once again, there was no ART II scope for him to “design” this mount. Upon a close examination of the text, he is referring to something called a pivot mount scope base. Unfortunately, a brief description of Leatherwood’s Auto Ranging principle puts the lie to that too. The condensed version is that the scope is a variable power optic attached to a ballistic cam under spring tension at the rear of the scope. A variable power scope changes magnification as you twist the rear of the scope. As the image gets larger and smaller, as you adjust the magnification, you are trying to fit a standard-sized portion of the target in the reticle. In the ART I, you want to fit the top of a man’s head and his belt line (about 30”) between the two horizontal lines on the vertical crosshair:

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In the ART II reticle you want to adjust the magnification until the top and bottom of a one-meter target (top of head to the groin) fits the thickness of the heavy portion of the horizontal crosshair:

Now, while you are twisting the magnification control on the scope, the cam on the back of the scope is turning at the same time, raising and lowering the back of the scope to compensate for the ballistic trajectory of the bullet, so the front of both models of scope need to pivot in the front and the rear needs to move up and down. A conventional scope base would hardly be suited for this application. The range settings are on the cam, so when Boyd references adjusting the elevation knob in the text, he’s making it up. Also on page 128, he refers to changing his sights from 250 meters to 225 meters. Apart from the fact that ballistically there isn’t that much difference between a sight setting of 225 and 250 meters, I hate to tell Litefoot that neither ART scope can be set for below 300 meters.

6

• He used his own sniper dialogue when acting as a sniper.

I’ve been a military and police sniper instructor for almost 25 years and I’ve never heard a more confusing sniper dialogue in that time. For all of Boyd’s claims to have an Auto Ranging scope using the Leatherwood design, he still quotes Tom Berenger in the laughable movie “Sniper” by commanding his spotter, Buck, to “Range me.” Then there’s the curious Safe-fire dialogue. Windage calls are a weather report followed by “Adjust one click left.” Boyd describes reaching up to adjust the windage and elevation knobs on his scope on page 124. If I could direct your attention back to the pictures I hasten to point out that neither scope has knobs. Those are dust covers for slotted elevation and windage adjustments to be used for zeroing. The ART I had the vertical lines on the horizontal crosswire and the ART II had dots subtending 60 inches at the range for which it was set. Those were for windage hold offs. Speaking of Tom Berenger in that movie I can’t help but notice Boyd advocating “One shot two kills,” just like in the movie. Curious.

• He was ready to go on and then backed up Carlos Hathcock on his mission to snipe an enemy general officer. I’m going to be treading on dangerous ground here, but first let me point out that the time lines don’t match up. According to Charles Henderson’s biography of Hathcock, it took place just before he rotated home in April 1967. According to Boyd’s service record, he didn’t even arrive in the Philippines until 8 July 1967. Second, ever since Henderson’s account came out, there has been a growing consensus that whoever Hathcock shot that day wasn’t a General. In fact, the late Lieutenant General Ormond R. Simpson, USMC (ret)(and no relation), who was the 1st Marine Division commander in December 1968, is quoted by author Michael Lee Lanning in his book Inside the Crosshairs as saying, “First, we never had a fix on a NVA Division Command Post. Second, if we had, we damn sure wouldn’t have sent one sniper when we had 176 tubes of artillery and all the possible air we needed.” Add to that the only reference to this happening is Henderson. Unlike us the North Vietnamese didn’t have a lot of Generals and they can account for how every one of them died during the war. For instance, although I’ve found that General Nguyễn Chí Thanh died of a heart attack 7 July 1967 (he planned the Tet Offensive), no one has ever shown me credible evidence that Hathcock shot a General. But what is most significant for our purposes is that Boyd thinks it happened. In the book he’s discussing it as an upcoming operation, but he was still in the States!

• He dined on Meals, Ready to Eat (MREs) while in Vietnam It’s just stupid stuff like this that stands out to someone who served in the Army from the late 70’s. I remember when MREs were issued for the first time and it was a pretty big deal then. If you note on the time line, MREs weren’t actually adopted until 1975 when the National Stock Number was assigned, and they weren’t issued until we had depleted existing stocks of C-Rations (which I was still eating in the 80’s). There was a Food Packet, Long Range Patrol (LRP ration) available since 1964, but he clearly states he

7

was eating MREs and LRPs and even lists them in the glossary. First, he was using a scope that didn’t exist and now eating rations that didn’t exist. See a pattern?

• He improved the Ghillie suit and used it throughout Vietnam, even teaching Carlos

Hathcock how to use one. Back when I was on active duty I visited the Canadian Master Sniper School in Gagetown. While there I ran into the instructors who were there when Gunnery Sergeant Hathcock, Major Dick Culver and others visited their school, while they were in the process of standing up the Marine School at Quantico. There were also liaison trips with the Royal Marine Commandos and their sniper school in England. Basically, that’s how the idea of the Ghillie suit entered the food chain in American sniping. There are no photos of anyone using a Ghillie suit in Vietnam and with good reason. No matter how many vents you cut in it, you’re either going to die of heat exhaustion or snag on every “wait a minute vine” from here to eternity.

Litefoot Timeline 24 March 1965 Boyd Enters Air Force @ Lackland AFB, TX1 11 May 1965 Boyd attends Aircraft Mechanic Course 43131 @ Chanute AFB, IL2 14 October 1965 Marine Corps sniper team in I Corps makes first sniper kill in Vietnam3 18 October 1965 Two prototype Bushnell scopes shipped to 1st Cavalry Div in Vietnam4 20 October 1965 Assigned 4442 Organizational Maintenance Squadron, Sewart AFB, TN5 3 October 1966 Hathcock joins CPT Land @ 1st MARDIV in Vietnam6 19 April 1967 US Army Vietnam announces plans to evaluate sniping operations7 April 1967(?) Events in “Stalking the General” allegedly take place8 June 1967 The only ten ART scopes in existence begin evaluation in Vietnam9 8 July 1967 Assigned 774 TCS, Mactan Isle Airfield, Philippines10 October 1967 ART scope evaluation ends in Vietnam11 23 October 1967 Boyd graduates Aircraft Maintenance Technical Course for the C-7A12 23 April 1968 Jim Leatherwood files patent application for Variable Power Sighting

Scope13 1 Boyd Service Record obtained through FOIA. All listings from the service record will be in italics. 2 Boyd Service Record 3 The Marines in Vietnam 1965: The Landing and the Buildup: The Landing and the Buildup, 1965; by Jack Shulimson & Major Charles M. Johnson, USMC; HISTORY AND MUSEUMS DIVISION, HEADQUARTERS, U.S. MARINE CORPS 4 U.S. ARMY LAND WARFARE LABORATORY. VOLUME II. APPENDIX B. TASK SHEETS; by J. E. Mortland; Prepared for: Army Land Warfare Laboratory; June 1974 5 Boyd Service Record 6 “Marine Sniper: 93 Confirmed Kills”; by Charles Henderson; 1986 7 Final Report - Sniper Operations and Equipment (ACG-87/67I) dated 23 February 1968 8 “Marine Sniper: 93 Confirmed Kills”; by Charles Henderson; 1986 9 Final Report - Sniper Operations and Equipment (ACG-87/67I) dated 23 February 1968 10 Boyd Service Record 11 Final Report - Sniper Operations and Equipment (ACG-87/67I) dated 23 February 1968 12 Boyd Service Record

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June 1968 AMTU arrives in Vietnam to start 9th Infantry Div sniper school14 13 July 1968 Assigned 467 Combat Support Group, Mactan AB, Philippines15 12 August 1968 Returned from overseas16 3 September 1968 Boyd discharged from the Air Force at Travis AFB, California17 24 October 1968 First 65 ART scopes are shipped to Vietnam18 7 November 1968 First 9th Infantry Division snipers assigned to battalions 19 November 1968 First 9th Infantry Division sniper kill19 20 2 January 1969 2d Bn/327th/101st Airborne Div initiates sniper operations in Vietnam21 14 February 1969 XM21 rifle goes into full-scale production22 May 1969 Hathcock begins second tour of Vietnam23 May 1969 Army announces the “new” ART I scope24 September 1969 101st Airborne Division opens sniper school25 17 September 1969 Hathcock caught in ambush; suffers burns26 18 September 1969 Army Weapons Command announces the XM21 rifle27 25 January 1975 Meal, Ready to Eat (MRE) enter the system28 June 1980 First Leatherwood ART II scopes are sold to the Army29

13 Patent #3492733 awarded 3 Feb 1970 14 Sharpening the Combat Edge: The Use of Analysis to Reinforce Military Judgment; by LTG Julian Ewell, US Army and COL Ira Hunt, US Army; 1974 15 Boyd Service Record 16 Boyd Service Record 17 Boyd Service Record 18 U.S. ARMY LAND WARFARE LABORATORY. VOLUME II. APPENDIX B. TASK SHEETS 19 Sharpening the Combat Edge: The Use of Analysis to Reinforce Military Judgment; by LTG Julian Ewell, US Army and COL Ira Hunt, US Army; 1974 20 Also listed in another source as 10 November. The point is it was after Boyd’s discharge 21 Operational Report - Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 101st Airborne Division, Period Ending 31 January 1969 (U) 22 “The Long Range War: Sniping in Vietnam”; by Peter Senich; 1994 23 “Marine Sniper: 93 Confirmed Kills”; by Charles Henderson; 1986 24 “Army Lab adds ART to Sniping”; by Franklin Owens; American Rifleman magazine; May, 1969 25 Senior Officer Debriefing Report_101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), Period 25 May 1969 to 25 May 1970 26 “Marine Sniper: 93 Confirmed Kills”; by Charles Henderson; 1986 27 “Dope Bag: Army Sniper Rifle”; American Rifleman; December 1969 28 Summary of Operational Rations; Natick Labs; 1982 29 “The Long Range War: Sniping in Vietnam”; by Peter Senich; 1994

National Personnel Records CenterMilitary Personnel Records, 9700 Page Avenue St. Louis, Missouri 63132-5100

March 12, 2009

JOHN SIMPSON

RE:

Dear Sir:

Veteran's Name: BOYD, Robert ASN: 19832480Request Number: 1-5269410782

Thank you for contacting the National Personnel Records Center. We are providing thereleasable military service information based on restrictions imposed by the military servicesconsistent with Department of Defense regulations and the provisions of the Freedom ofInformation Act and the Privacy Act of 1974. Releasable information has been transcribed,photocopied, or a combination of both, in order to comply with your request.

If additional information is needed, the Privacy Act of 1974 requires the written consent(signature) of the individual to whom the record pertains. If the individual is deceased we musthave the written consent of the next of kin. The next of kin is defined as: unremarried widow orwidower, son, daughter, father, mother, brother or sister.

If you have questions or comments regarding this response, you may contact us at 314-801-0800or by mail at the address shown in the letterhead above. If you contact us, please reference theRequest Number listed above. If you are a veteran, or a deceased veteran's next of kin, pleaseconsider submitting your future requests online by visiting us at http://vctrecs.archives.goy.

We Value OurD Veterans' Privacy

'''''~ Let liS kllow if we IlI/vefailed to protect it.

TTERRELLch"ves Technician (3A)

Enc1osure(s)

National Archives and Records Administrationhttp://www.nara.gov/regional/stlouis.html

INFORMATION RELEASABLE UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACTName

ROBERT ALAN BOYDBranch of Service and Serial/Service Number(s)

AIR FORCE (19832480)Dates of Service

MARCH 24, 1965 TO SEPTEMBER

Duty StatusDISCHARGED

Rank/GradeAIRMAN

SalaryN/A

Source of CommissionN/A

Promotion Sequence NumberN/A

Assignments and Geographical LocationsSEE ATTACHED

Military EducationSEE ATTACHED

3, 1968

Decorations and AwardsSMALL ARMS EXPERT MARKSMANSHIP RIBON, NATIONAL DEFENSE SERVICE MEDAL

Transcript of Court-Martial TrialNOT IN FILE

PhotographN/A

Place of EntrySEATTLE, WASHINGTON

Place of SeparationTRAVIS AIRFORCE BASE FAIRFIELD, CALIFORNIA

FOR DECEASED VETERAN ONLY

Place of Birth

Date of Death

Location of Death

Place of Burial

NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NA FORM 13164 (Rev. 02-02)

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ring touches a scoring ring on the targetthe shot is scored the higher value. Because there is little optical distortion,chance of error in use is small.

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One of the most bothersome problemswith which a rifle shooter must cope ishow much to hold over game at unknown ranges to compensate for bulletdrop. Range-adjustable sights are onesolution, but their use requires theshooter to judge range with fair accuracy. And if he cannot judge distancewell at longer shooting ranges and looksfor a mechanical aid, he soon learnsthat portable range finders are not usually sufficiently accurate or are too largefor handy use.

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stated to automatically compensate forbullet drop within one minute of angle.This is accomplished with an unusualcombination of range-finding reticle andcompensating elevation cam working onthe scope mount.

The scope is a conventional fixedmagnification, 6X sight with black finished lightweight alloy body and eyepiece tubes. The objective end is enlarged to accommodate th,e objectivelenses, rather than being a separate piecefastened to the body tube. A ring screwing to the outside of the enlarged end ofthe scope secures the objective lenses.At the rear, the scope tube also is enlarged to provide a secure mounting forthe reticle. To this, the eyepiece screwswith quick-pitch threads.

Adjustments are accomplished withcoin-slotted knobs for windage and elevation. The knobs are marked for direction of rotation, and the graduated ringssurrounding them may be moved tozero index after the rifle is sighted-in.Serrated-edge dust covers are providedfor the adjustment knobs.

Three crosswires

The reticle is unusual. Its aimIngportion is a conventional crosswire withflat-topped posts at both sides and thebottom, although these are too far apartto be of much usefulness for sightingat game. In the upper half of the fieldare 2 additional crosswires. These arethe range-finder part of the drop-compensating system.

The upper crosswire is movable. Turning a ring on the outside of the scopeat the rear raises or lowers the uppercrosswire. This ring is turned until theimage of an I8"-high target, the averagechest depth of most big game animalsestimated by the scope's maker, just fitsbetween them. Even though the adjustment ring is grooved around the raisedV2" of its 3;4" width, a knob that movesfrom about one o'clock to 5 o'clock(from the rear) is provided to make

Specifications

REALIST LEATHERWOODAUTO/RANGE RIFLESCOPE

Type: Hunting telescope sight with bul-let drop adjustment

Actual Magnification: 6.3XField of View At 100 Yds.: 16ft.Eye Relief: 35/a"Body Tube Diameter: 1"Objective Tube Diameter: 1.7"Eyepiece Tube Diameter: 1.43"Length: 145/8"

Weight: 1 lb. 33/8 ozs. with mountValue of Click Dr Graduation: 3/4 minute

of anglePrice: $99.89 with mount and trajectory

cam

adjustments easier.Fastened with 2 slotted screws to the

forward section of the adjustment ringis a replaceable cam acting against anextension of the mount base rail. As thering is turned to adjust the upper crosswires for range, the eccentric cam raisesor lowers the scope to compensate forthe bullet's drop at the range of the target. Total vertical displacement of thescope at the cam is small, about .017"on the first scope tested. Factory literature states that the cams, for a numberof different cartridges, are made to specifications derived from firing tests "froma 26" barrel". What prompted Realist toadopt this inappropriate length as astandard, when most sporting rifles haveshorter barrels, is perplexing.

Obviously, the scope cannot be usedas a range compensator with any othermount. And, the mount, which is supplied with the scope, is unusual.

Essentially, it consists of 2 bars each ..fastened to a flat spring between them.The upper bar has raised portions atfront and rear in which the scope rests,secured by steel front and rear ringsfastened with 2 screws at each side. Thespring permits the scope to tilt up ordown as the eccentric cam is turned.

Along its sides, the lower bar, or baserail, is contoured to fit the dovetails in apair of base blocks which attach tothe rifle receiver conventionally with 2

THE AMERICAN RIFLEMAN

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AVAILABLE AT BONA FIDE LICENSED GUN DEALER STORES ONLY.For free brochure, write Department 3AR9

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Britain Devalues PoundYou uelll1ese new low prices on BSA

fIIEW BSA METEOR SUPER AIR RIFLE.MADE TO SELL AT $49.95. NOW ONLY $29.95.At last an air riffle with the looks and features of a high powered sportingrifle. Muzzle velocities higher than gas operated. With positive shooting shotto shot zero. Adjustable trigger with crisp, light pull. Action grooved for tip-offscope mounts. Sporting rifle sights. Scandinavian beech stock. Ventilated recoilpad. Packed in permanent molded carton "kit" that includes pellets, targets, target holder and lubricant. .177 or .22 caliber.

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FAMOUS BSA MONARCH DELUXE HUNTINGRIFLE. WAS $119.00. NOW $149.95.

Why is BSA the world's most advanced bolt action rifle? Take the receiver alone.Machined through 62 separate stages. Then there's the recessed bolt face thatgives complete enclosure of cartridge case head. Plus gas proof housing. Jessopschromoly steel barrel spillbored with grooves cut individually to ensure perfectconcentricity. Receiver drilled and tapped for standard scope mounts. Fully adjustable trigger. Calibers: 30/06 Springfield, 270 Winchester, 308 Winchester, 243Winchester, 222 Remington, and 7mm Magnum.

A true goose hunter's dream. Three full daysof the best goose hunting in North America.Package includes air transportation from basecamp to James Bay, food, accommodation andexperienced guides. Starting Sept. 15 to 30.Limited accommodations, so don't delay. Forrates and information, write or phone: WhiteRiver Air Services Ltd., White River, Ontario,Canada, (Area code 807) 822-2222.

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PETERSON'S LABELSLiberty Corners, New Jersey 07938

screws each. Blocks are made to fit avariety of rifles. At the front of the railon the left side is a series of lugs. Whenthe scope is positioned in the blocks forcorrect eye relief, a number of theselugs engage the front base clamp to prevent the scope shifting back and forthfrom recoil.

To be sure, this mount is not simple.Nor are the mount and the long scopeparticularly attractive to some viewers.This, however, is much a matter of individual opinion.

The first scope tested is opticallygood. In tests by the Technical Staff,extremely little evidence of optical faultscould be seen. The image is bright andclear, and the scope is capable of resolving detail that is finer than can be madeout by the eye of its user. Its nearly5Vz mm.-diameter exit pupil is adequately large for seeing the target undereven dim light conditions. Field of view,16 ft. at 100 yds., is normal for a scopeof this magnification.

Replaceable cam (arrow) of Auto/Rangescope bears against extension of mountbase rail. Turning ring with knob movescam to raise or lower scope.

Tested for effective sealing

As the maker claims "weatherproofconstruction", sealing effectiveness, theproperty of a scope to resist entrance ofdirt and moisture laden air, was testedby immersing the scope in water heatedto 135°F. This heats the gas within thescope, causing the gas to expand. Thenif there are any avenues along which itcan escape, the gas makes itself knownby a stream of bubbles rising throughthe water. A steady but slow stream ofbubbles from a small leak beneath theobjective lens collar indicated a lack ofeffective sealing at that location.

Some hesitation of the adjustmentsystem in following changes was noticed.Also, on some occasions-witnessed by2 observers-the elevation adjustmenthung near maximum travel and did notfollow adjustment changes at all untiljarred. And, the adjustments are a bitstiff for comfortably making accurate

SEPTEMBER 1968

capable of shooting 5-shot groups of 11;4minutes of angle or under consistentlyexcellent accuracy for a short, lightbarrel. Initial shooting was done fromsandbags at bench-rest by 2 skilledmarksmen at ranges from 100 to 500yds. The last series was shot from prone.

NRA shooting tests were conductedover several days. Target for the firsttest series was an 18" black circle onpaper about 4 ft. square. Later testingwas done with targets made with 18"crosses on 4-ft. square paper.

But, with the specified ammunition,group centers were high enough to missa game target of 18" through the brisketfrom about 325 to 450 yds. during oneseries of tests, and just barely wouldhave nicked it at these ranges duringthe prone series-although many individual shots forming the groups wouldhave missed.

In following the scope manufacturer'srecommended sighting-in procedure, itwas noticed that the range-finding crosswires cover a greater vertical amountthan the 18" aiming mark when at thelowest setting for sighting-in at 100 yds.Shooting was tried both by adjustingzero in this way and by adjusting thescope to bracket the target at 100 yds.to sight-in. However, the rifle still shotsignificantly high at extended range.

When adjusted for shooting at 400meters, the maximum travel of the adjustment ring was used and no furtheradjustment for 500-yd. shooting waspossible. This brought the group centersback down reasonably close to the pointof aim at 500 yds.

These results were hardly compatiblewith the claims made for the Auto!Range Scope. Consequently, a secondscope was requested from Realist withmount bases for a Remington 40X rifleso it could be tested on an accurate cal..308 Winchester heavy bench-rest rifle.Because the note "Partial List" is givenon the cam availability list in the scopeowner's manual, a cam in this caliberfor W-W 150-gr. Power Point ammunition was requested, even though thiscam is not among those listed. The desired cam was not available, and a cam

THE AMERICAN RIFLEMAN

DO PE BAG continued

Mounted on Winchester M70

The first Auto! Range scope suppliedNRA for test is fitted with a cam forcal. .30-'06 cartridges with 150-gr. Remington Core-Lokt and Winchester Silvertip bullets or equivalent, and with basesfor a Winchester Model 70 rifle. Forfiring tests, the scope was mounted on alate series, and little fired Model 70 riflewith a 22" sporterweight barrel. Withselected ammunition, this rifle proved

small changes with a coin. Althoughboth in the instruction manual accompanying the scope and inside the adjustment dust caps, the value of one graduation is given as one m.o.a. (minute ofangle, equal approximately to one inchat 100 yds.) the graduations of thescope tested represent 3A m.o.a.

The occasional hesitation in followingadjustment changes was observed againduring field firing tests. When small corrections had been made to sight-in at100 yds., sometimes a change was notapparent in point of impact of the firstshot. But the second and following shotswould be displaced. Thus, it would seemthat a 'settling shot', fired off the target,is advisable after making an adjustmentchange before shooting to sight-in isresumed.

In their literature, the makers of thisscope several times point out that eachadjustment cam may be used only withammunition which they specify or withits equivalent. This is because differentmakes with bullets of the same weightmay have different muzzle velocities.And bullets of the same weight that havedifferent shapes are slowed in flight byair resistance at different rates. Bulletdrop at any range is a function of bothmuzzle velocity and remaining velocity,so it is clear that the scope manufacturer's recommendations for loads andbullets must be followed.

Effectively, this rules out the use ofhandloads for hunting with this scope,unless the handloader has the facilitiesand energy to shoot enough at extendedranges to develop completely reliablebullet drop data.

Mounting system of the Realist Auto/Range scope is unusual.

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MARK III BSA .22 CALIBER TARGET RIFLEwith the highest degree of accuracy, fine work·manship, and complete comfort-the "ultra" intarget weapons, less sights $245.001413 ANSCHUTZ RIFLE $325.00#150 Oaisy/Feinwerkbau .177 Air Rifle $169.75#810 Hy·Score .177 Oly. Int. Target Rifle $139.95

"MR. CAIRO" PALM REST ._. " 521.50Freeland SWISS TYPE Palm Rest from" ~ __ $21.50Freeland SUPERIOR FRON-r SIGHT . __ .. ., ._ 516.00Freeland TUBE REAR SIGHT • $46.50

~m!m it~~~~{fl~~~u{ot:Ob~~::::~~~~:::~~~~:N~nFreeland ALL ANGLE: TRIPOD HAAT $20.75Freeland OLYMPIC BIPOD, O.B. . __ $23.75Freeland REGAL 61 POD with "saddle" or

"JuR" for Z00nl S,'opes, m.ention which $2G.75lVHEN ORDERING SCOPE STANDS, MENTION SCOPEFreeland BENCH REST STAND SBRI $23.50FREELAND FOAM·PADDED GLOVE $ 5.85FREELAND JUMBO liFSA FORE·END STOPS,

FROM (Mention Gun, ·PZ-~a~-e)---------- -- $ 5.75

FREELAND KNEELING PAD _. .__ $ 6.00F~J:""'L/)Nf) CEDIlRWOOI") f'lEWAR r.ART. BLK. S 3.00

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Freeland's Scope Stands, Inc.

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4X for ranges$9989to 350 yds. 6X _for ranges to500 yds. Com-plete with mount rings and rail.specified trajectory cam and bases.MADE IN U. S. A.

StateCity

Send free riflescope catalog and names of dealers near me.

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Fastest-aiming variable - performance far beyond thestandards of comparable scopes for only $69.50. 15-lensoptical system provides unsurpassed brightness, extremelywide 65' field of view, large 15mm exit pupil.

REALIST RIFlESCOPESP.O. Box 67, Dept. AR-89Menomonee Falls, Wis. 53051

For shorter ranges-all-purpose 1Y2J4Y2X BrushScope

custom cams for most popularbullet calibers and weights arereadily available. Figure (l) isa representation of cam configuration for use with a 30.06cartridge of relatively high trajectory. Figure (II) illustratesconfiguration for a flatter-trajectory cartridge, like a 7mmRemington magnum.Auto/Range Scope Specifications. Both 4X and 6Xmodels have 9-lens optical systems, hard-coated for maximum brightness; constant-centered reticles; exclusive "TrueFocus" eyepiece; micro elevation and windage adjustment;construction that's fog proof, magnum shockproof. 4X modelhas 31' field of view at 100 yds; 3-5" eye relief; 8.5mm exitpupil. 6X model has 20' field of view at 100 yds; 3-5" eyerelief; 6.2mm exit pupil.RifJescopes for every need - quality assured by Realist.Fixed power Apache .22 models (4X and 6X) from $9.95.Fixed power big-game models (2:6X, 4X, 6X) from $49.75.Big-game variables (1 y>/4:6X and 3/9X) from $69.50.All with American- made reliability. All with precision lenssystems for maximum brightness, wide field of view, widelatitude eye relief. ALL WITH LIFETIME OWNERSHIPINSURANCE - coverage against all hazards including totaldestruction or loss. (If lost or damaged beyond repair, wesupply new scope at one-half our suggested retail price.)

Auto /Range is All Automatic. 1. Spot your target inyour Auto/Range scope. 2. Turning the knob on the rangering moves the top stadia wire, allowing you to bracketvital target area between the wires. This simultaneouslyrotates the trajectory cam, tilting the scope to compensatefor bwllet drop. 3. Now aim with the center crosshair the cam has made your elevation correction. SQUEEZE OFFYOUR SHOT WITHOUT GUESSING, WITHOUT"HOLDINGOVER". By contrast, the best you get with so-called "rangefinding" scopes is an estimate - you still have to guessand "hold over".The capacity for accuracy of a new Auto/Range scope(within 1 minute of angle) far exceeds the shooting precisionof most rifles and ammunition. It makes every shooter abetter marksman at any range.Covered by U.S. Patent No. 3,340,614, Auto/Range designrepresents the biggest advance in riflescopes in over acentury. And it's backed by American craftsmanship ... theprecision and reliability that accounts for Realist leadershipamong U. S. makers of surveying instruments and fineoptical products.Customized trajectory cam designs are the key to automatic compensation for bullet drop. Configuration of everycam model is matched to specific bullet caliber, weight andtype (calculated by means of actual firing tests and bulletdrop measurements, not by published ballistic computations).Cams can be interchanged in seconds, so that Auto/Rangescopes may be used with a variety of cartridges. Separate

HERE'S HOW IT WORKS:The range-compensating function is based on sightingat a known object 18" high (shoulder-to-brisket spanof most big-game animals, total body area of manyvarmints). Key to bullet-drop compensation is thetrajectory cam (A) that is attached to the rotatingrange ring (B) and pivots on the special mount rail (C).As the range ring is turned to bracket the 18" targetarea, the cam also turns - tilting the scope toeffect an elevation correction.

No more "hold-over" guesstimating ... at any range up to 500 yards

New 100% American-made Realist Auto/Range ScopesAUTOMATICALLY

COMPENSATEFOR BULLET DROP

74

Such may not always be the case in thetield, and the problem of range adjustment then is more complicated.

It cannot be denied that the RealistAuto/ Range scope sight is an unusuallyinteresting concept. And, it is a worthwhile step toward solving one of themost troublesome problems the hunterwith a rifle must face. It suggests possibilities for future scope design.

But, the scope itself lacks some mechanical refinements. Positive adjustments for instance, would spare a lot oftrouble when sighting-in, even thoughthis chore is not required frequently.

And, because the Auto/ Range scopeis different in use from other scopesights, it is not felt to be a completesolution to the range finding-bullet dropproblem for every hunter. Range-judging ability plus knowledge of his rifleand cartridge's down-range drop characteristics have been stressed for manyyears as essential parts of a sportsman'sskills. In truth, developing such knowledge is for many hunters a solid partof their enjoyment.

However, for the Realist Auto/Rangescope to be useful to him, a hunter mustbe assured that it works as desired onhis own rifle. Unlike sighting-in a conventional scope at moderate range, between 100 and 200 yds" and then depending on knowledge and skill to makehits on game in the field, to be sure thathe would not waste his valuable timeatield, a hunter would be wise to rangetest an Auto-Range scope at distancesto 500 yds. well in advance of his hunt.Not every rifleman has access to a rangewhere such long-distance shooting ispossible, and this must be a factor included in the decision to purchase thisscope. He must also consider whetherthe game in the field will give time foradjustment of the scope.

Manufactured by: Realist Inc., N93W16288 Megal Dr" Menomonee Falls,Wis. 53051.

Roth Cartridge CarrierOffered in 2 versions formany different cartridges

Cartridges are frequently carriedloose in pockets, but it is generallymore satisfactory to carry them in hold-

Roth cartridge carrier loaded with .38Special cartridges.

THE AMERICAN RIFLEMAN

DOPE BAG continued

for Remington Core-Lokt and WoWSilvertip bullets was supplied.

Technical Staff tests showed the second scope to be optically equivalent tothe tirst, as far as its user is concerned.(A careful test for resolution, althoughstill better than the human eye can seeaided by the scope, gave results less thanthe tirst scope by a signiticant amount.)Value of its adjustment graduations alsois 3,4 m,o.a. In the immersion test, alack of effective sealing beneath therange adjustment ring was indicated byfast bubbling,

Testing continued with the secondscope and the ammunition for the camas specified by the scope manufacturer. Again, some difficulty was had inmaking the adjustments follow changesduring sighting-in. However, with thesecond scope the ranging crosswiresbracketed the 18" aiming mark at 100yds, when at lowest setting.

Realist mentioned incidentally thatthis second scope embodied improvements in the reticle, They had foundthat shock test separated the rangingcrosswires of some scopes, and therefore strengthened the system. Clearly,this was the trouble that prolongedshooting had brought out in the firstAuto/ Range scope tested, for the secondcompensated for different ranges justabout as it is claimed to do.

At 200 meters, shots were dead onpoint of aim. At 300 meters, the groupcenter was 21,'l" high for 2 groups firedon the same target at different times,and which had the same center of impact. At 400 meters, group center was15/s " high. At 500 yds. 2 shooters tiredat the target, with a uniform group forboth centering about 4 112" high. In short,all shots fired would have hit a gametarget 18" through the brisket.

Time needed to adjust

Some time is needed to adjust thescope so the range-tinding crosswirestouch the top and bottom of a targeteven when this is done with the riflesupported by sandbags on a steadybench-rest. For a practical estimate ofadjustment time, the rifle was carriedby one of 2 shooters while walking tothe shooting station, Then he signaledto start timing, A conventional shootingposition for game was assumed, kneeling or sitting, the scope adjusted, andtiring began, Timing stopped when thetirst shot was fired. This was then doneby the second shooter. The average timerequired to do this was about 29 seconds. Time to adjust at bench-rest wasabout the same.

A test such as this presumes that thegame remains stationary and presents astanding broadside target or nearly so,and that the view of it is not obstructed.

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Hunt small gamewith your pistolReady for loading instandard shells. Tightshot patterns up to 60feet. Ideal for smallgame, snakes, varmints.

Encapsulated designassures close pattern

'Shot Caps' have 40% moreshot than ordinary loadingmethods. Effective power atgreater distance. Will notharm barrel or rifling. H. P.White Laboratory tests showpressures below standards.

"NO-FUMBLE" SHELL HOLDERSUnhreftknhle flexihle plastic fil'mly grips cartridg-e hase to f(Will neat packs. Handy wayto ,an"y "'gun-full" of shells in pocket, readyjor use. Keeps "special" loads separated.Reusable indefinitely. Two ~jzes: .38 Spec.!

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Standard 'Shot Caps' loaded with No.9 shot. 6'sand 71j, 's also available. Cash. check or moneyorder. No stamps, please. Include your Zip CodeNumber to assure prompt del ivery.U. S. Patent No. 3179051

Order Now! Postage PrepaidBox of 50 with loading instructions

38 Special. . $4.95.357 Magnum. 4.9544 Magnum . 5.9545 Colt. . . 5.9545 A. C. P. . . 5.95

REMCO COMPANY1404 WHITESBORO STREET

UTICA, NEW YORK 13502

REMCO 'Shot Caps'make your pistol a shotgun

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Now They're Making aAdjust two wires to bracket your target, and a camautomatically sets the scope lor correct range

Br 'AUl WAHL

An lnl<:niouo .dju.tableoJ,ht IMr. booen Mi"ing up. good ""'I01 e,cil.......,l in hunling cirde& I\0OI

""""'" in " I\'IOXl(,ltaikwed 10 lbe .""'"'",."... .talker. Th" u..11"" .ood Aulo!1.. I 'OP\l'A/l SCIE>iU

Rance, made br R<IIlliM, Inc., ",ill JK'OV"• b_.... 10 any bunter who'. ever ""'d"• b!Id _ .bout trojectory on • longohot. Bullet drop-the down",ard path101_ by " bull<:t-'- • bll head.cheto hunlft1l \OJh"" they "'" 1_ than _In.~-

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~.I!he ......." Iry to co<~t by aim·i ... hilb. uw;I hope 100" lh<t _. With itotnojodory-eompe....li ... CIOm. !hill de\li""IetI riel 01 all lhe I""""work. JlO that""'c ahoto ...n be made with the Ct<lMbat.. directly on lIJ.rret.

1100 onii,,"l 6X Auto/flgnp. introduood lMt )'f!Ilr, rom_too for Toni'"'up to 500 y_rdo. Th" .. fino for wsl<!rnhunli,. w"",,, =lzftne Ionl ohol. Or<!<:tlII\mOIl, bul it P'"OY"d to be '""'" than!he ."""'1" hWlIer r><'O>d-. The new 4}{mod~.,.,ad to 350 y.Td3, pr<:Wideo Iong.....e ao::urocy ..i!l>ou( a",kw~rdneoo (OT.....11. f-oot-""",i~g game at clooer ranle,

Ad"",t.illll !he <!<:v;e" 100" ~ Ionl .001Iakeo only ~ f_........-.u Abo>-1l the~i.... ~ ""ir of adjowble wi""that, in the 0fIen poeil~~ B--. of 18j~ on a ta,...,l 100 yord••_y. Thi... tho a""""le OOdy thick·_ frnrn ohoolder to brisket of mool10,..., pmo _ni"",1o. Tominl the knobon !heoeopo'.....nge ring bring. lhe wi_""- logethft-. To _'" lor a longmot. you rOO>.\e the knob ontillhe wi,,,,,""'deet lhe body 01 yo>tlr quarry,

RN<l)t iii ._. TI>e TBf\&e romp'''''''·lion Ilo done by lhe po=ioion cam at·tached to I"" .....e rinl and Tiding on.0 e:lltft>lion at u.... mounlinl .. ii, &ttinl tho wire. rOO>.l... tho COm. alirnin.llthe...,.,., 10~ (01 bullet dr<:>p, Nomailer whn tho ....nge. yoo'", rezody to......

The <ami a~ ...,gineeno:l aoconlinl tothe ballistic """""""'"istico of your ""'.monition. TI>ey ..,., available 100" moat_ .........rIT~ and are _y .....y toi_II.

BoIh the ~X and GX modcl...II lorabout $100, romplete with m<>Uoling rail.Additionol """'" root fi ..... dolla... The~oy ...,.. tbal varioble p<:>WCr Wlitawill ba for ...lo! 000It.

"The AulolHange w.... Inventtl<! by a26-~-old Anny captain, Jim Leather·...,.,.,.. 10 im""""" h.. own ahootinl, H~is.n _pliohed tin""",, as _11 ... an'""~ hW1\.er. and his OOlolion tothe ,"'jectoty problem ill .. simple aa itis I"l'<'t.ioal. Any hunter who'. evermutred a Jonc obot by g.-iog """"gwill thank him. IIjJ

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tOOl I -...U\~ oauoa<

CONFIDENTIAL

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYOFFICE OF THE ADJUTANT GENERAL

WASHINGTON. D.C 20310

IN RrPLY R(Et TO

AGAM-P (M) (26 Jun 69) FOR OT UT 691328 1 July 1969

SUBJECT: Operational Report - Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 101stAirborne Division, Period Ending 31 January 1969 (U)

SEE DISTRIBUTION

I. Subject report is forwArded for revitw aP4d evaluation in accordancewith paragraph 5b, AR 525-15. EvaluatiRn'9, .corrective actions shouldbe reported to ACSFOR OT UT, Operational Reports Branch, within 90 daysof receipt of covering letter.

2. Information contained in this report is provided to insure appropriatebenefits in the future from lessons learned during current operations andmay be adapted for use in developing training material.

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY:

1 Incl KENNETH G. WICKhAMas Major General, USA

The Adjutant GeneralDISTRI BL'TICN:Conmanding Generals

US Continental Army CommandUS Army Combat Developments Command

Comna ndantsUS Army War CollegeUS Army Command and General Staff CollegeUS Army Adjutant General SchoolUS Army Air Defense School

AUS Army Armor SchoolUS Army Aviation School

US Army Chaplain SchoolUS Army Chemical SchoolUS Army Civil Affairs SchoolUS Army Combat Surveillance School

US Army Engineer Sc,,oolUS Army Field Artillery School Regraded unclassified when separatedUS Army Infantry School from classified inclcsure.

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

DISTRIBUTION (Cont'd) 4

US Army IntelI igence SchoolUS Army Medical Field Service SchoolUS Army Ordnance SchoolUS Army Quartermaster SchoolUS Army Signal School

US Army Special Warfare SchoolUS Army Transportation SchoolUS Army CBR Weapons Orientation Course

Copies furnished:

Office, Chief of Staff, US ArmyDeputy Chiefs of StaffChief of Research and DevelopmentAssistant Chiefs of StaffChief of EngineersThe Sucgeon GeneralThe Provost Marshal GeneralCINC, US Strike CommandCommanding Generals

US Army Materiel CommandUS Army STRATCOMUS Army Weapons Command101st Airborne Division

Commander, US Army Forces Southern CommandJoint Action Control OfficeDirector, Weapons Systems Evaluation GroupDefense Documentation CenterSecurity Officer, Hudson InstituteCommanding Officers

US Army Limited War LaboratoryUS Army Logistics, Doctrine Systems & Readiness Agency

2

CONFIDENTIAL

I

CONFIDENTIALDEFARTMNr OF THE ARMlY

Headquarters 101st ,irbornc Division0I P San Francisco 96383

AVDG-GC 24 February 1069

SUBJECT: Operational Report - Lossons Ler.rned, 101st Airborne Divi-sion for Period Ending 31 January 1969, RCS CSFOR-65 (RI)

SEE DISTRIBUTION

The inclosed Operational Report - Lessons Learned is rorwarded incompliance with XXIV Corps Rogulation 525-2 fnd USArV Rngulrtion525-15.

FOR THE CCVA.1'NDER

1 Inci L . ". C-2.Yas Colonel, qs

Chifcf of Staff

DISTRIBUTICN:

2 - CIiNCUSARP-C (.'T.:H: PCYT-DT, :-O 96558)3 - CG, USRV (.7.i: iVHGC-DFT, PO 96375)4 - 0G, XXIV Corps (.T :'. " .VII-CCT, AO 96308)3 - CC, 101st A.irbornu Division1 - C0. 1st Bdo, 101st !.irbornc DivisionI - CO, 2d Fdo, 101st Airborne Division1 - CO, 3d BdCo, 101st .irborno DivisionI - Co, 160th A;vn Gp, 101st i'irbornc Division1 - CC, 101st Airborne Division Div ;rtyI - hCofS, GI, 101st Airborne Division1 - LCofS, 02, 101st Airborne Division

10 - ACofS, G3, 101st Airborne DivisionI - ,CofS, G4, 101st AirbornQ Divisi-n1 - ACofS, G5, 101st Airborne Division

Regraded unclassified when separatedfrom classified inclosure.

II

IoR oT u T CONFIDENTIAL0

~~A

• i m i m i i mm

CONFIDENTIAL/

AVDQ-GCStECTt Operatioml Report - Lessons Loarned, 101st Airborne Divi-

sion for Period Ending 31 January 1969, RCS CSFOR-65 (Ri)

RAO NAI River into areas near FB VEGHEL (D 552030). The operationincluded reconnaissanco in force operations and rapid combat assaultsby combined US/ARVN Forces in order to locate and destroy enesvpersonnel and materiels and the interdiction of Highway 547A*

i, Operation Ohio Rapids began on 24 January 1969 and continuesat the end of the reporting period. The 2d Battalion) 506th Infantryand elements of the lIt ARVN Regiment, .n addition to supportingartillery, combined to strike deep into the suspected base areas ofthe 6th NVA Regiment to engage and destroy their security forcesand matoriel. At the end of the rcorting period Allied Forces haddestroy'd the Corsnd Post of the 6th NVA Regiment, killed 22.eneW personnel and captured 37 individual weapons and 7 crev-served weapons.

je Night operations throughout the coastal lowlands includedambushes and night patrols. Ambushes were especially successfulin the eastern portion of PHU WO District and hamp'ered svereOTthe enemyl s attempts to gather food from the heavily populatedcoastal plains. Expecially noteorthy were ambushes during whichUS troops, after inltinting the action, pursued and hunted downthe fleeing enomy in the darknose.

k. The 2d Battalion, 327th Infantry initiated successfulsniper-scout operations on 2 January 1969 after an extensivesniper training p--oram. he snipers have accounted for 7enoan ki2.lrd at :r ngos in excess of 300 motors. A securitysqu,-d is employed with the sniper teams. The squad patrols inareas away f-:om the snipers' location as a deceptive measure.

1. The 3d rig-ado completed the rove to Camp Evans. Theymvc, stirbod i4th the deployment of the 3d Battalions 187th Infantryon 30 Octobor. Tho brigade P became operational at Evans at022200H NTovember lIi',[, and at the same time the brigade assumedoperatlorl control of the 3d Squadron (-), 5th Cavalry. T7helst Battalion, 506'th Infantry closed in the new area of oerationon 6 November, followed by the 2d Battalion, 506th Infantry on7 November. Because much of the brigade area of operation, had beenheavily booby trapped, ro.ne plow operations' were initiated toeliminate this hazard which is oosatly to us, but relativolrcheap for the eifem. In addition to the operations desoribed abovethe brigade conducted extensive reoonnaissance in force opierationsthroughout November and December along likely infltraioroutes.

5

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIALDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

OFFICE OF THE ADJUTANT GENERAL

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20310

IN RErPLY RFIFErR TO

AGDA (M) (15 Aug 69) FOR OT UT 692303 10 September 1969

SUBJECT: Operational Report - Lessons Learned, Headquarters,. II FieldS~~~~Force Vietnam, Period Ending 30 April 1969 (U) .,,..'.'",

S SEE DISTRIBUTION

in daySi• •Y ug3,'i. •r. '; ., -

I. Subject report is forwarded for review and evaluation :n accord-.nce

w.ch paragraph 5b, AR 525-15. Evaluations and corrective actions should

be reported to ACSFOR OT UT, Operational Reports Branch, within 90 days

of receipt of covering letter.

2. Information contained in this report is provided to insure appropr'ate

benefits in the future from lessons learned during current operations and

may be adapted for use in developing training material.

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY:

L. Incl ROBERT E.. LC W

as Colonel,Acting The Adjutant General

DISrRIBUTION:Commanding Generals

US Continental Army CommandUS Army Combat Developments Command .fj t3 C

Commandants t.- -

US Army War College J{Ž•L.

US Army Command and General Staff College " SEP § i"

US Army Air Defense School I .ij 'A

US Army Armor School IUS Army Aviation School 'I ~.US Army Chaplain School

US Army Chemical SchoolUS Army Civil Affairs SchoolUS Army Combat Surveillance SchoolUS Army Engineer SchoolUS Army Field Artillery School'US Army Infantry School Regraded unclassified when separatedUS Army Intelligence School from classified inclosure.

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

D)L5ISTRI BUTI'LON (Conted)

US Army Medical Field Service Sc!,,,,ol

LIS Army Military Police School

LIS Army Missile and Munitions SchoolUS Atmy rdnacu:e it ily

US Army Quarteriiuster School

US Army Security Agency School

LIS Army Signal School

LIS Army Southeastern Signal SchoolUS Army Special Warfare School

LIS Army Transportation School

US Army CBR Weapons Orientation Course

Copies furnished:Office, Chief of Staff, US Army

Deputy Chiefs of StaffChief of Research and DevelopmentAssistant Chiefs of StaffChief of EngineersThe Provost Marshal GeneralDirector of Defense Research and Engineering

Commander In Chief, US Strike CommandCommanding Generals

US Army STRATCOMII Field Force Vietnam

Commander, US Army Forces Southern CommandChief of Staff, USAFDeputy Chief of Staff, Air Force, Plans & OperationsChief of Naval OperationsCommandant of the Marine CorpsNational Aeronautics & Space AdministrationSenior Army Representative, Marine Corps Development & Education CommandProject Manager, Naval Inshore Warfare Project OfficeUSAF Air Ground Operations Schocl,Joint Action Control OfficcDirector, Weapons Systems Evaluation GroupDefense Documentation CenterResearch Analysis Corporation

Security Officer, Hudson InstituteDocuments Control Officer, Bell Aero Systems Co.Commanding Officers

US Army Limited War LaboratoryUS Army Logistics, Doe'trine Syst~ems & Readiness AgencyUS Army Aviation Test ActivityUS Army Mobility Equipment Research & Development Center

CONFIDENTIAL2

1.COIVETIA L

AVF-IJCt-ll

SUWECT: Uperatiunal Report of Headquarters, II Field Force Vietnam forPeriod Ernding 30 April 1969, RCS CSFOR - (RI) (W-DIIO-TO-A) (U)

use. This hideout is built near a stream or crater of water. Normallythis hideout has no cover; its mouth is covered by weods or grass, withsome mouths completely under the water'level.

SDuring all searches, attention must be paid to hedges, villagecorners, and edges of trails or ditches. The enemy usually constructshis hideou' at those places. From there, the enemy can observe friendlytroops, while remaining unobserved, himself. Women, who may assist the

-enemy by camouflaging the mouths of hideouts; rubbish heaps; small trailswith traces; newly cooked food; and newly discharged excrement are in-dications of the possible enemy hideouts in the area.

(c) RECOr-|.Ni)ATI4N.

"" That personnel be informed of these type hideouts as utilizedby the Viet Cong.

2 That personnel be alerted as to the specific indications of these

(7) Critical Bridre Security.

(a) OBSERVATION. III Corps bridges continue to be targets for enemyattacks.

(b) khVALUATIUN. The enenV continues his efforts to interdict lines-)f com-aunication by attempting to destroy critical bridges in III Corps.

Two such bridges are the Gant. and Rach Cat Bridges in Bien Hoa Province.,As a result of I1oi Chanh information on 25 April 1969, the 363rd 11FCompany, assigned as the security element on the two bridges, made con-tact with an estimated VC platoon on Hiep Hoa Island. The results of theaction were 12 VC KIA, eight VC captured, and three VC suspects detained.In addition to a number of weapons and radios captured, the PF seized 450pounds of TsiT, 50 feet of time fuse, six demolition floats, and foursnorkels. The VC platoon was preparing to destroy the bridges mefitionedabove.

(C) RECOti4DATIONlS. Continued emphasis be placed on the impor-tance of securing the critical bridges in III Corps.

Training. Sniper Propram.

(a) O3ýMRVATION. A, sniper program can be instituted and developedinto a valuable amet. The program has demonstrated that imaginativeuse of available Army assets can materially improve the combat postureof the command.

•(b) EVALUhTION.

I Placing snipers with ambush patrols has been the most successfulmethod of employment, with two techniqiles boing used extensively. In thefirst technique, the sniper team accompanies a platoon on an ambush/

56

CONIDEMPAL

AVFSC-Rk-HbUWLCTr Uperatiunal Report of Headquarters, II Field Force Vietnam for

Period knding 30 April 1969, RCS CSFOR - (RI) (W-DIIO-TO-A) (U)

sniper position. In the second, the team, with a security element offive to eight men, establishes an ambush/sniper position.

a When employed with a platoon ambush, the sniper team remains closeto the platoon command post. In this technique, snipers are used to enfgape

'any lone ene %y in the areaandany enerV yir- probe the ambush site, so asnot to reveal the presence of the ambush, itself. Durina the ambush,the Snipers engare the enem~y leaders and radio operators while the platoon

fires into the general kill zone. Snipers are also utilized to fire"tracers to mark the flanks of an enemy force which has ap4.roached theposition in an area other than the specified kill zone.

_b In the second technique, the sniper team and security elemernt areplaced in a carefully selected sniper/ambush position. The general areais selected by the battalion convnander who considers enemy activity andthe advice of the sniier team. The exact location, which is. occupiedjust prior to dark, is selected to provide maximum range of firu and ilocated within a reasonable distance of a friendly unit. The snipersmaintain continuous surveillance of the area, minimizing fatigue a niphtby alternating the use of the starlight scope throughout the night. Thesecurity element is equipped with 11,6's, ah 1179, and an AN/PRC-25 radio.The T79 is especially useful in forcing partially hidden enerv troops tomove and expose themselves to sniper fire.

2 .Snipers, having a long range capability, are extremely effectivein engag•ing Viet Cong who follow a Unit as it moves from one locationto another.. A sniper team with a security element is selected to pro-vide long range observation of the route over which the unit has travelled.Snipers, with their telescopic sights, are able to enga,-e Viet Cong atranges out to 900 meters. At extrem, ranges, the Viet Cong frequentlyare not cautious about their cover and concealment and, thus, presentexcellent targets for the sniper team.

2uy using a pink filter in a. xenon searchlight, an area can beilluminated with invisible light that registers in the starlight scope.This technique has been used successfully in two types of sniper activity:berm security and ambush operations.

a A sniper team with starlight scopes has been utilized with asearchlight-equipred 4 ton vehicle. The vehicle is placed approximately12 t.n .150;o rvter. frnm a road int~nrsection, thereby not alerting theee,•' In tUe kill zone by the noise of a running .ngine, tand the snipers&re -eceid alproximately 300 meters from the intersection. The snipersccrntr'l the covert illumination through radio contact. When Viet Congaipx.ar in the kill zone, they are easily engar~ed by the sniper team.

.jb The pink light/sniper combination has been successfully employedr. : cr.,ap security operations. The searchlight, mounted on al. ton

S..!...•-i., responds to radio equipped sniper tea-s in position either ona ber-a or in ambush positions outside the berm, In forward base camps,the se: rchlight remains in the center of the camp and covertly illumi-natea- .ve-ues of approach into the position. It is essential that the

57

CO~Y ,l4' 1,N ILP

-- __ - ______ -.-- --...-----. ,-.e-.---

CO01IDUTIA L

AVFBC-RE-HSUbJEC: Operational Report of Headquarters, II Field Force Vietnam for

Period Ending 30 April 1969, KCS CSFOR - (RI) (W-DHO-TO-A) (U)

sniper teams maintain radio contact with the searchlight crew.

SSniper teams are effective in countering Viet Cong sniper activity.Each team, equipped with its teleacopic sight and 149 Spotting Scope,!searchesthe area of suspected sniper act'iity. The optical equipmentpermits a detailed search of distant areas.

SNight Hunter ojerations have made extensive use of snipers tomark targets. A sniper team is placed in the lead helicopter and ob-serves the ground with starlight scopes mounted on rifles. When theenemy is sighted, the snipers engage with tracers. The gunships,following at a higher altitude, then engage the target.

(c) RECU 4hDjMTION. That commanders consider the establishment ofa sniper school and the training and employment of sniper teams.

j..,Intellip-ence. Bomb Danage Assessment.

(1) O&XRViMTIusl. The best rothod of determining the damage inflictedby a B-52 strike is ground follow-up by troops.

(2) EVMLUMTION. Because the are-a covered by aB-52 strike is quitelarge and the enemy thoroughly polices it inmediately following a strike,low level visual reconnaissance by air observers and the use of smallreconnaissance teams has not always provided the desired damage assetsment.Although there are occasions-when ground follow-up by troops may not bepossible, generally if a target is of sufficient value to warrant a B-52strike, it should be of sufficient interest to plan a ground follow-up.Also, additional intelligence gained from a g(od damage assessment willassist in future target planning.

(3) HECOi*-MiUD.TIUN. That troops be inserted tc ,erform a follow-upof all 1-52 strikes for bomb damage assessment.

1 ~e,; Loridstics.

(i) Livestock Production.

(a) OBSERVATION. The livestock production program is largely de-pendent on imported corn (Food for Pcacc) for support. Also, the qualityof hogs in Vietnam is degenerating and inefficient meat producers arethe result.

(b) T Feed grains are being irported at high cost tosupjl-ort the ;reserut livestock programs. There is a lack of rood sires(boars).

(c) RMCOl.DINDATBIN. There is a need to augment imported grain withlocal corn and sorghum. Also, gocd sires should be imported to upgradethe quality of hogs produced in III CTZ.

58

"' io'••.

Adjustable Ranging Telescopeon the long-range M14 snipingrifle is a modified RedfieldAccu-Range in a special mount.

Army LabAdds ARTTo SnipingNew scope fits theneed for long-rangefiring in VietnamBy FRANKLIN OWENS

At 300 meters the marks on the horizontal crosshair of the ART reticle (incircle at left) subtend 60'" and the marks on the vertical crosshair subtend 30'".

THE Army has a new sniping telescope, the Adjustable Ranging

Telescope (AR1). Developed by theU. S. Army Limited War Laboratory,it meets a requirement for accuratelong-range sniping equipment whichhas arisen in our fighting in Vietnam.

The Limited \Var laboratory was established in 1962 to circumvent thelong delay between recognition of a requirement for new materiel and finaldelivery of the hardware to the soldierin the field. To accomplish this, it hasassembled an array of technical, engineering. and scientific talent who havebeen given license to "think for themselves".

Late in 1965 the Laboratory wasasked to investigate a new sightingprinciple invented by Capt. Jim Leatherwood. when he was a lieutenant stationed at Ft. Benning, Ga. As theresult, a project was initiated to develop a sniper sighting system based onLeatherwood's principle. This culminated in delivery of a number of thesesystems to Vietnam for evaluation_

The Adjus~able Ranging Telescope isdesigned around the match-conditioned7.62 mm. MI4 Rifle and the MilSMatch carlridge, for long.range sniping.

The ART combines the range-findingcapability inherent in the Redfield 3Xto 9X variable power "Accu-Range"telescope, and an exterior cam. physically attached to the power adjustingring, which puts on the telescope the

MAY 1969

correct angle of elevation for the M 118cartridge for any range from 300 to900 meters. The Redfield telescope wasmodified by removing its interior rangeindicator and changing the reticle tothe configuration shown. The verticalspacing of the stadia (ranging) linesremains the same as'in the Accu-Range.as this separation, when projected to300 meters with the scope at 3-power,gives a height of about 30". This isconsidered optimum for ranging purposes. The double space between thestadia lines on the horizontal crosshaircan be used for estimating the holdoff for wind (a Io-knot cross wind at600 meters deflects the M J IS projectileabout 20"),

The ART is zeroed at 300 meterswith the power set at 3X, since thelow point on the cam introduces theproper angle of elevation for 300meters. Firing at any range out to 300meters is done with the scope on 3X,keeping in mind that maximum ordinate of the M 118 is about 7" to 8"for a 300-meter zero. Beyond 300meters, a 30" segment of the target issubtended between the reticle lines byadjusting the telescope power, whichautomatically sets correct elevation onthe scope. A 30" target may be fromthe enemy's belt to the top of his head.

As a matter of interest, the information on the angles of departure forthe M liS ammunition was found inTHE AMERICAN RJFLEMAN ('The M 14

National Match Rifle", May 1966, pages46-49), as tabulated by FrankfordArsenal. These data were substantiallycorrect out to 700 meters but the 800aDd 900 meter elevations Iistcd werelow. These figures were corrected byfiring tests.

The ART mounts and ballistic cantsfor overseas evaluation were fabricatedin the LWL Technical Suppon machine shop. and the M 14 rifles were rebuilt to Match condition by the U. S.Army Marksmanship Training Unit(USAMTU) at Ft. Benning. Reportsback from Vietnam indicated good results from the system with the averagerifleman. A number of first round hitswere recorded at ranges out to 600meters, with at least 2 first round hitsat 300 and 400 meters at night underillumination. Several marksmen of theUSAMTU at Ft. Benning recorded 10"groups at 900 meters after ranging ona standard "E" silhouette target.

Given the Adjustable Ranging Telescope system and rifle, as presented.with a long-range competition-levelrifleman to use it. the field commanderhas another superior weapon in hisarsenal. This might even be consideredas an improvement in the an ofsniping.

(The Leatherwood A uto/ Range scopesight, manu!act/lred 011 this principle byRealist Inc. for commercial sale. wasdescribed in THE AMERJCAN RIFLEMAN,Sept. 1968, pages 67-74.-Eo,)

47

DEPAWFM PIT OF THR ARMYOF TM ADJUTANT 41001AL

AS~t~4'WASHINGTON, D.C. 85140

P% A(GA 00 0So, 69) in 1"9.~

SUlJICI Lea1odl ason , e6d, Ileadqurters, 9th~

00 ?nil fC tmnsIn 1nof rninti oil flfotfet'1ý7 thof ithef~~

32 DISTRIBUTIONI E.aplonags L-j, Tltiu ui ( 1. n'794. Ito trvallsiJ 101 lorUQ rI * L.t L;LLio l f LtU ""fOten"

iu any mannur to Lw uiiuuti1luriOu6 Po turaQ isi prohibited4

is ubject report is forwarded for review and evaluation in accordancewith Prgah5,A 2-5 Vlain n orcieatossol

* ~be reported to ACSFOR OT UT, Operational Bso~t ranch, within 90 daysOf receipt of covering letter.

nefits in the future from lessons learned during current operations and

y be adapted for use in developing training material,

ORDWO v T UB I mSTXYOr. THE ANYt (30

k ~ ~Incl

DZS~uI3TIC~4: tlis The Ai uteutoGenralComsinding Generalse/'jF ['~ ) (3yj~

US Continental Army Coinnd-.' d 'I IUS Army Combat Developments Command

ComandantsUS Army War CollegeUS Army Commennd and General Staff CollegeUs Army Adjutant General School .* *.

US Army Air Defense SchoolUS Army Armor SchoolUS Army Aviation SchoolUS Army Chaplain School L i(US Army Chemical SchoolUS Arm Civil Affairs SchoolUS Army Combat surveillance SchoolUS Army Engineer SchoolUS Army Field Artillery School

US Army Infantry School Regraded unclassified when separatedUS Army Intelligence School from classified Inclosure.1

CONFIDENTIAL

MeialFel ONFiUL.N iAL

DISTRIBUTIOtN (Conttd)US Army Medical Field Service Scho4lUS Army military Police SchoolUS Army Missile and Munitions SchoolUS Army Ordnance School[ US Amy Quasrtervasawer SuI~ltu

US Army Security Agency School

"US Army Signal School

US Army Southeastern Signal SchoolUS Army Special Warfare SchoolUS Army Transportation SchoolUS Army CMB Weapons Orientation Course

Copies furnished:Office, Chief of Staff, US ArmyDeputy Chiefs of StaffChief of Research and DevelopmentAssistant Chiefs of StaffChief of EngineersThe Surgeon GeneralThe Provost Marshal GeneralOSD(SA) Assistant for Southeast Asia ForcesDirector of Defense Research and EngineeringOffice, Joint Chiefs of StaffComanding Generals I

US Army Materiel ComandUS Army STRATCOM9th Infantry Division

Deputy Chief of Staff, Air Force, Plans & OperationsCommandant of the Marine CorpsNational Aeronautics & Space AdministrationUSAP Air Ground Operations SchoolThe Air University LibraryDirector, Weapons Systems Evaluation GroupDefense Documentation CenterSecurity Officer, Hudson InstituteCommanding Officers

US Army Limited War LaboratoryUS Army Logistics, Doctrine Systems & Readiness AgencyUS Army Mobility Equipment Research & Development Center

.JS Army Electronic Warfare School

ii~ '

JiS:l'l : ¾: I,2

7 1'CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL-

EuIDWJAIMra 9M! UN)! R DIVISIMNSO 3i ftanaisoo 96370lNq19

3MJWT 020dicwdRepot at9th IUfantxy Idisieia for ai Zin

30 Aril1969WSOs"M-65 (RI) (U)

CONNNIUA Osieral, 11 Yield Force Vietnam, ATM. AWC-RE-H, APO 96266Commanding Ganwera GaUited 3*466e AvW Vietnam~, £TNS AVHGO(1X3) q AP 96375Commanding Generalp Unaited States Army Pacific, g£TNs GP(P-I1D APO 96556

1,(0) SWUMio I. QOME-aI&OnS Sljnfioant Aotivitieg

~.(0) Intr~duotions

(1) During this report tn period I Pebruary - 30 Aprilp the 9th InfantryDivision continued. operations in support of mnissions and tasks either speoi-fied or implied by the following Plean and Opinratiorial Instractionst

(a) JGS/MA0V Combined Campaign Plan 19699 AD 1449, dated 30 Sept.eabr 1968.

(b) 1I "MOWE/Ifl Corps.Combiw~a CoApaign Plan. 1969, dated 1 December 1968.,

IT C!Z Dry Weather Csw~aign Plean dated 13 November 1968.

(2) he mission of the 9th Infantry Division Is to oonduct sustaina4d, g0-ordinated combined air and ground operations to destroy Viet Ocang (VO) aMd NorthVietnamese (uvi) main and looal force univs and their installations and infra-strucoture in the TAOXI in close ocooperation and coordination with Task Force 117yexecute groun~d and riverins operations to. interdict aneWr land and water linessof communicat ion and deny themuse of their base areas and to destroy tw~etedmain and local force unitsj oceiduot consolidation and pacificationi operations toidentify and destroy VC guerrilla. units and infrastructure and secure populatiovoenters and lines of communication in alose* coordination and cooperation withGovermnmut of Vietnam (GVN) 7oroesj conduct oupporting operations to further theGIN pacification program by enhancing the capability of the Army of the Republicof Vietnam (ARMi), Popular Forces (PP) and Regional Poroes (RP)j and to oontrib-ate to the health and welf an of the oivilian population. The -9th Inf antry Di-vision has suceoesfually aocomplished this misisioni by conducting operations inGia Dinhp Long Anp Go Cong, Dinh Tuong,. Kien Tuong, lien Hoap Vinh Dinh#, andZien Phuong Provinses

(3) The 9th Inf~~ Division was involved in combat during every day (89.days) of this reporting j.riod whiile conducting four major operations Ahioh ooy&-PoR or v7 DOWNGBXMA ~LD3 NuTEUvAIB

to 9 as aDECLA9SWIFED AFTER 12 YRSInclosure CON FIDENFI A DOD DIR 5200-10

AV~-U CONFI DENTIAL

ýIj=, Operational Re~ort of the 3"'~ ̀% ant"ry Dijigion for Period %hdinig

in a avut~matia 'awls in order +o iaorease thseoffeotivqnsus of their units, re-tresher training In new'tact iou wa teohniqne~enables the ooo'-,andar to betterPrspare his troop for oombat* Letsons loorned and other tmntical inf~irmationsre :in ort. - i-~qa .anhi 4Wnranr t-" ferive, mmi~cimo benefit fromweperience nftinod by other unit- i-i the field.

"(W The th Dkf*nry Divisi3n M~ar Sdihool continixed its program of in-traqUtWO at flosI Twa during thu reflpxtine period. A tot al of five classes"was condixoted and slcgJxth class boggn 27 ,,prtl 1969, The oe.ztanding resultsobtained by the 9th W~mtwy Division anipershbave generated interesV!'ý'Ia thesniper program tbcoughout MARVi. Asa result, the sdchol has conductiedtraining for snip4iv and Oadre personnel from six USd Divisions and one separateBrigades Those cadre will form tba nucleus for "n~er traininkg schools in th:oeeunits, Training conducted by the Sniper School h4~ also included instructiongiven to ANNI personnel in the. one of tho starlight scope. SeverAl more olassesof this tne we scheduled for the month of Wq 1969. DMIrig 1Jme 19696 thecadke of the school will rotate back to ONUJS and will be replaced b~y anotherto"~ tric the = NMiksmmnnhip Training Ut Thes.~Vae replacement personnel willmctinua with the present prvram of instruction, to imobd. tra~nig f or unitsoutside 'the 9th lhfmtry Division Wkich are establishing .~js 6.

g.(0) L~aLULj. ajLgistical. plaannig, gaidance, and oupport was pro-vided for all oeiwi auid wd ttaohed units andl units under the operationtal controlof the 9th Xfsa.',74**ion during the reporting period. The major taotIoAl4wnilts jupported were two .layid *aee4 brigades and one riverine brigade ormanic to9th InfunU7~ Divisionp!~~I~g n

(Do Gong, Dinh ~~~~~~Tuaong, "kien Icas, nnwd 'Kion Tqointrvrods esbl"ys~i~were conducted for suipiJrt of bri#!ade-ei.ýea.opera~tions in Cbau Doe, lien Phongend [ien Tuoag Provinces.

(a) During the reporting period there was slight improvshent in servicesand the flow of supplies, Toward the anid of the reporting period some itemsof majorl equipment previously frozen o~tered the. lSART .uppl.2 pipeline and'Were rel.eased to US units, Tioviver, At does not Vp~ear likely that this gradualrelease of equipment will nllev.Late substautirlly the shortages of major items.which continue to exist. Shortkges are still critioai~n the hierand OCUOIE categories of equIpmeat.

(b) There has been no Imrprov,~ent in the Availobility of eleotiloal suppliessuch an power cords, light firurei, wall pliagu, and other out~pti'u which are essenr,tial to the *operation of fire support bases.

(a) The 6th Battalion, 77th Arbil lery,'ý was d~.ignated an the firstUSARV unit to participate iAn the HaPUibliO of vietmam Armed Forces

28

CcP -1 DF~TR

CONFIDENTIALDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

OFFICE OF THE ADJUTANT GENERAL

WASHINGTON. D.C. ZU310

IN NUPLY RIEFEIq 11.

AGtDA (M) (10 Dec o9) FOR OT UT 09B050 19 lDcemiber 1909

""K SL;B.EC ': Senior Ott icer D)eb riefing Report: MG D)oinn R. Puepke, C(G, 4tihlinfantrv D)ivisioni, Period 30 Nov 608 to 14 Nov 69 (11)

O SEIE DISTRIBUTION

tL. 1. Reference: AR 1- 26, sUbject, Scu'ior Of ficer Debriefing Program (U) ,( Udated 4 November 106b. 't

4 -"

2. Transmitted herewith is the report of MG Donn R. Pepke, subject asabove.

3. This report is provided to insure appropriate benefits are realizedfrom the experiences of the author. The report should be reviewed inaccordance with paragraphs 3 and 5, AR 1-26; however, it should not beinterpreted as the official view of the Department of the Army, or of

any agency of the Department of the Army.

4. Information of actions initiated under provisions of AR 1-26, as aresult of subject report, should be provided ACSFOR OT UT within 90 daysof receipt of covering letter.

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY:

KENNETH G. WICKHAM1 aIs Major General, USAas The Adjutant General

DISTRIBUTION:Commanding Generals

US Continental Army CommandUS Army Combat Developments CommandUS Army Materiel Command

Commandants i' 2 1 T [IUS Army War CollegeUS Army Command and General Staff College U

US Army Armor School L"--

US Army Aviation School F)US Army Chemical SchoolUS Army Civil Affairs SchoolUS Army Combat Surveillance School

US Army Electronic Warfare School Regraded unclassified when separated

from classified inclosure.CONFIDENTIAL.

DOOGWD AT 3 IMKA INJfVAWIa

D D VIE 0200.10.

CONFIDENTIALDISTrRiBUTION (Cont'd)

US Army Engineer SchoolUS Army Field Artillery SchoolUS Army Infantry SchoolUS Army Intelligence SchoolUS Army Medical Field Service SchoolUS Army Missile and Munitions SchoolUS Army Ordnance SchoolUS Army Quartermaster SchoolUS Army Signal SchoolUS Army Southeastern Signal SchoolUS Army Special Warfare SchoolUS Army Transportation SchoolUS Army CBR Weapons Orientation Course

Copies furnished:

Office, Chief of Staff, US ArmyIDeputy Chiefs of StaffChief of Research and DevelopmentAssistant Chiefs of StaffChief of Engineers

Chief of Military History4OSD(SA) Assistant for Southeast Asia ForcesDirector, Defense Research & EngineeringOffice, Joint Chiefs of StaffCommanders In Chief

PacificUS Army, PacificUS Strike Command

Commanding GeneralsUS Army STRATCOMUS Army Electronics CommandUS Army Weapons CommandIII Corps

Commander, US Army Forces Southern CommandChief of 0Staff, USAFDeputy Chiefs of Stafi, Air Force, Plans & OperationsChief of Naval OperationsCommandant of the Marine Corps

CommandantsArmed Forces Staff CollegeDefense Intelligence SchoolIndustrial College of the Armed ForcesThe National War College

Senior Army Representative, Marine Corps Development & Education CommandUSAF Air Ground Operations 'SchoolThe Air University LibraryJoint Action Control OfficeDefense Documentation CenterCoimmanding Officers

US Army Limited War LaboratoryUS Army Logistics, Doctrine Systems & Readiness AgencyUS Army Mobility Equipment Research & Development Center

2

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIALDEPARTMENT OF 1HU2 AIRIY

HILA1h.,UAFl LRb tONI1LD b!Al Lt, ARMY VII INAM

APOU tAN If AN'I- (U Y b

AVHGC-DST

SUBJECTi Senior Officer Dobriofing Report - MG Donn R. Pepke

Assistant Ghlof of Staff for Force Development

Department of the ArmayWashington, D.C. 20310

1. Attached are three copies of the Seilor Officer Debriefing Reportprepared by MG Dontn R. Pepke, Commanding General of the 4th Infantry Divisionfor the period 30 Novembor 1968 through 14 November 1969.

2. MG Pepke is recommended as a candidate guest speaker at appropriate

service schools and joint colleges.

FOR THE COMMANDER:

1 Inclas (trip) lii,2 cy wd HQ, DA Ass,•L AJjuhin11 GeneraI

Regraded unclassified when separatedfrom classified inclosure.

i

CONFIDENTIAL

i

CONFIDENTIAL

f1

SENIOR OFFICER DEBRIEFING PROGRAM

(MG Donn R. Pepke, 4th Infantry Division)

(RCS - CSFCR - 74) (U)

COUNTRY'. Republic of Vietnam

DEBRIEF REPORT BY: Major General Donn R. Pepke

DUTY ASSIGNED: Commanding General, 4th Infantry Division

INCLUSIVE DATES: 30 November 1968 - 14 November 1969

DATE OF REPORT: 10 November 1969

DOWNGRADED AT 3 YEAR INTERVALSDECLASSIFIED AFTER 12 YEARS

DOD DIR 5200o10

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

There have been difficulties in several areas: battery life is short and itis subject to dampness. Teating began on 8 July 1969, and will continueuntil 15 November 1969.

b. Training.

(1) Although the 4th Infantry Division has been engaged in combat forthe past thr#e years, it became quickly apparent that there was a need for acontinuing training program. The 4th Training Detachment was organized fromthe Division's assets to meet the training requivrmonts. Training prograMuVecrt, instituted to teach special skills required fox operations in the Cen-tral Highlands .

(2) Replacement training is designed to bridge the gap between CONUStraining and the requirements of 'he 4th Infantry Division in VIETNAM. Twocycles are completed each week. Division replacements average in excess of2,OO0 each month. The emphasis in training is on map reading, patrolling,uirksmanship, artillery adjustment, enemy tactics and lessons learned. Thecourse is not designed to give the replacement specific training such asreceived in basic training but to reinforce his previous training and easehis transition into a combat environment. Field grade officers review theprogram of instruction, and select subjects in which they desire refreshertraining.

(3) The Noncommissioned Officer Combat Leadership course is designed toprepare selected enlisted men for leadership positions in combat at the fireteam, squad and platoon level. The course is not an NCO Academy as such butis designed to meet the leadership requirements for combat units. Eachcycle is two weeks in duration and has an average input of 30 students.Emphasis is placed upon leadership and tactics.

(4) The Pre-Recondo course is designed to prepare personnel as Rangersand secondly for the MACV Recondo School. Most students are trained tobecome Rangers with the Long Range Patrol Company; however, it is notlimited to these personnel only. All units within the Divisic% have apatrollUng responsibility, and the skills taught in the course are readilyused by all combat personnel. In addition, a special course was design,-,dfor base camp personnel to teach the skills necessary to conduct patrols inthe TAOR. E•aphasis is placed vupon map reading, patrolling, artilleryadjustment, _.u physical training.

(5) In order to enhance sniper operations in the Division, a two weekuourse was designed to train marksmen from each maneuver unit. Each studentis armed with an accurized '1-A4 rifle with a sniper scope mounted. Thisweapon is ret.ained by the individual when he completes the course andreturns to his unit.

40CONFIDENTIAL

(~ 8~~'\ CONFIDENTIAL I~~~ DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

OPFICE OF TH9 ADJUTANT GENERAL

AGDA (M4) (12 Mar 70) FO~1 ~ . -4&La-c4.7

SUBJECT: Operational Report7- essons Learned, Headquarters) i.,oiblt

Airborne Division 9-(7T

c !. 2. rtbo 1ttional

SEE DISTRIBUTION Dsteni' of t) @C a

by lar.01. Subject report is forwarded for review and evaluation in accordance

0" with paragraph 4b, AR 525-15. Evaluations and corrective actions should

?-I be reported to ACSFOR OT UT, Operational Reports Branch, within 90 days

tei ' of receipt of covering letter.

2. Information contained in this report is provided to insure appropriate

befief its in the future from lessons learned during current operations and

may be adapted for use in developing training material. --

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THEAR Y ~ L -

CD d'; I -, ,* .

s Aryoomalonel$mnt Cmmn

CommandantSeerl

US ArCo nd n eeal Staff CollegeUS Army Armort Scheol nsComnUS Army Aation Coolan

US Army WCicleg School97

US Army Combaa d Surelne Schof ollg

US Army Enginr SchoolUS Army FvieartiSclr Scolfo casfid nisuUS Army Cnfantry School

US Army Institute for Military Assistance

US Army Intelligence School ____L DOWGRADWAT Z "A IliTERVALS5;

CONFIDENTIAL MOLACS IF IF ! ZTER 12 YE.ARSDOD DIE 5;oo0.1o

HEADQUARTERS 101ST AIRBORNE DIVISION (AIRMOBILE)Office of the Chief of Staff

APO Saii 7'rncisco 90)33

WkDG-CS19'oehr 9

~JTCT:Operationail rleiolL - Lessons Learn~ed, 1~lst

31 -):tober 19(791, RCS C.St- ) t (72) ('J)

SM DI STflIDUTION

The inclosedI rperational Report -Lessons Learne&1 in for--.A~rd3e' in compliance with USARV 7n.julation 525-15 and XXTV

Corps Regulation 525-2.

7011 THE COMP.NDM:

U&TY ANCDONAT.LDColonel, GS,Chie ! of Staff

1ISTP IfUTIM':2- CINTCJSAIRPAC, AT"?Nl: GPOD-'IT, A~PI 96553

3 - CG, TSARV, ?tT.N kVflAGC-D)-T, APO 963754 - CG, 'X'XIV Corps, A711TN: AVII-C"CT, APO 963033 - CIS, 101st Abn l)iv (Arnbl)1 - C-1, 1st BMe, 101st Abn Div (Amrhl)1 - C~O, 2d Ede,'101st Abn Div (Am'b1)1 - C0, 3d Bde, 101st Xbn Div(&il1 - CO, 101st Abn Div Spt Comd (Ajm,1l)1 - CO, -101st W.n Gp, .103.st Abn Div (Ambnl)1 - CO, DIVARTY, 1019t~ lbn Div (.knhl)1 - ',CofS, Gal, 101st Abn Div (Asmbl)1 - ACofS, Y-2, 101st 21'bn Div (Ambl)

10 - ACofS, G3, AOlst ,.n Div (Mmb1)'A - P.Cof S, Gn", l01pt ?Abn Div (Amb1)1 - NCof 5, 35, 101st Abn Div ("rn' ") Regraded unclassified when separated

F 0 R oTOTq from dassitied Inclosure.

Inclosure

CONFIDENTTAL

CONFIDENTIAL

AVDG- GC5UBJET: Operational Report - Lessons Loarred, 101st Airborne D1vision

(Airmobtle) for Period Fndinw 31 uctonar 1969, RCS CsF-6 (R2)(U)

created 257 secondary firms, and derctrk-e ? ozket sites. nemytr ansportatoa was hirdered by ta,:*i-al a!- wher RP9 meters of roadswere cut, 3 foot tridges, 2 vethiculr rr 4geo, &nd 1 truck and 2 sampanswere destroyed. 32 VC/NVA were k11i a, a reult of tactical air.

c. Thezs were 39 B52 strikes vat.i:' tn, i!-'"sion AO durtn, thereporting period.

C. (C) Training.

1. The division airmobility scpi o lvr.t r h1 the Lhi1t AvlationQroup was conducted twice during the rer-.r;- period. Attendance at theclass presented on 5-6 September was 57 tersotel. inrluding representativesfrom XXIV Crrp3, 34 Marire I)-v'.siun. " th Mttri-ne Air riroup, and 173dAirborne Brigades. On 17-18 October 45 persorei attended i he schoolincluding representatives from 173d Airborne Brigade, let Brigade, 5thInfantry Division (Mech), 3d Squadron, 5th Cavalry, and lst Battalion,77th Armor. Because of operational commitments, personnel of the 3dBrigade could not attend the classes on .7-18 October. On 26 Octobera special class was presented at the brigade C? fcar officers of the3d Brigade.

Designated to familiarize selected personnel with the capabilitiesand limitations of the division's aviation assets, the school continuesto provide general guidance for the proper utilization of aircraft in acombat environment.

2. On 15 September, the 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile) SniperSchool commenced operation. The school is 16 days in length and iscapable of training 30 per class. The course provides unit commnderswith well trained marksman capable of engaging targets at extended smallarms ranges. To date two classes have been graduated and a third is inprogress,

3. During the period of this report a battalion refresher trainingperiod was initiated. Under the program all infantry battalions arerelieved of operational requir-ments on a rotating basis for sever, days

and nduct a minimum of 60 hours of training during that period. brphasisis placed on tactical training, weapons training, and the conduct ofairmobile operations. Additionally during this period, maneuver elementsof the battalions become 100% rappel qualified.

4. in addition to conducting replacement training and the combatleaders course, the Screaming Eagle Replacement Training School instituted

CONFIDENTIAL

AVDG-GCSUBJECTi Operational Report - Lessons Learned, IOlst Airborne Division

(Airmobile) for Period 1ftdtrg 31 October 1969, RCS CSOR-65 (R2)(U)

/

base and all non-divisional elements w,-e out of the A hau Valley.

On 24 September, Company A had a urique inission to construct afive float raft to ferry two 0-7 bu-lldozers across the Perfume River.The raft was constructed in one day' time.

On 25 September, Company B dispatched an advance party to MaiLoc to minesweep the area in preparticri for the move of 3d Brigadeheadquarters to that location. Company C reopened FSB Bastone andcontinued maintenance and improveent of FSi Arsenal and the Arsenalroad. Company A opened FM3 Thor fa a ltt Brigade artillery raid.

During the first week of October operations were hampered by theheaviest recorded rains In the Hue-hu Bai area. All companies directedprimary efforts toward m~intezxcz of roa.s and bridges. On 1 October,Company C began preparation for the participation in "Project Lifesaver."At the same time the company coordinated a land clearing operation forNam Hoa District. Rom plows from the 59th Land Clearing Companyaccomplished the actual clearing by 17 October.

Company B assisted in reopening FSB Scotch and constructed FSBVictory and Shrapnel for the 3d Brigade. A significant factor in theconstruction of FSB Victory and Shrapnel was the fact that they werebuilt using only chainsaws, demolitions, and hand labor. Company Bcontinued improvement of the Ma Loc area and started on the Camp Evanssniper range and the combined headquarters of the Phong Den District-3d Battalion, 187 Infantry.

1st Brigade's Operation SATURATE, in the vicinity of FSB Saberstarted on 5 October. Company A supported by providing demolitionteams and boat operators. With. the heavy rains the engineer boatsbecame the only means of logistical resupply. Since helicopters weregrounded by adverse weather conditions, the boats also provided tacticalmobility. Company A opened 0P56 near Camp Eagle m 9 October. Concurrently,Company A directed considerable effort to repair of the severe raindamge on Arsenal road. The road was reopened n 18 October when CompanyA completed a 70 foot long double-single Bailey bridge.

4. During the reporting period headquarters company provided generalsupport to the three line companies. Total equipment support for bothcombat support and base development operations during the reporting period.is as follows:

48

UNCLASSWIEDIW t oPV THIK AOJUTM WiMilL.

WASII O . D.C. tIS

ACDA (M) (17 Nov 69) FoRk7(2 ___ _ .... __--

SUBJECT: [Senior .4flcer Debriefing Report: 9

1Infantry Division, Period 25 February 1968 to 5 April 1969 (U

Mfgt doemmwt eenteins tz~farmtlan e-f f t-tt n. ,s Rational

DT f o n te o f t he U n it e l t - ., .,: t 'e ,

SEE DISTRIBUTION 4 o Laws, TitL " ".1t1 '-4. Its tranirabl.',c, )O te ""' t n

Ob? lAm.01. Reference: AR 1-26, subJect, Senior OfficerDebrieft Program (U)

dated 4 November 1966. 0 1tz% .- AE t/2. Transmitted herevith is t- ereport of LTC Julian J. Ewell, subject as

above. i) S,,/ 6 II

3. This report is provide M0 TIsure 1vprp-m iat* berfitsl realised

from the experiences of the author. The report should be reviewed in

accordance with paragraphs 3 and 5, AR 1-261 however, it should not be

interpreted as the official view of the Department of the Army, or of

any agency of the Department of the Army.

4. Information of actions initiated under provisions of AR 1-26, as a

result of subject report, should be provided ACSFOR nDT UT within 90 days

of receipt of covering latter.

M BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY:

1 Inclit

as 4 it. LActiag The Mdjutist Goeratl

DISTRIBUTION: W"t YCommanding Generals

L. 1 '""

US Continental Army CoimmandUS Army Combat Developments Comnand

Comandants DEC 5 M9US Army War CollegeUS Army Comund and General Staff Colleae ..... L'ki: U ')US Army Armor School

US Army Aviation School

US Army Civil Affairs School

US Army Combat Surveillance School Regraed undassfled when sePratedUS Army Engineer School

US Army Field Artillery School from dassifled Inclosure.

Best Av abl C

Best Available Copy

UNOUSFIFIW":a 1 IT --

DISTRIBUTION (Cont d) w:;IrE

US Arimy Infantry School

US Army Intelligence School .. ¢C.US Army Medical Field Service School .............

Copies furnished: yOffice, Chief of Staff, IrS Amny IIr r- /..

Deputy Chiefs of StaffChief of Research and Developmen' .

Assistant Chiefs of StaffChief of Engineers

The Surgeon CeneralChief of Military HistoryOSD(SA) Assistant for Southeast Asia Forces

Director, Defense Research and Engineering

Office, Joint Chiefs of Staff

Commanders In Chief

Pacific

US Army, Pacific

US Strike Command

Commanding GeneralsUS Ai.my Material Command

US Army Weapons Command

US Army Flight Training Center

Chief of Staff, USAFDeputy Chief of Staff, Air Force, Plans & OperationsChief of Naval OperationsCommndant of the Marine CorpsConmmandants

Ar.m~d Forces Staff CollegeDefense Intelligence SchoolIndustrial College of the Armed ForcesThe National War College

Senior Army RepresentatLive, Marine Corps Development & Education Command

Project Managar, Naval Inshore Warfare Project Office

The Air University Library

Joint Action Control Office

Director, Weapons Systems Evaluation Group

Defense Documentation Center

Security Officer, Hudson Institute

Commanding Officers

US Army Limited War LaboratoryUS Army Logistics, Doctrine Systems & Readiness Agency

LUS Army Aviation Test ActivityUS Army Mobility Equipment Research & Development Center

US

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYHKADOQUARTURS. UNITKD OTAT9S ARMY VIKTNAM

APO SAN FfRANCISCO 94375

AVMC-

5!r'JTI Senior Officer Debriefing Report

Aiaistaent ChiLf of taff for Forea DevelopmntDaprtawt of the ArMWwhirmton, D. C. 20310

1. Attached are three copieO of the Seior Offloer Debriefing Report

propa"e by' LG julia j. zwe covering the period in which he ervda CO ing Geneal,, 9th Infantry Division.

2. LT-G rwell v.fl outwit another Seior Offler Debriefing kport upon

c pletion of his present ameiumt a COnWA I GwW-O a II F7ICV.

FOR R~ CCOSIAt3R

1 I S ONto (trip) ILT, AGC

cy wd HQ, DA Asaint Adjutant Gene.l)

YR fINJUVAL.!.

r0' AYIR 12yw

Regraded unclassified when separatedfrom classified inclosure.

UN, ASI IB1

RH-ADQUARTtitS

11 FIELD F'ORCr Vt!rTNAM

D4PkESS2KNS OF A DIVISION COMMANDER IN VLFTNAM

11 SEPTEMBER 19~69

LJOWNCRAf)EI AT 3 YEARS INTF-RV41,DC.ASSIF1IEZ AFTER 12 YtARA

FoR cT UTr I LPi'j Irosure'

C

Proportion of companies on oflennive, defensive, and standdownmissionx

Percentage of operations witn contact and contacts with kills

Effectivenems of eagle flighting, ground reconnaissance (RIF's),night ambush, air cavalry, artillery and air strikes, etc.

Effectiveness coefficient of unit (enemy eliminated per companyper day) and kill ration

Theme figures have to be used with diocretion but give commandersconsiderable insight

o. (U) Snipers--The most effective single program we had was thesniper program. This took a whole year to get off the ground fromscratch but we ended up with 80 snipers who would kill (or capture) from200 to 300 enemy a month. Not only did we get this direct return but theyalso encouraged the other nien to shoot well. Snipers, like everythingelse, are highly sensitive to tactics and technique so one has to handlethem well. The flat open Delta terrain was ideal for snipers. Otherdivisions are now trying snipers in other areas so we shall see how theywork on a broader basis. Snipers had been tried before in the theaterwith tepid results, but we insisted that the entire program be exactlyright, demanded resulto and got them.

p. (U) Tiger Scouts--The Tiger Scout (Kit Carson Scout) is a tre-mendous asset. He knows the terrain and enemy, is good at booby traps,speaks the language, and can sort out VC from friendlies. Ours seemedcompletely loyal and we looked after them. We had over 400, which al-lowed us to put one in each squad and in other useful plares. This alsoupped our 11 Bravo (Rifle) strength considerably thereby giving the unitsmore depth and staying power.

q. (U) Unit Management--I am convinced that one path to good resultsis to drive the Communists day and night day after day. This requiresvery careful management. For some time all of the battalions in the 9thhad only three rifle companies. This was a real nightmare. In order tooperate continuously one had to shuttle companies around between battal-ions frequently. The four rifle company battalion is much more manage-able--three can fight and one rest, train and pull security.

10

C iC'i

FO R the Shooler BY a Shooler

Suhl Sporting ArmsA re double-barrel shotgulls and rifles

still b('illg produced il/ SaM. Germany? Ihavell't SC'l'n ci SuM'lIIade gUll ill se~eralyears.

Answer: Double-barrel shotguns andrifles of both side-by-side and over-undertypes as well as combination rifle-shotgunsare still being produ<;ed in Suhl, East Germany. Of coO\'entional top-break design,these guns are offered ir. 12·, 16-, and20-ga., and many different rifle calibers.

One of the more prominent Suhl sporting arms producers is the VEB EmstThaelmann-Werk. Named afler ErnstThaelmann. a famous German Communist, this firm turns out Fortuna guns inthe former 1. 1). Sauer & Sohn plant, andalso the well-known Merkel guns. VES inthe firm's name stands for Volks-EigeneBetrieb (People's-Owned Enterprise).

Another prominenl Suhl sporting armsmanufacturer is the VES Fahrzeug-undGeraetewerk Simson (Simson Vehicle andEquipment Works). Simson has been inthe small arms business since the 1890's..md formerly produced Mnuser 98 rifles:lnd Luger pistols for the German Army.

Most unusual of the Suh! arms makersis BUHAG (Buechsenmacher-Handwerksgenossenschaft m. H.H.), a gunmaker'sassociation or guild consisling of 48 smallfirms. This association is similar to the~l.

one in Ferlach, Austria. BUHAG guns, •like other sporting arms currently produced in Suhl, are marketed by an EastGerman government trade organization.

Immanuel !l-Ieffert and A. W. Wolf arefairly old Suhl arms firms. but they aresmall compared with the Emst-ThaelmannWerk and Simson. Meffert guns are currently sold under the trade name "Hubertus".

While sporting arms currently producedin Suhl are generally of high quality, theyare nOI often encounlered in the U.S. dueto the high import tariff on goods madebehind the Iron Curtain.

Several well-known arms firms such asKrieghoff. J. P. Sauer & Sohn, and F. W.Heym, l1ed Suhl shortly :lfter World WarII and established new factories in WestGerm:my.-L.O.

The National Mat<;hes and olher training and competition events open toAmerican civilian rillemen have yieldedmany benefits to nationnl defense. Thisnew XM21 rifle, based direclly on theMI4 National Match rifle and the MliS~\1atch ammunition developed in largepart for National Match use, is a strikingexample of this.-E.H.H.

DOPE BAG tontinued

Army Sniper RifleThat' hare beel! ,epo,ls 0/ cOl/sider

able sniper acti"ily iI/ Ihe Viet/Win war.lIcls ou, An".I· a modem sniping riflejor lliis jlmdioll:'

Answer: The U,S. Army We'lponsCommand announced the 7.62 mm. sniping rifle XM21 on Sept. Ill. 1969. Itconsists of the MI4 National Match riflewith an adjustable range telescope (ART)mounled. (The X in such a designationidentifies an item still under developmentor test. If the item is adopted. the X isdroppL'd leaving the final !I-'1 number.)

Initial developmenl of this new riflewas described in "Army Lab Adds ART 10Sniping", TilE AMERICAN RIFLEMAN, May1969. p. 47. The development was done bythe U.S. Army Limited War LaboratolY.using M 14 service rifles match·conditioned by the U.S. Army MarksmanshipTraining Unit at Ft. 13enning.

The ART combines the range-findingcapability of the Redfield 3X-9X variablepower "Accu-Range" telescope with anexterior cam which puts on the correctelevation for any range from 300 to 900meters. The Redfield scope now used hasan improved power adjustment lock. (TheLeatherwood Auto/Range scope sight,manufaclured on this exterior elevntioncam principle for <;ommercial sale, wasdescribed in Till; AMERIC"N RIFLEMM",Sept. 1968, p. 67-74.)

The present XM2 I is assembled withM 14 National Match rifles which havebeen rebuilt in Ro<;k Island Arsenal forthe purpose. M 14 National Mat<;h riOeswere originally manufa<;tured with specialattention to those point~ whi<;h are important for accurate shooting, and theRo<;k Island rebuild takes advantage oflatest information a<;quired on the subject. Attachment of the scope base to therifle is simplified by a lug with largethreaded hole. and a vertical and a longitudinal groove, which were regularly machined into MI4 riOe receivers duringmanufacture in anticipation of a scoperequirement.

The assembled XM2 I rifle is of mod·erate weight. the weight with loaded 20round magazine being given as I I Ibs. Itis intended for use primarily with 7.62mOl. NATO M I III Malch ammunition.identical in type with 7.62 mm. NalionalMatch ammunition. and thc elevation camis made for this ammunition. The rifleacceptance specifications require that average extreme sprend for three <;onsecutive ten-shot groups with this ammunitionmay not exceed si.~ inches at a range of300 meters.

29.952.00

26.75

$ 5.00

$22.1522.1524.7524.75

SHOOT'''G MAT

R~i:-:f:;'l-e-~....• __ • on/y .... okI. buI .._.

oe,I,'m,d THE m............4'<,,<0. ,un bu.... ~__.""~"' ....-......."..__ ~..,Shoolon"'__ot __",,_~_7S<.,.._:S<"............... OOW ... _A.... _ ..",... ',\"0.

'W.q. 'P.J,,",~ C_",,.,",_.,,-,,<, -,,,"""",,~

nNCH~UT

,TANDST (".ntlGn O~n) _ Ul.S0

T S'OHT S".dO______•• 550.00

____ S •• SO, Co.... 1'11,00_______ • 6.71'

l' 7,71RT. 'LK. S 3.n"_,,-,,,-,= '23_SO

~ S S.6S·~Ho STOPS.. $ S."

l' ~'~Ll[ CAU ----m:ggUn< GUN' AND ACCUSO"'U

M'.C... ,RO

OILU'" " .... CUFF

UULAND••... LL·... NQL T~IPOO

... "h S ,....... 10.0.'10 ..~_"'. sun~~...'.n. Tun..... '.nO SLIN~""'."O "'D<:~'_'''d I), ••• ,..0~~U ...., ••• , 0,~U ....'"

AAT TRIPOD wllb sa~dle

IT TRIPOD wllb LUG08 OLYMPIC BIPOD with saddleZI OLYMPIC BIPOo willi LUGREGAL BIPDD with saddle Dr lUll

s~ope bolder, spe~11y

Stale scop. " colorOB·BR BIPDD in REDau SAGE COLOR, addALWAYS STATE COLOR AND SCOPE24" EXTUSlON FOR SCClPE STANDS

O.~/H OLY"~'C IUTT

Y ~~L..n ,I..... F...

"00" "'0. h O"W 525.75"0." INTIRNATIOHAL

"'L~,':'U;J':'''N.~~";~:r.$47.'001,11.1 '0' 52.....x.. "'"ae~"" U.50

K~C ''"," ~I". nIH" S......xl00 ".H .22 (1_"'01 $4.00

~

Write US for III1 your reqUirementsin RELOADING, SCOPES. SIGHTS,GUN CASES, PISTOL KITS, SWIVELS, COATS & FREELAND ACCES·SORIES, GUNS, GOOD AMMUNI_TION, SHOOTING GLASSES. BESURE TO SEND YOUR CURRENTFED ERAL FI REAR MS LICENSE WITHCERTIFICATION. PAMPHL.ET FREE.

Freeland's Scope Stands, Inc.3737 14th AYE.. ROCK ISLAND, ILL. 61201 7.62 mOl. Sniping Rifle XM21.

THE AMERtCAN RIFLEMAN

.~-'-iP _ . - - *

WASHINGTON. D.C. 20310

IN REPLY REFER TO

AGDA (M) (-26Nov 69) FOR OT UT 693030 4 December 1969

SUBJECT: Operational Report - Lessons Learned, Division (Airmobile), Period Ending 31

SEE DISTRIBUTION

1. Subject report is forwarded for review and evaluation in accordance with paragraph 4b, AR 525-15. Evaluations and corrective actions should be reported to ACSFOR OT UT, Operational Reports Branch, within 90 days of receipt of covering letter.

2. Information contained in this report is provided to insure appropriate benefits in the future from lessons learned during current operations and may be adapted for use in developing training material.

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY:

KENNETH G. WICKHAM 1 Incl Major General, USA as The Adjutant General

DISTRIBUTION: Commanding Generals US Continental Army Command US Army Combat Developments Command

Commandants US Army War College US Army Conunand and General Staff College US A m y Air Defense School US Army Armor School US Army Aviation School US Army Chemical School US Army Civil Affairs School US Army Combat Surveillance School US Army Electronic Warfare School US ~ r m y Engineer School US A ~ Q YField Artillery school Regraded unclassified when separated US Army Infantry School from classified inclosure. US Army Intelligence School

DISTRIBUTION (Contld) US Army M i s s i l e and Munitions School US Army Ordnance School US Army Quartermaster School US Army Signal School US Army Southeastern Signal School US Army Spec ia l Warfare School US Army Transpor ta t ion School

Copie s f u r n i shed : Off ice , Chief of S t a f f , US Army Deputy Ch ie f s of S t a f f Chief of Research and Development A s s i s t a n t ' ch i e f s of S t a f f Chief of Engineers The Surgeon General The Provost Marshal General 0SD(SA) A s s i s t a n t f o r Southeast Asia Forces D i r ec to r , Defense Research and Engineering Off i c e , J o i n t Ch ie f s of S t a f f Commanding General s

US Army Mater ie l Command US Army STRATCOM US Army E l e c t r o n i c s Command US Army Weapons Command US Army F l igh t Training Center 1st Cavalry Div is ion (Airmobile)

Deputy Chief of S t a f f , A i r Force, P lans & Opera t ions Commandant of t h e Marine Corps Senior Army Representa t ive , Marine Corps Development & Education Command USAF Air Ground Operat ions School The A i r Univers i ty Library D i r ec to r , Weapons Systems Evalua t ion Group Defense Documentation Center Secu r i t y O f f i c e r , Hudson I n s t i t u t e USAF P r o j e c t RAND Commanding O f f i c e r s

US Army Limited War Laboratory US Army L o g i s t i c s , Doctr ine Systems & Readiness Agency US Army Mobi l i ty Equipment Research & Development Center

DBARTM&W QF THL AREE HEAD&MTERS, 1 ST CAVALRY D I V I S I O N ( m ~ ~ ~ m )

AVDAMH 15 August 1969

SUBJET: Operational-Report fo r Quarterly Period End$& 31 July 1969 RCS CSFCR-65 (RI) (u)

THRU: Commanding General Headquarters, IIFF'V ATTN: AVFBC-RSH Am 96266

' TO: Assistant Chief of Staff for Force Development Department of the hmy IJashington, D .C .' 20310

SEETIOM I: ~Q@$3@&@#5 *

------u,,SUBLTECT r;'0 A n r T3;:CKCi,.F;,?STF.T1~

1, (c) Operations: 3CliEj)!Jl,x p~ E%~i'LI~I;'~ ,:,? ::,?:. 1.'1.65:! hU1'03kA'TT~A ! , U DIIWWG;IarU:S- TWO y"4~

a. General .--TNTERVAJ,S GECLASSIFTED. 0): DEC. 31 The reporting period covers the conclusion of the following opera- (1)

tions,

(a) Operation MONTANA RAIDEt (terminated 131200H &lay1969).

(b) Operation COMANCHE WKLRIOR (terminated 01 1 200N Jun 1969). Operation CREEK I1 (terminated. 221 200H Jun 1969).(c)

(d) Operation 1OfXCANA SCOUT (terminated 231200H Jun 1969).

(2) The reporting period covers the in i t i a t ion of Operation KEP.rTUCdKl

COUGAR ( in i t ia ted 241200~ Jun 1969).

A l l the above operations are subsume.d under. Operation..Toan Thang I11 *ich con-

tinued through the close of ' the reporting p r i o d .

(3) The May-July 1969 period saw a c o n t i m t i o n of.the roles, a s s i o n s

and functions knitiated when the I st - Cav- Div&sion . (Aimbile>. arrived i n

Inclosure I

SUBJECT: Operational Report for Quarterly Period Ending 31 July 1969 T,2B E : ~raining/canbat Development s

I-. Division Training:

a. THE FIRST TEAM JICADEMY a t Bien Hoa conducted individual replacement' t ra ining fOr a l l incaning replacement personnel durine the reporting p e r i d . 704 officers and 5,592 enlisted men received the three-day course of instruction.

b. .The Canbat Leaders Course (CLC) graduated 202 personnel during the quarter. The 10 day POI provides training for selected %3 th ru %-5 personnel who are p rogrmed t o be team leaders ar.d squad leaders in the l i n e units. The subjects stressed are small unit A i r Cav tact ics , map red ing , canmunications procedures, weapons employment, f i r s t aid and leader ship.

c. The K i t Carson Scout Training Frogram graduated 78 personnel during t h e quarter. The objective of the program is t o provide Csv maneuver un i t s -with mll-trained indigenous scouts familiar with enemy tac t ics a d procedures as well a s the area of operat ions of the r i f l e canpanies and reconnaissance platoons cf the Division, The training includes basic A i r Cav tact ics , care and operation of US eouipnerrt, Ehglish language, proficiency, and the mission of the K i t Carscn Scout Program.

d. The Division Sniper Program was in i t ia ted during t h e report- p e r i d * As of 31 July THE FIRST TEAM ACADEMY h d graduated 32 slipers. The program is designed t o t r a i n carefully selected personnel f r ~ nthe ground uni ts i n the advanced markmanship and sniper ambush- t echiques. Included i n the c w se are c m n i c a t i o n s procedures, map reading, ad justnent of indirect f i r e support and night f i r ing techniques. Upon graduation, the trained snipers are returned t o t h e i r parent bat ta l ion for emplqyment a s a battal ion asset.

2. Non-Divisional Training Programs anl Schools:

a. The Division made use of the US!iRV school system t o the maximm extent possible during the reporting p e r i d . The following figures M i c a t e which schools ald how many students participated:

OFF-EM -Army Aviation Refresher Training School 180 27

MASV Reconlo School 15

US Army Training.Facility, 1st Signal. Brigade 22

be Twerity-two aviatars attended the Jungle Envirormentd. Suilrival Train- ing (JEST) course in the Ph i l l i phes during the reparting period.

3. Combat Developments:

a, 1May 1969, the ~ i v i s i o n received n'ine 300 watt, Fkjdrzzine A i r Fuel

SUBJECT: Cperatimal Report for Quarterly Pericd Fhding 3 July 1969 TRB E : TrainingrCmbat Developments (Cont)

Cells. The items were requested for k e d i a t e development under XA~8URE80 and were intended t o serve a s s i lent pclwer scurces for the kN/VRC 12 series radios and s m a l l equipment operating w i thh . that pmer rat ing on forward f i r e bases. After a prelininary training pericd for the operators, the f i e1 ce l l s were muved t o the 2-12 Cav forward f i r e base and placed in operation on 1June 1969 t o begin a 90 day t e s t , A t the end of the f i r s t week a , l l nine ce l l s were inoperative due t o acid leaks in the coding fan housings, The t e s t was termi-nated and the cells were returned t o CONUS for further mcdification.

b, On 10 June 1969, the Division received i ts f i r s t increment of the m~76 Anti-Oscillat ion Sighting Device, The instrument, designed for Airborne use, i s an e lectr ical ly controlled gyrcbstabilized monocular with a nower zoan lens extending f!rm 3x t o 9x power. Prelimbarn tes t ing during the reporting period indicates that the device will be extremely useful for use in C & C and reconnaissance a i rc ra f t . The t e s t a d evaluation was not cclmplete a t the conclusion of the reparting pericd.

CONFIDENTIALDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

OFFICE OF THE ADJUTANT GENERAL

WASHINGTON. D.C, 20310

IN AliPLV A LIFIiK.. /

AGDA (M) (14 May 70) FOR\ -f_-'M7243

SUBJECT: Operational Report - Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 10Rt .A-irt,rne

I' SEE DISTRIBUTION t E i., ' ",

I. Subject report is forwarded for review and evaluation in accordancewith paragraph 4b, AR 525-15. Evaluations and corrective actions shouldbe reported to ACSFOR OT UT, Operational Reports Branch, within 90 daysof receipt of covering letter.

2. Information contained in this report is provided to insure appropriatebenefits in the future from lessons learned during current operations andmay be adapted for use in developing training material.

- BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY:,,.)

'~ !~7 j ~ /KENNETH G. WICKHAM

-I- nT Major General, USAas The Adjutant General

DISTRIBUTION:Commanding Generals

US Continental Army CommandUS Army Combat Developments CommandUS Army Materiel Conmmand

Commandants CUS Army War CollegeUS Army Command and General Staff College

US Army Armor SchoolUS Army Aviation School JUN 1! 1-:US Army Chemical SchoolUS Army Civil Affairs School LVJUS Army Combat Surveillance SchoolUS Army Electronic Warfare School AUS Army Engineer SchoolUS Army Field Artillery School Reraded unclassified when separatedUS Army Infantry School

from classified inclosure.

CONFIDENTIALBest Available Copy:

_ CONFIDENTIAL

HEADQUARTERS 101ST AIRBORNE DIVISION (AIRMOILIE)* ~off"c of the Ch6.f of Staff

APO 96383

AVDG-CS 13 February 1970

SUBJECT- Operational Repcrt -- Lessons Learned, 101st AirborneDivision (Airnobjile) for Period Ending 31 January 1970,RCS CSFOR-65 (R2) (U)

;LE DISTRIBUTION

The inclosed Operational Report -- Lessons Learned is forwardedin comupliance with USARV Regulation 525-15 and XXrV Corps Pea-ulation 525-2.

* FOR THE COMMANDER:

1 tncl ~A. MACDONALDas3 Colonel, GS

Chief of Staff

* DISTRIBUTION:2 - CINCUSARPAC, ATTN: GPOD-OT, APO 965583 - CG, USARV, ATTN: AVHGC-DST, APO 963758 - CG, XXIV Corps, ATTN: AvII-GCT, APO 963083 - CofS, 101st Abri Div (Ambi)1 - CO, lst Bde, 101st Abn Div (Amb1)L- CO, 2d Bde, 101st Abn Div (Ambl)I - CO, 3d Dde, 101st Abn Div (Ambi.)I - CO, 101st Abn Div Sat Comd (Ainbl.)1 - CO, 101st Avri Gp, 101st Abn Div (Ambi)1 - CID, 101st Abn Div Artillery (Amfbl)1 - ACofS, G1, 1019t, Abn Div (AmbI)I - AWoS, G2, 101st Abn Div (Aimb1)

10 - ACofS, G3, 101st Abn Div (Arnbl)1 - ACofS, G4,. 101st Abn Div (Amibl)1 - ACofS, G5, 101st Abn Div (Ambl)

IFe 09 r7ur£Regraded unclassified when separated

Inc losure from classified Inclosure.jCONF1DDNTAL

CON"71DENTIAL

3UB.JCT: Operation &aaart - Lessons Learned, 101st Airborne Division(Airmobile) for Period Ending 31 January 1970, hC3 CZFO0-65 (h2)(U)

r~lnrig was term.nated at Bien !ioa on 27 November. 'our days later, on1 December, training was resumed at Camp Evans. Following the relocationof 3JI.TS at Camp Evans, division schools were consolidated into the Screaming"4agle ..eulacement Training School.

:1. Battalion refresher training continued throughnut the reporting

perind with minor interruptions caused by operational requirements. Thepro.7ram was suspended for the last 10 days of the quarter to permit mLxirum-r-n die)1o3yzrnt in the division's effort to prepere for possible increasede1er-, ictivicy during the Tot period. efresher training will resume in

I, Jenuary, the fifth cycle of the diVi3inl sni'er school wasr L' 1'- an.' new: XK21 snipcr wea )ons %,cre receivel 'n the division. AS:.-: inrtruetor tj m %as as;ijned -.. the divisinn fron the Army Marks-

j_ . 'raining Unit, Fort Benr.inC, !. ith the arrival of the instructor: .hen eaon system, renewed emphasis has been nlaced on the

:'vizi:.fn sniaer iroz'w,.

Two cycles of the 11st -irborne Division nirmobile i.perations;c' iora conductd during the period. Commmnders and staff officersf:- the division; let Brigade, 5th Infantry Division (Mech); let. _ v. Ln c. selected V,: cadre members flor. the Don- Da Nat'-nal

fr 2.cnter attcnded the school. ^ttendzr.ce by ARVNco-i-andcrs and staff officer's "s expcctcd to i-prmre coordinati-n betweenthe lat AFRVN Division and the I0st ^irborne Division (_irmobile) forutilization of division air assets.

I. jelected personnel of the ist ,JM! Division receive-' -athfinrero.,erations train-.ng ccnducted by the division ?athfinder platoon. Duringthe renorting ..eri:d, three classes totalling 35 personnel, werefraduated. Thr3( se'itinnal classes are prora-rcd for the next quarter.Fivi3i-n .rti~lcr' conductud training for the ls LFWVN Divioion in pre-parati-n of artillery pieces fcr helicopter -:ovement.

,'. ..u-ing the reportrng pericd, the division initiated Cerati-n.... ,JCLj11. Cne ,rimary objective vf the o:j.erati-n is the upgraingof the effectiveness of territorial force-. -3 one technique of accom-pliohig that objective, mobile training teams (.Ts) have been estatlishedby each brigade to provide training for r/.F/PDF forces in areas wheredivision units do not habitually operate. ?1=s are compose- of one teamleader ("-6 or above), two non-comnoisinned officer primary instructors(L5 or above), two enlisted assistant instructe, one RTO, one medical aideanand "ne Vietnam.ese interpreter or Kit Carson Scout.

12

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIALDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

OPICE OF THE ADJUTANT GENERAL

WASHINGTON. D.C. z0310

UN REPLY RIWER ?"O

AGDA (M) (1 Jul 7U) FOR OT UT 70B024 10 July 1970

SUBJECT: Senior Officer Debriefing Report: MG John M. Wright, Jr., CG,

101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), Period 25 May 1969 to 25

May 1970 (U)

SEE DISTRIBUTION

I. Reference: AR 1-26, subject, Senior Officer Debriefing Program (U)

dated 4 November 1966.

~ 2. Transmitted herewith is the report of MG John M. Wright, Jr., subject

O as above.

3. This report is provided to insure appropriate benefits are realized

from the experiences of the author. The report should be reviewed in

accordance with paragraphs 3 and 5, AR 1-26; however, it should not be

interpreted as the official view of the Department of the Army, or of

any agency of the Department of the Army.

4. Information of actions initiated under provisions of AR 1-26, as a

result of subject report, should be provided ACSFOR OT UT within 90 days

of receipt-of covering letter.

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY:

NETH G. WICKHAMI Incl Major General, USAas The Adjutant Gene':.1

DISTRI BUTION:Commanding Generals

US Continental Army Command

US Army Combat Developments Command

US Army Materiel Command

Conandant sUS Army War CollegeUS Army Command and General Staff College

US Army Air Defense School

US Army Avor School RegradEd unclassified when separatedUS Army Aviation School from classified Inclosure.

CONFIDENTIAL

Best Available Copy

CONFIDENTIALDEPARTMENT OF THL ARM f

HEADQUARTERS. UNITED STATES ARM% VIETNAM

APO SAN FKANCIUCO 96375

AVHCC-DST

SUBJECTs Senior Officer Debriefing Report - MG Jvhr K . Wright, Jr.

Assistant Chief of Staff for Force DevelopmentDepartment of the ArmyWashington, D. C. 20310

1. Attached are three copies of the Senior Officer Debriefing Reportprepared by MG John M. Wright, Jr. The report covers the period25 May 1969 - 25 May 1970, during which time MG Wright served asCommanding General, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile).

2. MG Wright is recommended as a candidate guest speaker at appro-priate service schools and joint colleges.

* FOR THE COMMANDER:

1 Incl --as (trip) ' U' stevens it.2 cy wd HQ, DA I-

Regraded uI :IassIfied when separatedfrom classifed Inclosure.

I

CON FIDE£NTI AL

CONFIDENTIAL

D,;SrRI3UTiON (Cone'd)"> A ry hemca' SchoolUS A.mny CombaL Furveillance SchoolCS Ar.ny Electronic Warfare School!'S Arzrv FnL'neer SchoolLIS Ary Fie!d Artillery SchoolL'S Army Intantry SchoolUS Army Institute for Military AssistanceUL Army Ordnance SchoolUS Army Quartermaster SchoolUS Army Signal SchoolUS Army Southeastern Signal SchoolUS Army Transportation School

Copics furnished:Office, Chief of Staff, US ArmyDeputy Chiefs of StaffChief of Research and DevelopmentAssistant Chiefs of StaffChief of EngineersThe Surgeon GeneralChief of Military HistoryThe Provost Marshal GeneralOSD(SA) Assistant for Southeast Asia ForcesI)irector, Defense Research & EngineeringOffice, Joint Chiefs of StaffCorimanding Generals

I'S Army Electronics CommandUS Army Weapons Co'.andIll Corps, ATTN: Director, Project MASSTER

Chiet of Staff, USAFChief of Naval Operations(omnand. r'. of thc h Mar ine CorpsC o1nna I n t S

Ar-.l Forces 7taff Collegebefense 1nte!lignce SchoolIndustrial College of the Armed ForcesThe National War College

Senior Army Representative, Marine Corps Development & Education CommandThe Air University LibraryDefense Documentation CenterUSAF Project RANDCommanding Officers

US Army Construction Engineering Research LaboratoryUS Army Limited War LaboratoryLS Army Logistics, Doctrine Systems & Readiness AgencyUS Army Mobility Equipment Research & Development Center

2

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

HMEAMUARTERS 101ST AIqBORNE DIVISION (AIRMOBILE)Offic, of the Comenvading General

APO 96383AVDG-CG

11 May 1970SUBJECT: Senior Officer's Debriefing Report

Commanding GeneralUnited States Army, VietnamATTN: AVHGC-DSTAPO 96375

I. (U) Reference, USARV Regulation 1-3, 1 June 1968, subject: SeniorOfficer's Debriefing Report.

2. (C) General:

a. Throughout the period of my tour as Commanding General of the101st Airborne Division (Airmnobile) all of the resources of the divisionhave been focused on achieving the objectives of the accelerated pacifica.tion camnpaign. Operations have been aimed at destroying and neutral..iring VC, VCI, guerrillas, and local forces in the populated areas; locatingand destroying NVA vnits which operate in the piedmont, make intrusionsinto the populated areas, and support VC, VCi, guerrillas, and localforces; and locating and destroying NVA forces, supplies, and installa.tions in the mountains and jungle before they can interfere with pacifica.tion.

b. I have maintAined the policy of conducting all combat operationsin coordination with the lst Infantry Division (ARVN), Thu& Thien Pro.vince and district officials, and territorial forces. ! have constantlyemphasized to my staf4 subordinate comrnauders and their staffs, andthe individual soldier, the importance of considering every action in rela.tion to its impact on pacification and development in the province. Through.out the past year, major portion# of the division's assets, including notF O R- ,, o T 7- 1T 11 " * A 0 A I N 1 0Iz7 o 3 0 c2 CONFIDENTIAL 0wLSME AT W2 Yue TALs;Inc losure 0 AU Tl 12 200 .10.O if 5200 tO

CONFIDENTIAL

8. (C) Training.

a. Combat Commrranders' Course. On 5 August 1969, a CombatCoarnnders' Course was established for newly assigned companygrade officers. The course is presented upon completion of replace-ment training and is designed to review airmobile tactics and tech-niques prior to the individual's arrival in his unit. The POI is basedin part on instruction that newly assigned officers most frequentlyrequest. It is designed to provide a thorough understanding of tacti-cal operations conducted by the division and to increase self-confidenceamong junior officers. Subjects consist of ambush and patrolling, com-pany and platoon tactics, combat demolitions, airmobile operations,and fire support. The course includes informal discussion periods thatfamiliarize the students with division policies and procedures andanswer questions concerning the current tactical situation.

b. Combat Leaders' Course. Selected enlisted personnel in thegrades of E4 and E5 demonstrating leadership potential receive a oneweek course. on leadership and small unit tactics. Aimed at the leaderand potential leader at squad level, this course has been instrumentalin providing improved leadership within infintry platoons.

c. Sniper School. A sniper training program was instituted inSeptember 1969 using a cadre formed from within the division. In Jan-uary 1970, a sniper instructor team, trained at Fort Benning, wasassigned to the division and is now-resporsible for all sniper training.Snipers are currently employed in all infantry battalions, brigade securityplatoons, and the cavalry squadron. In order to improve sniper employ-meat throughout the division, the sniper school cadre makes three dayliaison visits to battalions to assist commanders in more efficient plan-ning and employment of trained snipers.

d. Airmobile Operations. An introduction to airrnobile operationsis presented to newly assigned officers through the division's airmobileoperations school. The purpose of the school is to familiarize comrnman-ders and staff officera with policies, procedures, and techniques for the

employment and utilization of aircraft and the conduct of airmobile opera-tions. Presented every six weeks, the school has attracted students romthe lst In! Div (ARVN); the lst Aviation Brigade: the 173d Airborne Bri-gade; and the lst Brigade, 5th Inf Div (h[ech). Attached at Tab I isa typical program of instruction.

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIALDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

OPrrIC OF THE AIDJUrANT QERMLwASHINGTON. D.C. 23lto

AGDA (M) (24 Jul 70) FOR OT UT 702186 31 July 1970OO SUBJECT: Operational Report - Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 101st

Airborne Division, Period Ending 30 April 1970 (U)

uu SEE DISTRIBUTION

1. Subject report is forwarded for review and evaluation in accordance

Swith paragraph 4b, AR 525-15. Information of actions initiated as aresult of subject report should be forwarded to ACSFOR OT UT within 90days of receipt of covering letter.

2. Information contained in this report is provided to insure appropriatebenefits in the future from lessons learned during current operations andmay be adapted for use in developing training material.

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY:

I Incl KENNETH G. WICKHAMas Major General, USA

The Adjutant GeneralDISTRIBUTION:Commanding Generals

US Continental Army CommandUS Army Combat Developments CommandUS Army Materiel Command

Commandants L.-.US Army War CollegeUS Army Command and General Staff CollegeUS Army Air Defense SchoolUS Army Armor SchoolUS Army Aviation SchoolUS Army Chemical SchoolUS Army Civil Affairs SchoolUS Army Combat Surveillance SchoolUS Army Electronic Warfare SchoolUS Army Engineer SchoolUS Army Field Artillery School Regraded unclassified When separatedUS Army Infantry School from classified inclosure.

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

DISTRIBUTION (Cont'd)US Army Institute for Military AssistanceUS Army Intelligence SchoolIS Army Signal SchoolUS Army Southeastern Signal SchoolUS Army Transportation School

Copies furnished:Office, Chief of Staff, US ArmyDeputy Chiefs of StaffChief of Research and DevelopmentAssistant Chiefs of StaffChief of EngineersThe Surgeon GeneralThe Provost Marshal General

OSD(SA) Assistant for Southeast Asia ForcesDirector, Defense Research & EngineeringOffice, Joint Chiefs of StaffCommanding Generals

III Corps, ATTN: Director, Project MASSTER1oist Airborne Division

Deputy Chief of Staff, Air Force, Plans & OperationsCommandant of the Marine CorpsDefense Documentation CenterUSAF Project RANDCommanding Officers

US Army Limited War LaboratoryUS Army Logistics, Doctrine Systems & Readiness AgencyUS Army Mobility Equipment Research & Development Center

2

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

MAM)ENT OF THE ARM~Headquarters 101st Lirborne Division (Mxmobile)

APO 96383

LYDG-.GC 17 !-Wy 1970

M1BJZCTs Operational1 Report - Lessons Learned, 101st Airborne Division(Aizzobile) Period Ending W0 April 1970, RCS CSFOR-65 (R2) (U)

SEE DISTRB.TUTION

The inclosed Operational Report - Lessons Learned is forwarded in com-pliance with USARY Regulation 525-15 and XXV Corps Regulation 525-2.

F TMC0WMiIMR

2 d HQl el4Aas 1LIT, LOGIncl wd H, DAAst Adjutant General

DISTR33UTI(N 82 -CINCrYSARPAC, AtPs GP-DT, APO 965583 C G, USART, ATTI'3 LYHG-DST, APO 963758 -CG, =~ Corps, ATTWs LVII-OCT, APO 963493 - otS, 101st Abn Div (iAmli)1- C0, lot Map, 101st Abn Div (Azbi)1 -00, X~ Bd., 101st Abm Div (iumbl)1 -00, 3dL Mdet 101st Abn Div kAubi)1 OD#0 101st Abn Div Spt Cond (Ambi)1 00C, lolt ibn Div Arty (LAbi)1 -00, 101st Avn OpI 101st Abn Div (Ab)1 - ACofSp G1, l~st ibm Div (Anbl)1 - A~ofS, 02, 101st Abu Div kAbl)10 - AWoS, G3, l01st Abu Div (Ambi)1 - AWoS, G4, 101st Abu Div (iumb11 - hCOof, G5, 101t Abn Div (Ambl)

FIX e) 0 7- r)7 Regraded unclassified When separated7 0,;,/ 96 1 from Classified inclosure.Inclosure CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

AID G-QOSMfICT, Osmttinal Report - lessons Leaaed, Mo01t Airborne Division

(AirAbile) Period Zr~in 30 April 1970, RCS CSIOR-65 (R2) (Z)

b. (C) Training.

(1) In order to maximize foroes available during the Tet period,battalion refresher training was suspended from 21 January to 16 Feb-ruAy. A4iin on 9 April, training was sApended due to the Increasedenez contact througout the AO. Training reasined suspended thoughthe end of the reporting period. The program continued to emphasize=rksainahip, all unit taotia, airmobile operatious, mines and boobytraps, and ambush operations.

(2) To assist in upgrading the effectiveness of the territorialforces, additional X*ile training team (WTT) were organiztA, trainedat the Sareeaing Eagle Replacement Training School (SMTS), and employedin the division area of operation. At the end of the reporting period,18 ITTs were deployed.

(3) During the reporting period, a total of 27 selected personnelattended one of the three oyoleu of the MhO Recondo School. Twenty-four personnel from the lst Infantry Division (ARVN) also attended theschool. Each AM soldier was assigned a US buddy who was also attendingthe school to encorage participation by the ARIN and assist in the tran-sition from ARVN to US instruAction.

(4) Three cycles of the 101st Airborne Division (Airmbile) Sniper

School were conducted during the period. Fourteen personnel from thelot Brigade, 5th Infantry Division (Mechanized) and 45 personnel from the101st Lirborne Division (Airnbile) graduated from the school. All grad-uates were equipped with the XH21 snipaej. rifle. A sniper contact team,consisting of the sniper school 0IC and several instructors visited unitsin the field to discuss and assist co-anders in planning for sniperemploynant.

(5) The Pathfinder Platoon conducted training, in pathfinder operationsfo soldies of the lot Infantry Division (ARM). Two classes, totalling35 psonnl, vere g-rdnated. To aid instruction, the Pathfinder Handbookwas translated into Vietnamese. Training stressed pathfinder principles,techniques in planning and conduoting aizobile operations, and ground con-trl of rotary wing aircraft.

(6) The 101st Airborne Division Airmobile Operations School conductedtwo classes at Camp Bogle during the reporting period. A total of 67personnel from the division, the jut Brigds, 5th Infantry Division (lacha-nized), the let Infantry Division (AIN), and H.CV Advisory Team 18 attendedthe o- s. Instrmotice was preented to battalion and higher comodrs,S# and 53 Air officers, azd other selected staff officers. During the monthof April Airmobile Operations School instruotors presented classes to 33cadre pe onnel of the Tietneamxe Dong Da lational Training Center.

CONFIDENTIAL

AD/A-002 573

u. S. ARMY LAND WARFARE LABORATORY.VOLUME II. APPENDIX B. TASK SHEETS

J. E. Mortland

Battelle Columbus Laboratories

Prepared for:

Army Land W,H'fare Laboratory

June 1974

DISTRIBUTED BY:

National Tlrhnicallnfomlltion serviceU. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

m'.' •

PREFACE

This project was performed by Battelle's Columbus laboratories (BeL)

for the U. S. Army land Warfare laboratory (lWl), AberJeen Proving Ground,

Maryland, under Contract No. DAADOS-74-C-0771. Mr. P. M. Anderson of lWl

was the Technical Monitor, and Mr. J. Tuck Br~wn of BCl was the ProgramOi rector.

Batte I Ie wishes to express its appreciation to Mr. Anderson for

his contributions to this Final Project Report on lWl. Due to his lengthy

association with LWL and his interest in setting down for the record a full

accounting of the U. S. Army Land Warfare Laboratory, Mr. Anderson provided

invaluable assistance to the BCl researchers in the gathering of their

documentation, recall ing from his own experiences information necessary to

complete the report. The comments and assistance of Col. Richard L. Clarkson

and Dr. Russel I D. Shelton, Commanding Officer and Technical Director during

lWl's final years, were also vital in assuring the completeness and acc~racy

of this document.

The Final Project Report has been divided into two volumes:

Volume I.

Vo Iume I I.Project Report and Appendix A, Documentation

Arrendix B, Ta<:;i~ Shee-ts

DISCLAIMER

....

The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official

[~partment of the Army posi '-ion. Neither does the c..itation of any items by

trade r,ame constitute official endorsement or ilpproval by the Depi"ir-+meni uf

the Army of the use of such commer·cial items •

"'·¥'Z .$

01-F-6302-F-6303-F -6304-F-b305-F-b3Ob-F-6307-F-6308-F-63Ol-F-S402-F-G403-F-6404 -F-64

*05-F-6406-F-6407-F-64Ol-F-6502-F-65O:'-F-6SJ4-F-65

S F-65Ll6-F·-6507··F-6508-F-6501-F-6602 -F -6603-F-6604-F-6C05-F-6606-F-6607-F-6608-F-6609-F-6603- F-6 7O·1-F-6705-F-6706-F-6707-F-6708-F-6709-F-67lG-F-67ll-F-6712-F-6713··F-671J1-F-6802-F-68

MUNITIONS BRANCH

Grenade DispenserSqueezeboreCounterambush WeaponTiming Device for FuzesCounterambusn Weapon II (M18Al)Improved Sighting System for Small ArmsAerial Smrke Marker & DispenserProp~~3nda Leaflet Bundle BreakerLightweight Truck ArmorTunnpl Detection MunitionsBattlefield IlluminationSmoke Screen, Troop LandingMechanical [)elay Firing Device60MM "brtarShotshell Adaptor for M79 LauncherCompact Rifle SightAirc>"aft Snv:>ke Marker (Colored)Special Sight MountSmoke Screen Adaptor for LAU 3/AFloating Smoke GrenadeSrenade Launcher for Ml Rif'le/CarbineTele~cope and Mount/M14 RifleSmoke Marker Jispenser SMD-lPos it ion M;:. rkerCounterambush ~eapons System (Study)Small Arms ProtecLion for VehiclesCountera~bush Barrage Weapons SystemAdjustable Ranging Telescope (ART)40MM Mul:iihot CartridgeMagazine, Disposable Plastic 5.S6MM and BandoleerMag Teflon Counterambush Weapon (MTCAW)60r-IM Hand Di rected MortarGrapnel With Line (Propelled)40MM Position Marker (PM-3)Veh ic1e Smoke Sc reen Sys temArmor by the YardGrenade foJ7" for Aircraft DeploymentRifle Night SightVehicle Gas Tank ArmorQuad SO"iG Mount ArmorPosition Marker (PM-4)Electric.ally Initiated Battlefield Illumination SystemEvaluation of Rocket Guns40MM Target Marker (Floating)Tunne 1 Weapon

en &z d )

BflBBBB!3LJ[3

[3

13B

[3

13BBBBBB[3

BBBBB138BBR13BBBBBBB[3

13

B[l

03-F-6804-F-6805-F-68Ofi -F-68Ol-F-68Ol-F-69

*02-F-69*03-F-6904-F-6~

05-F-69OG- F-6307-F-69

*08-F -6909-F-691O-F-6901- F-7002-F-7003-F-7004- F-7005-F-7006-F-7007-F··7008-F-7009-F-7010 -F -70

01-F-71li2 -F-7103- F-7104-F-71O:-F-7106-F-71

*07- F-7108-F-7101-F-7'202-F-7203-F-7204-F-72GS-F-7220-F-72G1-F-7302 - F-73G3-F· 7304-F-73'.J5-i-7306-F-7307-F-73()2-r-7430-F-74

MUNITIONS BRANCH (CONTINUED)

Silent Sniper SystemRemote Controlled Rocket FlareHelicopter "Flak Cover" - Feasibility InvestigationAdjustable Ranging Telescope ProcurementBack-Pack Ammur.ition Feed System for the M60 Machine GunTrip Flare Initiatcr, ElectricTdrget Marker - Ai~ DroppableWaterproof AIiIIlO Container for the Individua1 SoldierEvaluation of Mini GrenadeSuppressive Fire Weapon System for HelicoptersMine Clearance Feasibility 'tudyIllumination Warhead, 2.75" RocketBearing Finder for Incoming FireSling Adaptors for the M-16 RifleBright Light Mob Dispersal (RC)Reticle Illumination Adapter Kit (RIAK)Directional Light, PyrotechnicTrip Wire Snagging Device (Improved)Quiet, Special-Purpose RevolverHand-Held Grenade LauncherRIPER (Army)105MM Subca1iber Training DeviceHand-Held Position Marker (PM-4) - RVN Evaluation QuantityOne-Half Size Smoke GrenadeLauncher Improvement for Illumination System Flare, Surface:

Pa ra ch ute XM183Nonsubmersib1e Smoke Grenade40MM Floating FlarePursuit Deter'ring ~uni tionMortar Aiming Device, 60MMSilenced Pistols and RifleWaterways Harassment and Interdiction MineEvaluation of Castab1e SmoKe MixHelicopter DropsightLess Lethal Ammunition for Small ArmsPlastic S.S6MM Blank CartridgeModified Grapnel With LineArctic Tent Stake DriverMIDI Smoke Grenade2.75 Inch Illumination ~arh~ad (MASSTER)Illuminate Spectrum Ana1ys~) StudyLess Lethal Liquid BallLine Source Smoke and Riot Control Auent Rope2.75 Inch Multishot Antitank WarheadChaff Warhead, 2.75 Inch FFARIrTITlObi 1i zerModified Illumination Warhead, 2.75 InchShaped Charge, Antitank, Hand-Thr~vn

90MM and 105MM Subca1iber Trainir.g Device (CATB)

.• r

8-1178-1188-119B-1208-1218-122

B-123B-124B-12515 - I tb

B-127B-l.d3B-1298-130B-131B-132B-13313-134B-135B-136[3 -137

B-13813 -1 3913 - 1408-141B-14213 -1438-144

B-145B-146B-147B-148B-; 49B-150[) -151B-1 :)2B-153B-154B-155[i - FlU

B-157B-158[~-1 S:1G-160

c

r NTRODUCT ION

FINAL PROJECT REPORT -U. S. ARMY LAND WARFARE LABORATORY

Volume II Appendix B. Task Sheets

This Appendix contains complete descriptions of most of the R&D tasks

performed by LWL d~ring its 12 years of existence. (A I isting of GNI tasks

is included in Appendix A as Exhibit 18.) A I isting of al I tasks, grouped

by Branch, appears on pages iii through xvii. The individual task sheets give

the task number, title, level of funding, inclusive performance dates, major

contractors (where such information was readi Iy avai lable), and a description

and results of the work performed. These sheeets are arranged in the same

order as the preceding task I isting, and the only tasks not included (identified

~y an asterisk on the listing) are those that were terminated for various

reason3 after they were funded but before any s~bstantive resJlts were

dC" i eved.

'W

xvi i i

Or

It should be noted, that although the duration of many of these

taSkS was from 3 to 5 years, this does not necessari Iy indicate that LWL was

not tulfi I I ing its quick-reaction mission. Whi Ie LWL did not attain the

!8-month gOel! :n 100 percent of ;ts task efforts, for most of the tasks there

were ~ositive results attained within 18 months, and then work was continued

~o (d~ improve the item, (t) continue otner phases of the task, in various

s~uta~~s, or (c) perform related studies that arose during performance of

the initial task. In many cases, tasks were left open for administrative

~,HpUse:., for some time after rne dctual work WdS completed. This, of course,

ties in witr) tr,c ~iscussion in the body of the report regarding the difficulty

ex~erienced by LWL in determining when a task should be terminated, and some

askS were undoubtedly rarried on further than ~as warranted.

10 summarize, of the 51g completed tas~s for which sheets are

inr.l..Jded, 281, or 50 Dercent, were completed with'n 18 months, and another 93,

(Jr' a totiJl of 66 percf,tpt; 'tiirhin 24 months. Only 75, or 13 percent, were carried........._,.....

Dcyr;r,(j ?, lf~,-,'1"'t":' Of tr,e 38 taSKS i ncl uded that were sti II open whel' LWl w",':>

UiSVJllli .. -.jLJ, !8 r!ad heE:n activo les:, thcln 18 months and another 13 le:-.s H'dn

24 rnont~,s. H,c:;l::: t .skS trlat were sti II open were assigned -t-c: 0ther laboratorie,,,

l ...B-93

TASK NUMBER: 07-F-65

TITLE: Telescope and Mount/M14 Rifle

AUTHORIZED FUNDING: $2,651

TASK DURATION: 23 June 1965 to 18 October 1965

DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS: Design and develop a prototype telescope and mountassembly to provide sniper capability for the M-14. Cal. 7.64mm Rifle. Astandard commercial rifle telescope, Bushnell Scope Chief II 3x - 9x Variablew/cross hairs and command post reticle~ was procured. A mount base, for use witha commercial telescope mount, was designed and fabricated in-house for the M-14Rifle. A Colt Realist 3x telescope, with integral mount, was procure~ for theM-16 Rifle. A cheek pad dssembly, standard for the M-1C, Caliber .30 Rifle(Snipers), was modified for use with the M-14 Rifle. Commercial rain and sunneoprene shields were procured for both telescopes.

After handling and firing tests were conducted, the two telescopeswith mounts. cheek pad assembly. rain and sun shields and mounting instructionswere shipped to Vietnam to 1st Cavalry Division (Air Mobile) in October 1965 forevaluation. After return of the items from 1st Cavalry. the same systems wereshipped to Vietnam for the 1st Infantry Division for evaluation.

-'

____________~ .........._w__- __

B-99

TASK NUMBER: 05-F-66

TITLE: Adjustab1e Ranging Telescope (ART)

AUTHORIZED FUNDING: $22,420

TASK DURATION: 27 December 1965 to 31 August 1967

DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS: The Adjustable Ranging Telescope System consists offnur main components:

a. Telescope, Variable, 3x to 9x, w/stadia lines on reticle.

b. Ballistic cam attached to the variable power actuating ring of thtelescope.

c. ~ount, detachable.

d. Mount base.

In operation. once the weapon has been "zeroed" at a given range. the powera:tuating ring is adjusted so the stadia lines span 30 inches on a target ofopportunity. The ballistic cam. which is connected to the power actuating ringchanges the angle of departure of the scope/weapon such that the "zero" of thesystem is adjusted tn the target range. In practice. this means that a weapon.such as the M14, Caliber 7.62mm Rifle, has a much improved first round hitcapability from 300 meters to 900 meters.

An evaluation by ACTIV resulted in an ENSURE Request for 65 AdjustablRanging Telescopes. The telescopes. the required mounting brackets and carryincases were shipped in October 1968. Liaison was initiated with the designatedParent Agency, USAWECOM. so that normal supply methods could be used for futureprocurements.

~.~.~~~-~--~-----,----------------------------

8-120

TASK NUMBER: 06-F-68

TITLE: Adjustable Ranging Telescope Procurement

AUTHORIZED FUNDING: $40,737

TASK DURATION: 1 May 1968 to 24 October 1968

DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS: This task is described in Task 05-F-66.

.........._~------- ~~.~., .rt t

" ,;

* EXCL ETHE PRESIPARADE

fJ8 0

One of (if not the) biggest problemsrifle shooters have is that of rangeestimation to a target. be it big gameor an enemy target in combat. Theu.s. Marine Corps spends a great dealof time on range-estimation trainingfor snipers as do the other services.both U.S. and foreign.

The U.S. Army snipers have usedLeatheIWood scopes since Vietnam.and the ART (automatic rangingtelescope) is still the Army scope forthe M-21 (M-14 National Match accurized sniper system). Ihave learnedthat the U.S. Marine Corps will betesting the ART II on the M-14 rifle.My theory is that they plan to team itwith their Remington sniper rifle forsniper team protection. protection.

Jim Leatherwood invented andpioneered the development of theART. and it met with great success inVietnam with one-snot kills out to1000 yards.

The ART scope has evolved fromcombining the LeatheIWood patentedadjustment system and mounts withRedfield scopes and later Realist. The10

Charles Leatherwood explains how easy It Is to adjust the range ring on thenew MPL auto-range scope.

Gung-Ho/November. 1982

The newest production (for everyone) automatic ranging scope, the MPC. For $349 it is easily in the right price rangefor most serious hunters and shooters.

Left to right: Jim and Charles Leatherwood and "pusher"Roy Riddle and their gopher getters.

current ART II scope is completelymanufactured by the LeatherwoodBrothers.

Many of you have heard of the ARTbut have never seen or used one.Since there are several rangingscopes on the market, what's the bigdeal, you might ask? Firstly, theLeatherwood was first. Secondly, andmost important, when you completeranging in on a target with theLeatherwood, you can fire point ofaim with no further adjustment.

The ART II scope is the latest scopefor the military, and at over $600 it isnot a plinker scope. With the ART IIyou view a target and tum the powerring until the side bar (heavy portionof cross hairs) of the reticle is equal to18 inches on the 150-meter to 450meter model, or is equal to onemeter (approx. 39 inches) in the 300ta-lOOO-meter model. For example, ifyou saw an enemy soldier you wouldscope him, tum the power ring whichzooms the scope magnification power up or down until the cross-hair barmeasured from the top of his head tojust below his waist (six-foot manusing the Army ART II which is the300-meter to 1000-meter scope).Once this measure matched, youwould put the center of the crosshairs exactly where you want to hit,and fire. No need to know the rangewho cares, it's all automatic.

The ART scopes have a cam ringthat is matched to the trajectory ofthe bullet and ammunition used.When you tum the power ring, youalso turn the cam which rides onthe base. and it literally raises thescope to match the range. Just look,range and fire; even I can do that!

Tne ART II scopes come in twomodels as indicated earlier. Onemodel will effectively range from 150to 450 meters, and the other from300. to 1000 meters. You can. ofcourse. use hold over or hold underfor targets close in or beyond theranging capability of your particularscope. The 300-to-1000-meter scopealso has a 100-meter zero position,however.

If you choose not to use the autoranging capability, you can disable itat the twist of a small knob. You nowhave a fairly ordinary 3X to 9X variable scope.

The ART scopes require that you,the user, supply Leatherwood withyour ammunition specifications andthey will install the correct ballistic

Gung-Ho/November. 1982

cam. You can, of course, own severalcams for various types of ammunition.

Recently I was invited to go down toStephenville, Texas (about 100 milesfrom Dallas-Ft. Worth), to meet withJim (founder) and Charles Leatherwoodand their head honcho jack-of-alltrades company president, Roy Riddle(ex-SOG type), to check out theirfactory (a small metal building and atrailer) and to have a look at somenew scopes.

We first tested out the tried-andtrue ART I and II (I personally own anART Ill. However, the real reason formy visit was to check out their newMPC (military/police/civilian) scope.Guys, if this doesn't crank yourchain, nothing will. The MPC is amuch lower-priced ($349.00) ARTscope. Through a bUSiness agreement with Weaver scopes of El Paso.Texas, the Leatherwoods have takenWeaver's proven V-9 (3X-9X variable)scope and coupled it with an improved ART camming system. TheMPC rangesfrom 200 to600 meters

using a double cross-hair. Simplyputyour target in between the wires,frame 18 inches and shoot. Whocares about the distance - you'll hityour target if you shoot straight.

The MPC is unique in that it usesonly one cam. The Leatherwoodsfound that most bullets from5.56mm through .338 magnum follow nearly the same type of ballistictrajectory curve - just the rangechanges.

Their MPC uses a calibration ringto index the right trajectory for yourammo. Taking your ammo type andbullet weight, you look it up on thesupplied Leatherwood chart (over100 types and calibers!. Once determined, loosen the small thumbscrew. move the calibration ring untilthe number on it aligns with the camarrow, retighten the thumb screwand you are ready.

The scope and rifle should (must)be sighted in at 200 meters, At thiStime you should also double-checkthe range framer by putting an 18-

for an extra $300 plus extra camprices. do you need an extra Inch ortwo of accuracy at 700 meters? Themilltary does. but do you? The ART IIIs of course more rugged than the'1PC. but It Is assumed you don't

treat your hunting rifles llkean M-14In combat - or do you?

Having used theXM-21 (nowM-21)when I was In the Army. I was leery ofthe solve-it-all MPC.

Well. It flat works! I was allowed totest It with everything from 5.56mmthrough a .338-magnum sniper rifle.It Is right on. We then went fromscratch. setting up a Remington 700varmint .308 rifle. After zeroing at200 meters at the head of a hlghpower-ri e chicken silhouette (oneinch uarel. I then cranked It outand ranged in on a deer target at adistance that turned out to be 375yard . One hot. one kl1l: right ontarget. Then I ranged another deer at500 \'ard didn't know the distance : one hot. one kill. Finally Iranged out 0 a ee -ram metallicsilhouette. I aimed a the hole madeby the curl of e horn fired, andthe round wen nea ' thro h the 4Inch-bv-2-lnch h e and did have aspotter "1th a .ood X pe. Thedistance was 600 me e I. "(N,' that'sone accurate ri e b ~,thout thatMPC no shooter co d ave pulledthat shot off.

IfI soundenthu . am. asked If!could have a pe 0 Ip otT to thefield to be comba e ed bv somehard-charging Spectal ForceS peopleand was gh'en one. he dea Is, If Itcan take that kind of paln it canhandle amLhln a ercould dishout. We \\111 upP." e Leatherwoodswith data on he c pe and willreturn It for the r pee on In fourmonths.

They had one 0 er ew ope (stillexperimental) ha _0 0 examine.Called the Ra er I. I has a doublehOrizontal cross-hair ~ith no cam orvariable power ad] ment. If youbracket (1 inche I a tar e betweenthe two wires. \·ou are on at 200meters: if the ar' e won' fit. vou arecloser. If the tar~ I greater than200 meter and- 'ou can match arange dot on the cross-hair for size.you are at 300 meters: if further.simply match the malle t dot andIt's 400 meter. This cope doesreqUire hold O\'er or hold under.However. the qUick range estimationIs super and the use oftheWeaverK-4(4X) scope as the basis Is great. butthe estimated price ofS 100 to $120 IsIncredible! This scope. at this price.will revolutionize scope big-gamehunting In this country.

Well. there you have It. Those country boys (both LeatheIWood brothersare cattle and sheep ranchers).coupled with hard-driving Roy Riddleworking with Weaver. are going totum you every which way but loosewith these new scopes. If your Interest Is peaked. write them at:

LeatheIWood EnterprisesP.O. Bas: 111 GH

Stephenville, Texas 76401(1-817-468-2719). Pr--

Gung-Ho/November. 1982 1

your job. it will do its.

How good is the new MPC?Good question. It is not asabsolutely precise as the ART II. but

A new (not yet for sale) sunshade and lens protector. No, you can't see It Inthe scope view.

Leatherwood ART II scopes (top for M-14) and a selection of ballistic camsused to match.

inch target at 200 meters and bracketit in the wires. Once you are on target.fire. (All LeatheIWood scopes haveregular sight windage and elevationknobs for fine turning.) If you did

12

TECHNICAL REPORT

C NATICK/TR-82/013

SUMMARY OF OPERATIONAL"RATIONS

BY VERA, C. MASON

ALICE I. MEYER

DTIC MARY V. KLICKA

AMELECTEAUG 2 9 1983 JUNE 1982

REPRODUCED FROMBEST AVAILABLE COPY

UNITED STATES ARMY NATICKRESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES

NATICK, MASSACHUSETTS 01760

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED.

FOOD ENGINEERING LABORATORY

UNCLASSIFIED ____

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PACE (When 13ar* ;nferod)

REPOT ECUMNTATON AGERE~AD 1INSTRUCTIONS_____ REPORT________________PAGE BEF.ORE COMPLI'TING F~ORM

I. REPOHT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NU., 3. 'RECIPIENT'S CATALOG, NUMBER

NATICK/TR -32/013 t*g o _________

4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 8. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

SUMMARY OF OPERATIONAL RATIONS TechnicalS. PERFORMING ORO. REPORT NUMBER

NATICK/TR-82/01I37. AUTHOR(*) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMUERNa

Vera C. Mason, Alice 1, Meyer, and Mary V. Klicka

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAoIE AND ADDRESS 10, PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK

US Army Natick Research and Development Laboratories ARE272AH&9OR 9UIT0UMERKansas Street 1-674I19A9

Natick,-MA 01760235043II,ý CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 1 OMr

US Army Natick Research & Development Laboratories im*18ATTN: DFIDNA-WTE 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Natick, MA 01760 13214 7MONITORING AGENCY NAME A ADDRIKIS(if difleregil f~em Controlling Ottic.) 3.S.ECURITY CLASS. (at this report)

Unclassifiedi~d, CECLDASSIEFICATIONIDOWNG1RADING

14. DISTRIBUTION STXTEMENT (at this R;pedi)

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited.

17- DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the obslst entes~red In Block 20, it different from Report)

This project was performed under Marine Corps Requirement M 79-4, Systems Analysistu Define the Required Types of Rations Needed to Support Amphibious Operations,

4S. KEY WORIDS (Continiue an reverse oid* it nec~essary end Idenhtif by block number)

MILITARY RATIONS MILITARY SUBSISTENCERATIONS OPERATIONAL RATIONSFOOD PACKETS SURVIVAL RATIONSRATION SUPPLEMENTS MEALS

20, A§ST1%ACr (CaNhows to rev.ers sh t n.eeasw owd ide~ifIty by blodok number)

"4 This study was conducted to provide baseline data (acceptance, nutrition, stability, utility,weight and cube data, heating and noter requirements) on past and existing military operationalrations/foods to assist In systems analyses tor development of new ration concepts to meetfuture Marine Corps requirements, Operational rations Include: general operational rations,special operational subslstence, survival subsistence and ration supplements. Informationprovided for each ration 'Includes components, requirements for preparation, shelf life, weightand cube information, as well as advantages and disadvantages.

DD O M17 1473 6DITIOM OF INOV 65 15OBSOLETE. UC SFESECUPITY CLASSIFA tIN OF THIS PAGE (Whon Deja Entered)

PREFACE

This study was conducted to provide baseline data (acceptance, nutrition, stability, utility,weight and cube data, heating and water requirements) on past and existing military operationalrations/foods to assist in systems analyses for development of new ration concepts to meetfuture Marine Corps requirements. The Field Ration A, based primarily on perishable foods,is not a part of this review.

This effort was undertaken in support of the Marine Corps Requirement M 79-4, SystemsAnalysis to Define the Required Types of Rations Needed to Support Amphibious Operations;for which Mr. Paul M. Short, Operations Research Systems Analysis Office (ORSAO) is theProject Officer. Mrs. Vera C. Mason was the Project Officer for the Food EngineeringLaboratory (FEL) work unit established to support M 79-4, Food Technology RationEvaluation (Project 1L162724AH99AA, 23125004093).

i

The format in which information is presented follows an outline which the ORSAOdeveloped in order to standardize entries and facilitate computerization of specific data.

DD1 TTA "

E~uLECTE91811•l . ,

S... Availt~bilit!•t•°d 'B ...

Av • I ,.•. o I'

1 41

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PREFACE 1

INTRODUCTION 5

GENERAL OPERATIONAL RATIONS 9

Current

Standard B Ration 10Meal, Combat, Individual 15Meal, Ready-to-Eat, Individual 19

Historical

Ration, Individual, Combat (C Ration) 25K Ration 29Ration, Small Detachment, 5 Persons 32Meal, Landing Force, 25 Persons 36Meal, Uncooked, 25-Man 41Meal, Quick-Serve, 6-Man 47Small Unit Meal, 4 Persons (SUM) 52

Future

T Ration (Tray Pack) 55

SPECIAL OPERATIONAL SUBSISTENCE 59

Current

Food Packet, In-Flight, Individual 60Food Packet, Long Range Patrol 64

Future (under development)

Food Packet, Assault 68Ration, Arctic 72

Historical

Ration, Individual, Trail, Frigid 76Ration, Isolated Site, 3 Persons 80Food Packet, Individual, Auault 85"M" Packet 88

3

t. ...

TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd)

SURVIVAL SUBSISTENCE 91

Current

Food Packet, Survival, Abandon Ship 92

Food Packet, Survival, Aircraft, Life Raft 95

Food Packet, Survival, General Purpose 97

Historical

Food Packet, Survival, Arctic, SA 101

Food Packet, Survival, Tropic, ST 103

Food Packet, Survival, Abandon Aircraft 108

RATION SUPPLEMENTS 112

Current

Ration Supplement, Aid Station 113

Ration Supplement, Sundries Pack 116

Ration Supplement, Beverage Pack 120

Historical

Ration Supplement, Spice Pack, Kitchen 123

Ration Supplement, Hospital 126

List of Referencs 129

4

~ j

GENERAL OPERATIONAL RATIONS

Current

Standard B Ration 1"Meal, Combat, Individual

Meal, Ready-to-Eat, Individual

Historical

Ration, Individual, Combat

K Ration

Ration, Small Detachment, 5 Persons

Meal, Landing Force, 25 Persons

Meal, Uncooked, 25-Man*

Meal, Quick.Serve, 6-ManK

Small Unit Meal

Future

T Ration (Tray Pack)

*Prototypu only; did not advance to sapply status.

L9 I

MEAL, READY-TO-EAT, INDIVIDUAL

ABBREVIATION: MRE

DATE AVAILABLE FOR TROOP ISSUE:

When present stocks of Meal, Combat Individual and/or Food Packet, In-Flight, Individual,as appropriate, are exhausted.

TYPE.-CLASSIFIED (date): 1975

NSN: 8970-00-149-1094

SPECIFICATION: LP/P DES 33-74C

DESIGNED FOR:

Issue to individuals where resupply is established or planned but operational conditionspreclude other meens of subsistence.

USED BY: All Military Services

RATION/MEAL CONSISTS OF:

Type of Components: All menus are based on flexibly packaged foods which are heatprocessed in retortable pouches (flexible cans) or ready-to-eat dehydrated foods. Each of the12 menus provides an entree component, crackers, a spread, an accessory packet, and a plasticspoon. Six menus include fruit, six include cake, and five include brownies or cookies. Fiveinclude a vegetable (beans in tomato sauce or potatoes) and seven Include cocoa beveragepowder. There are five different accessory packets. All contain coffee, cream substitute, sugar,salt, chewing gum, matches, and toilet paper. Three accessory packets provide candy and threean additional condiment (dehydrated catsup or soup and gravy base),

Calories: 1215 average (13.5% from protein; 39,5% from fat; and 47.0% fromcarbohydrates)NUMBER OF MENUS: 12

MEAL, READY-TO-EAT, INDIVIDUAL(12 MEALS/CASE); ONE OF EACH MENU

19

MEAL, READY-TO-EAT, INDIVIDUAL

PRESENT STATUS: In current procurement.

PREPARED BY: Individuals

REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION:

Water: Drinking water for dehydrated components. All dehydrated items with theexception of beverages, for which the requirements are the same as for the MCI (8 ouncesfor each coffee and 6 ounces for each cocoa beverage), can be eaten "as is" if necessary,

Equipment: As with the MCI, fuel tablets must be provided separately, Heating of meatcomponents is desirable; for the retort pouch components, this can be accomplished by removingthe pouch from its carton and holding by one corner, briefly, over a direct flamc, or by heatingwater in a canteen cup and immersing the pouch in the water,

CONSUMPTION OF RETORT POUCHCOMPONENT OF MRE

RECONSTITUTION OF FREEZE DRIED RETORT POUCH MEAT COMPONENT OFMEAT PATTIE COMPONENT OF MRE MEAL, READY-TO-EAT, INDIVIDUAL

20

LU,,VI 'R I , ., r , Ili ¼.w.4 I

MEAL, READY-TO-EAT, INDIVIDUAL

ADVANTAGES:

The MRE is lightweight, compact, and easy to carry. Components can easily be carriedin pockets. An average MRE meal weighs eight ounces less than does the MCI. Individualpouches are notched and thus easily opened by tearing; no can opener Is required.

Quality potential of neat processed components is greater than for the MCI because ofreduced processing time to attain required end-point temperature for sterility. Shelf lifepotential, at least for the fruit and meat components, is expected to be greater than for theirMCI counterparts as the food contactont layer of the package is inert.

The MRE contains a greater variety of components than the MCI (44 compared to 35).The test prototype also withstood airdrop delivery better than the MCI did.

MRE components are easier to carry on the person and to handle in extreme cold thanMCI components. Freezing can he prevented by carrying the pouches next to the personand warming by body heat.

DISADVANTAGES:

The MRE was designed to be acceptable as a sole diet over a period of seven consecutivedays. The risk of monotony when used over a long period, though expected to be loss thanfor the MCI, is presently unknown.

ACCEPTANCE RATING BY TROOPS:

Marked troop preference for MRE prototype over MCI in final field tests; namely,Development Test II/Operational Test II (DTII/OTII).

COST: $48.44/box of 12 menus (1 Jul 821

SHELF LIFE Ivarious conditions):

Potentially longer serviceability than exhibited by the MCI will be established throughstorage tests and surveillance data from volume-procured items.

SUSCEPTIBLE TO DAMAGE BY:

Resistance of present menu container to Insect penetration is being established. Resistanceto damage by other factors is expected to be greater for the MRE, when properly manufacturedand packaged, thin for the MCI because of the resistance of the MRE's dehydrated componentsand the durability of the retortable pouch.

21

H t;-'1i.. . .VI"'I..

MEAL, FBEADY TO LAI, INDIVIDUAL

MEALRATiON CIIARACTLHI ;I (:'1;.

Weight/case 1(3 f)uI hi

Weight/meal 1,03 poundl~s, ,ipproxin'Mac~ly

(less shipping casel

Cube/case 0,03 (;ub;ic fuut

Cube/meal 0,052 cubic feut

Meals/case 12 (1 of eUch menu)

TYPE PACKAGING:

Flexible laminates (food items and accessories) 11 mil polyethylene meal package.

MEA., READY-TO-EAT, INDIVIDUAL TYPICAL MENU:

ALL COMPONENTS FLEXIBLY PACKAGED

COMMENTS:

Supply introduction is in prougruss. Oncu stocks 0W I 1 t0)liSlI(l, thu MRE will upliicu

both the MCI and Food Packet, In Flight, Individual.

22

MEAL, READY-TO-EAT, INDIVIDUAL

MENUS (LP/P DES 33-740W):

Menu 1: Pork Sausage Patty, Freez.DehydrotedCatsup, Dehydrated Cheese Spread

Applesauce Cookies, Chocolate Covered

Crackers Cocoa Beverage Powder

Menu 2: Ham/Chicken LoafStrawberries, Freeze-Dehydrated Peanut Butter

Crackers Pineapple Nut Cake

Menu 3: Beef Patty, Freeze.DehydrltedSoup and Gravy Base Cheese Spread

"Beans w/Tomato Sauce Brownies, Chocolate Covered

Crackers Candy

Menu 4: Beef Slices wIBBO SauceCrackers Peache, Freeze Dehydrated

Peanut Butter Candy

Cookies, Chocolate Covered

Menu 5" Bee stowCrackers

Cherry Nut Cake

Peanut Butter Cocoa Beverage Powder

Fruit, MIxed, Freeze Dehydrated

Menu 6: Frankfurters

Catsup, Dehydrated Jelly

Beans wfTomato Sauce Candy

Crackers Cocoa Beverage Powder

Menu 7: Turkey, Diced w/GravyPotato Potty, Freeze.Dehydrated Maple Nut Cake

Crackers Cocoa Beverage Powder

Jelly

Menu 8: Beef, Diced wlGravyBeans wfTomato Sauce Cheese Spread

Crackers Brownie, Chocolate Covered

Menu 9: Cooked Beef or Chicken a Is King

Catsup, Dehydrated Fruitcake

Crackers Cocoa Beverage Powder

Cheoe Spread

23

__ _ _ _ _ _ _. . •,-- .... .. •,,.A 4 ... . ..,-..

MEAL, READY-TO-EAT, INDIVIDUAL

MENUS (LP/P DES 33-74D)* continued

Menu 10: Meatballs w/BBQ SaucePotato Patty, Freeze-Dehydrated JellyCrackers Chocolate Nut Cake

Cocoa Beverage Powder

Menu 11: Ham SlicesCrackers Orange Nut RollCheese Spread Cocoa Beverage PowderPeaches, Freeze-Dehydrated

Menu 12: Chicken Loaf or Ground Beef w/Spiced SauceCrackers Cookies, Chocolate CmypredPeanut Butter CandyStrawberries, Freeze-Dehydrated

*All menus Include instant coffee, dry, nondairy cream substitute, granulated sugar, salt, andcandy coated chewing gum.

24

I.,dr.,r'.; •,~j,-ar~ - I( ~ v.i~

V

SPECIAL OPERATIONAL SUBSISTENCE

Current

Food Packet, in-Flight, Individual

Food Packet, Long Range Patrol

Future (under development)

Food Packet, Assault

Ration, Arctic

Historical

Ration, Individual, Trail, Frigid

Ration, Isolated Site, 3 Persons

Food Packet, Individual, Asmult

"M" Packet*

*Prototype

' 50.

...................... 741. .

FOOD PACKET, LONG RANGE PATROL

ABBREVIATION: LRP

DATE AVAILABLE FOR TROOP ISSUE: 1964

TYPE-CLASSIFIED (date): Standard A for Army use in FY68 (as interim to the Food Packet,Individual Combat)

NSN" 8970-00-926-.9222

SPECIFICATION: MIL-F-43946

DESIGNED:

For troops in operations precluding resupply for periods of two to tsn da'., Item hasgenerally been Issued at the rate of one or two packets/man/day.

USED BY: All Military Services (except for Marine Corps In peacetime)

RATION/MEAL CONSISTS OF:

Types of components: Each menu provides a precooked, freeze-dehydrated entree in areconstitution package as the main component, with a confection, a cereal or fruitcake bar,coffee, cream, sugar, toilet paper, matches, and a plastic spoon, Menus 1, 4, 6, 7, and 8also contain cocoa beverage,

Calories- Approximately 1100

'1! ,A

MOOD PACKE!LONG RANGE PATROL

64

S, it . .t'• ., h It I tl'r .... •,.".......................'.....................................,........r....f.tr ,:w.,

FOOD PACKET, LONG RANGE PATROL

NUMBER OF MENUS: 8

PRESENT STATUS:

In continuing procurement; requisition to Defense Personnel Support Center, Philadelphia,PA 19101.

PREPARED BY: Individual consumer. Except for beverages, can be eaten P. is, with drinkingwater.

REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION:

Water: Menus 1, 4, 6, 7, and 8, which Include cocoa, require 46. ounces per packet,if all components are rehydrated. Menus 2, 3, and 5 require 40 ounces per packet, if allcomponents are rehydrated.

Equipment: Canteen cup for coffee and cocoa and useful to measure water (1/2, 1/4,or 1/3 canteen cup as appropriate).

ADVANTAGES:

Lightweight and easy to carry. Can be eaten as Is or rehydrated rapidly with cold orhot water. Resistant to damage In handling and free fall delivery. Apparent high acceptability,even with prolonged consumption an the sole diet. Prolonged shelf life of major componentsat elevated temperatures.

DISADVANTAGES:

Bulk freeze-dried components do not reduce volume.

COST: $2.47/PZ (1 April 1981)

SHELF LIFE (various conditions):

Although its maximum shelf life has yet to be determined, this item appears to havebetter keeping quality, when properly manufactured, tnan any other packagerl ration yetdeveloped. It has withstood three years at 38*C (1000 F) with only minimal effect onserviceability.

MEAL/RATION CHARACTERISTICS:

Weight/case 36 pounds gross

Welght/packet 0.70 pounds

Cube/case 1.84 cubic feet

Cube/packet 0.046 cubic feet

Packets/case 40 (5 of each menu)

65

£ .

FOOD PACKET, LONG RANGE PATROL

TYPE PACKAGING:

Flexible packaging, Primary package for entrees consists of an inner polyethylene bag,

which is also the reconstitution package, and an outer polyolefin-aluminum foil-polyester barrier

bag. The menu packet bag is camouflage-colored polyethylene. The packets are packed in

fiberboard shipping boxes.

~jji

I [ 12r. 1ACKI I

ILINCI, hANLil PAIW(11

MW'

COMMENTS:

If conditions permit, the user can prepare a familiar and acceptable hot main course Inseconds simply by adding hot water. If the situation precludes stopping to heat water, the

user can rehydrate the main component in about five minutes in cold water or even eat it

dry with drinking water on the o;Ja.

The Food Packet, LRP, was adopted as interim to the Food Packet, Individual, Combat(see Food Packet, Assault).

66

..... ...

FOOD PACKET, LONG RANGE PATROL

MENUS' (MIL-F-43846B):

Menu I Beef •4ash

Coinflake Bar, Orange, FortifiedCocoa Beverage Powder

Menu 2 Chili Con CameCoconmt Bar, Chocolate Covered

Menu 3 Spaghetti with Moat SauceL.hocolate, Enriched, Sweet with Almonds

Menu 4 Beef with RiceCornflake Bar, Lemon, FortifiedCocou Beverage Powder

Mi•iu 5 Chicken StewChocolate, Enriched, Sweet with Almonds

Menu 6 Esnalloped Potatoes with PorkFruittoke BarCocoa Beverage Powder

Menu 7 Beef StowVanilla Fudge, Chocolate CoveredCocoa Beverage Powder

Menu 8 Chicken and Rice

Chocolate Fudge, Chocolate CoveredCocoa Beverage Powder

*All menus include sugar, cream substitute, and two unitu of instant coffee, as well as matches,

toilet paper, and a plastic spoon.

67

, ..... ..• ... ••, • , , •: .,.•.,, ,•: • ̀````!`% !- /`:• : :••% `••=• `` `<:• • ] ¢`• •] `•• ` "ii•`•`i• •",,,• , . ...,,

From: " " To:Sent: Sunday, April 20, 2008 7:10 PMSubject: FW: Codes and antonyms for codename litefoot novel

Page 1 of 1

5/25/2009

From: litefoot@codenamelitefoot.com [mailto:litefoot@codenamelitefoot.com] Sent: Sunday, April 20, 2008 5:43 PM To: i Subject: Codes and antonyms for codename litefoot novel Hello, ! Hey! Just thought you might like a heads up about the novel you are about to read. First, there are in fact antonyms in my book. General Eslesky, High Voltage, my commanding officer in the novel is actually the opposite of General Westmoreland, my actual in country commanding officer. East less sky = West more land.. Sergeant Carlos Hathcock, white feather, the man that trained me in country, is actually Sergeant Heathcoat, black feather, its antonym in the book. Major Dunn is actually Major Dunn, my CIA direct commanding officer and the man who controlled my efforts there. Your understanding of my novels content is going to be based on your knowledge of the past in Vietnam. To assist you in this, I included a 12 page glossary of terms and codename assignments at the back of the book. Please look this over before you begin reading. FYI: If you purchase a book from the publisher at ;Buybooks on the web.com, you will get a much better product than if you purchase one from say amazon or another outlet. The book you get directly from the publisher is 742 pages in length and is comprised of better quality white paper and cover material. Books you get elsewhere, like from amazon, are only 702 pages in length and are made of lesser materials, brown not white papers atc. This is something I have no control over, sorry. Between you and I; I had to be very careful when I wrote this novel as my neck is stretched out there pretty far. I hope you understand when you reat it. Robert A. Boyd / Litefoot

John Simpson

From: "Corbett Leatherwood" To:Cc: ; "Mike Sexton" Sent: Wednesday, January 21, 2009 1:41 PMSubject: Re: Question About History

Page 1 of 1

5/25/2009

Mr. Simpson, Thank you for your question and you are right on in your estimation. The ART II design was finishing up for production by the end of 1978 and filling direct sale contract with the U.S. Army in mid-1980. A great source of information for the history of the ART can be found in Peter R. Senich's book "The Long Range War - Sniping in Vietnam", in which my father (Jim Leatherwood) worked directly with Mr. Senich, providing information and pictures. Another source of information is Mike Sexton, who I have copied on this email. Mike was personally trained by Jim and is the only certified repair station in the world to work on the ART II. Mike also has the ability to build the ART II, per the original ART II specifications. You can reach him using this email, or visit his website at: http://www.ironsightinc.com/Leatherwood.html Please let me know if I can be of continued assistance, and I wish you the best with your research. Best Regards, Corbett Leatherwood -----Original Message----- From: John Simpson Sent: Tuesday, January 20, 2009 9:55 PM To: Subject: Question About History Hi, My name is John Simpson and back in the 80's I used to teach Army snipers how to use the ART II scope at Ft Bragg, NC. I was trying to satisfy my curiousity about just when the Army started buying the ART II version to replace the old Vietnam era scopes. I've been unable to track down any paperwork to document their entry. Like I said I started teaching in 1985 and I think that the scopes came into teh system only a little time before that. Any help you could give would be appreciated. Regards, John

E-mail: info@snipercentral.comPrivacy Policy

Main Equipment Snipers Sniping Info Forums Shop SC SC Series Rifles About Us Members Software

U.S. Army M21 & XM21 Sniper Weapon System

Image coutesy of Sergeant Major Pantano

Caliber: 7.62x51mm NATO (.308 Win.)

Capacity: 20 or 5 round detachable box magazine

Mechanism: Rotating bolt, gas operated, air cooled,semi-automatic magazine fed rifle

Weight: 11.25 lbs (5.11kg)

Length: 44.1" (112cm)

Barrel: Match Grade 22 inches 1:10 RH twist

Trigger Pull: Specially tuned 4 1/2 pound matchtwo-stage military trigger

Sight: Redfield/Leatherwood 3-9x Automatic Ranging Telescope (ART)

Max Effective Range: 900 yards (822m)

The M21 is esentially a modified M14 National Match rifle. The earlier versions (XM21) had a specially selected walnut stock, but thischanged with the M21 to a fiberglass stock, often camoflaged. The XM21 began to be fielded in the second half of 1969 and remained theU.S. Army's primary Sniper Weapon System until it began to be replaced by the M24 SWS in 1988. Some National Guard units and evena few active duty units (The OPFOR at JRTC for example) still use the M21. The M21 is a very pratical sniper weapon maintainingacceptable accuracy out to about 700 meters. Besides the problem that it is semi-auto and sends brass flying, the M21 was, and still is, avery capable military sniper rifle. The 10th SFG, in conjuntion with the U.S. Navy SEALs has developed an improved version of the M21known as the M25. The M25 was designed out of a need for a semi auto sniper rifle, and it was the weapon of choice for SEAL snipersduring Desert Storm. The M21 holds a dear spot in many U.S. Army snipers hearts (me included), and rightfully so.

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Additional PicturesSniper Sniper, sighting with a M21U.S. Army M21 & XM21 Sniper Weapon SystemUS Army 1 Official US Army photoUS Army 2 Official US Army photoUS Army 3 Official US Army photo

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Codename Litefoot Novel Excerpts

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Headstone, the XM-21 W/ ARTll Telescopic sight

One shot, Two Kills

Be advised: The novel; Codename Litefoot, is based on a true story, my story, a secret story up until now. Its subject matter centers on what I did while serving my country as an Aircraft Mechanic in the United States Air Force, my cover, while operating as a top-secret and highly-covert scout-sniper for the CIA in Vietnam. Persons under the age of sixteen years, especially women, may wish to refrain from reading this novel as they may have nightmares afterward. Some of the graphic writings follow but do not include the more graphic included in the novel. My book and its supporting website, codenamelitefoot.com were copyrighted by Robert A. Boyd in 2007, all rights reserved. The Novel was also listed with the United States Library of Congress, Washington DC and first published in the United States in 2007. Under its copyright protections: No part of the novel: Codename Litefoot, or its supporting website: codenamelitefoot.com, shall be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, photographic including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher and or author. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the codename litefoot novel and its supporting website, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the information contained herein or in the novel: Codename Litefoot.

Codename Litefoot Novel Excerpts

"Reacting to the intrusion of the jagged-edged blade into my skin, I swung the butt of my rifle up and forward under the man's chin, knocking him off his feet and away from me. As the man fell back to the ground I swung the butt of my rifle back to my side, covering my new

http://codenamelitefoot.com/id3.html (1 of 5) [5/7/2008 10:07:41 AM]