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The Business Case forEnvironmental Purchasing
General Administration Training Conferenceand
Tradeshow November 2, 2006
Washington State Department of Ecology
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Green Purchasing Institute
Provides technical assistance to government agencies, businesses and institutions that want (or are required) buy products that have a positive impact on human health and the environment.
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Role of Ecology
Ecology will provide:Trainings on EPP to state and local governmentTechnical assistance on EPP productsHelp with language in new EPP contractsToolkit on the website
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Workshop Overview
This presentation will demonstrate how environmentally preferable goods and services can sometimes offer the “best value” by:
Saving you moneySaving you timeOut-performing conventional products
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
What are EPPs?
Environmentally preferable products (EPPs) are goods and services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environmentwhen compared with other products that serve the same purpose.- Federal Executive Order 13101
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
What are Environmentally Preferable Products?
Made with recycled contentHighly energy efficientDesigned to be long lastingRecyclable or compostableMade from renewable resourcesLess toxic than conventional products
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
EPP Simplified
EPP = Environment +
Price + Performance
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EPP Policies Address Performance and Price
King County's Environmental Purchasing Policy states, for example:All Departments, office and Agencies shall use, and require their contractors to use, environmentally preferable products whenever cost effective and to the extent practicable.
"Practicable" means satisfactory in performance and available at a fair and reasonable price.
Source: King County Environmental Purchasing Policy, www.metrokc.gov/procure/green/policy.htm.
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Environmental PurchasingPrograms Can Save $
In 2005, King County Washington purchased $30.5 million worth of environmentally preferable products and saved $675,000 compared to the cost of conventional products.
King County Environmental Purchasing Program: www.metrokc.gov/procure/green/2005annrep.pdf
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
“Best Value” Procurement
Considers overall (life-cycle) costs of ownership including:
Initial priceUtility costs (e.g., energy, water, etc.)Maintenance (labor and replacement) costsEnd-of-life disposal and recycling costs
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Green Building Yields Economic Benefits
WA Executive Order 05-01, Establishing Sustainability and Efficiency Goals for State Operations, states:
“…the use of green building practices can improve employee productivity, improve building operational performance, reduce building operational costs…”
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Reduce Energy UsageExecutive Order 05-01 directs WA State agencies to
use all practical and cost-effective means available to reduce energy purchases by 10% from FY 2003 levels. meet LEED Silver (green building)
standards on major construction projectsSee EO 05-01 “Establishing Sustainability and Efficiency Goals for State Operations”www.governor.wa.gov/execorders/eoarchive/eo_05-01.pdf
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Compact Fluorescent LightsCut energy use by 60-75%
26-watt CFL replaces a 100-watt incandescent light bulbSave up to $30 in energy costs
annuallyLast about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs
Reduce replacement, installation and recycling costs
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Compact Fluorescent Lights
CASE STUDY: New York City recently adopted a policy to eliminate all incandescent light bulbs in their buildings whenever there is a drop-in CFL replacement available.Find CFLs on WA State lamps contract (#00802) and WCSA Grainger contract (#11305)
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Energy-Efficient EquipmentAppliances (contract #04405; only some models are Energy Star-certified)
Stoves and refrigeratorsWashers and dryers
Office EquipmentComputers (EPEAT-certified)CopiersPrinters
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Reduce Petroleum UseExecutive Order 05-01 directs WA State agencies to
take all reasonable actions to achieve a target of 20% reduction in petroleum use in state vehicles by September 2009
Freeze use of SUVs unless >30 mpgPrioritize hybrids & fuel-efficient vehicles
See EO 05-01 “Establishing Sustainability and Efficiency Goals for State Operations”www.governor.wa.gov/execorders/eoarchive/eo_05-01.pdf
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Cost more initially but save $ by:Cutting fuel use by up to 50%Having lower maintenance costsHaving a higher resale value
WA was first state to award a contract for hybrid vehicles in 2000; over 600 purchased. See www.ga.gov/vehreq/vehacq.htmlFor more info on hybrids, see http://www.newdream.org/procure/hev.pdf
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Reduce Paper UseExecutive Order 05-01 directs WA State agencies to
take all reasonable actions to reduce the life cycle impacts of paper productsreduce use of office paper by 30% from FY 2003 levels
See EO 05-01 “Establishing Sustainability and Efficiency Goals for State Operations”www.governor.wa.gov/execorders/eoarchive/eo_05-01.pdf
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Duplexing Printers & Copiers
Save money on paper, postage and document storage.
CASE STUDY: Columbia University saved $105,000 in one year by defaulting to duplex printing in its computer center.Require vendors to ship with duplex default on and train employees to use duplexing equipment.
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Buy Remanufactured Equipment
Toner and ink cartridgesOffice FurnitureRetread tiresRe-refined motor oil and anti-freeze
Be aware that remanufactured energy-using products may not be efficient.
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Remanufactured Toner and Ink Cartridges
Used in laser and ink jet printers and copiersCost 30-60% less per copy than “virgin” cartridges
CASE STUDY: King County, WA saved $300,000 in 2005 buying 7,250 remanufactured toner cartridges
See www.metrokc.gov/procure/green/tonecart.htm
Remanufactured laser toner cartridges available from WA Central Stores
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Buy Reusable Items
Avoid single-use items such as disposable cutlery & other food service itemsUse microfiber mops instead of paper towels Use hard plastic food storage containers, not wrap or bagsInvest in a water filter rather than buying bottles of water
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Rechargeable Batteries Can be “recharged” up to 1000 times Reduces replacement and disposal costs Can be recycled free by the industry-financed Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corp. (RBRC) Call2Recycle Program www.rbrc.org/call2recycle/community/index.html
Can be found on the WSCA Grainger contract (#11305) and Washington’s Electrical Supplies contract (# 07400)
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Buy Less-Toxic Products
Lower hazardous waste disposal costsPossibly lower liability, disability and insurance costsAvoid need for training to handle hazardous materials Minimize hazardous material spillsPrevent problems such as poor indoor air quality, chemical burns, and asthma
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Injuries to Janitorial Workers
Injuries Per Year (per 100 Janitors)Workers’ Comp. Claims 2 per 100Unreported 4 per 100
Average Cost Per Claimed InjuryLost Time $350Medical $375
$725Source: Washington State • Dept. of Labor & Industry
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Green Cleaning Products
Screen out toxic chemicals that can cause cancer, birth defects, eye and skin irritationProhibit ingredients that are toxic to fish, deplete the ozone layer, or persist in the environmentAre available on two WA contracts
WSCA Grainger Industrial Supplies (#11305)WSCA Green Cleaners Contract (pending)
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Reduce Packaging
Buy in bulk, if feasible.Choose concentrates, then dilute.Avoid individually packaged items.Choose reusable or recyclable packaging.
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Reusable Shipping Containers
CASE STUDY: State of Washington recently required their computer equipment to be delivered in reusable shipping containers
All packaging is reusable (and shipped back to Dell) or easily recyclable (e.g., corrugated cardboard)
City of Seattle has similar arrangement with Gateway
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Specify Recyclable Products and Packaging
Use white, rather than colored paperSpecify packaging that accepted in your recycling program. Avoid PVC and other difficult-to-recycle packaging.Avoid aerosol containers.
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Compostable Food Service Items
If reusable food service items are not practical, use biodegradable food service items and compost them
CutleryPlates and bowlsCups (hot and cold)Bags
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Close the Loop: Buy Recycled
Creates markets for recyclable materials
Creates jobs
Manufacture often uses less energy, water and toxic chemicals
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Recycled-Content Products on WA State Contracts
Copier paper and other office supplies
Janitorial paper products and trash bags
Carpeting and other flooring products
Re-refined motor oil and antifreeze
Retread tires
Reprocessed latex paint
Find recycled products in Central Stores, WA contracts and WSCA contracts (Grainger)
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Re-refined Lubricants (Motor and Hydraulic Oils)
Meet performance standards of petroleum-based products
Are competitively priced
Are on WA contract (#09005)
Model specs available from King Co.
See http://www.metrokc.gov/procure/green/oil.htm
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Recycled Antifreeze
CASE STUDYKing county purchased over 15,000 gallons of antifreeze made with concentrated re-refined ethylene glycol in 2005. They paid $50,000 and saved over $13,000.
See www.metrokc.gov/procure/green/antifrz.htm
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Manage Surplus
Don’t overbuy.Assess needs carefully.Track product usage and waste. (Require vendors to report sales.)Re-purpose equipment if possible.WA State Surplus sells used items to government entities and nonprofits; see www.ga.wa.gov/surplus/surplus.htm
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Lease, Rent and Share Equipment
Reduce amount of equipment purchased & managed at end-of-lifeCan apply to computers, copiers, vehicles, appliances, etc.Include recycling clause in lease agreementsEstablish & utilize “tool lending” libraryProcure services instead of products
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Encourage “Take-Back” in Purchasing Contracts
Saves time by shifting responsibility for recycling to manufacturers and distributorsStimulates infrastructure for efficient recyclingEncourages manufactures to redesign their products to be more durable, more easily recyclable, and less toxic
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Specify Independently Certified “Green” Products
Look for independent third-party certifications such as:
Green Seal (US EcoLogo)Environmental Choice (Canada)Energy Star (Energy efficiency only)
Forest Stewardship CouncilUSDA Organic/Fair TradeGreen Guard (Low-VOC only)Scientific Certification Systems
(verification of “green” claims only)
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Beware of Industry Self-Certified “Green” Products
Industry standards are usually weaker than those set by independent third party organizations.Some industry-based certification programs include:
Green GlobesCRI (Carpet and Rug Institute)
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
State EPP ResourcesState EPP Resources
Purchasing Reference Guide for Environmentally Preferable Purchasing, WA General Administration and Department of Ecology, November 2005www.ga.wa.gov/PCA/Forms/EPP-
Manual.pdfSearch contracts by going to www.ga.wa.gov/purchase/search-contracts.htm
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For assistance from For assistance from Ecology, contact:Ecology, contact:
Karin Kraft 360-407-6693 [email protected]
Tina Simcich [email protected]
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Coming this spring: EcologyComing this spring: Ecology’’s s brand new EPP Websitebrand new EPP Website
Product bulletinsAutomotiveCleaning productsElectronicsPaper productsFurnishingsGrounds maintenanceGreen building products
Government regulationsStandardsModel policies and languageContracts with EPPSuccess storiesToxins in products bulletins
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
General Resources:“Green” Products & Specs
EPPNetwww.nerc.org/eppnet.html
Contains information on subscribingto a listerv dedicated to green purchasing issues
Center for a New American Dreamwww.newdream.org/procure/index.html
Green purchasing clearinghouse,including policies, product alternatives,
case studies, etc.New Report: A Cleaner Way to Clean Up Graffiti
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Commonwealth of Massachusettswww.state.ma.us/osd/enviro/enviro.htmIncludes specifications and fact sheets
on less-toxic cleaners and other EPPs
City of San Franciscowww.sfgov.org/sfenvironment/aboutus/innovative
/epp/purchasing.htmConducted a pilot program to test less-toxic chemical products in the municipal workplace.
King County, Washingtonwww.metrokc.gov/procure/green/
Excellent EPP fact sheets
State & Local Government EPP
November 2, 2006November 2, 2006 Green Purchasing Institute
Questions? Comments? Ideas?