TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Environmentally Preferable Lighting Purchasing TFM Show April 10, 2006 Jennifer R. Dolin, LEED ® AP Environmental Marketing Manager

TFM Show, Chicago 2006

Environmentally Preferable Lighting Purchasing

TFM ShowApril 10, 2006

Jennifer R. Dolin, LEED® APEnvironmental Marketing Manager


My Background 16 years experience in the environmental field A masters degree in environmental policy from Tufts University 5 years with Commonwealth of Massachusetts’ Executive Office of

Environmental Affairs 10 years with US Environmental Protection Agency

5 years developing specifications for the EPA’s ENERGY STAR program Helped write a Federal Executive Order for energy-efficient products Team lead for large-volume purchasing/procurement initiative 5 years with EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality

Environmental Marketing Manager for OSRAM SYLVANIA since 2004 LEED® Accredited Professional


Agenda

Environmentally preferable purchasing

Lighting considerations for EPP

Environmental factors and criteria

Selecting environmentally preferable lighting


Environmentally preferable purchasing

Federal, state and local guidelines for EPP

Typically focus on “single attribute” products

Computers and monitors – ENERGY STAR® Paper – recycled with 30% post-consumer waste Carpet – low VOCs (volatile organic compounds)

Lighting is different


Lighting Considerations

Universal requirements – building codes and lighting standards

Additional criteria – applications, performance characteristics

Environmental needs – environmental attributes


IESNA Standards (Illuminating Engineering Society of North America)

ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1

Universal Requirements -- IESNA


Needs -- Application factors Light quantity

Task visibility Safety and security

Light quality Color Glare control Highlights and shadows

System compatibility Dimming systems Energy management systems

Color rendering index (CRI) can affect the appearance of objects


Needs – Cost factors

Cost factors

Initial product costs

Maintenance costs

Energy Costs

Disposal costsEnergy

86%

Recycling1%

Material3%

Labor10%

Life Cycle Cost for TypicalFluorescent Lighting System


Environmental Factors

Energy efficiency

Long life and fewer replacements

Reduced heavy metals – e.g. mercury

Green building requirements

Recycling/disposal


What are the criteria that affect environment impact?

There is no single environmental factor that’s “most important” to everyone -- no “silver lightbulb”

Environmental impact is affected by multiple criteria:Lamp type Lumen outputSystem type Energy consumptionNumber of lamps Mercury contentLamp life

In lighting, there are tradeoffs among these criteria


Energy Efficiency


Energy Efficiency

US Department of Energy


Energy and the Environment

Energy consumption affects air quality

Power plants burn fossil fuel to generate electricity

~50% of US electricity comes from coal-burning power plants

Air pollution (emissions) generated when coal isburned

Reduced electricity demand = less fossil fuel burned at power plants = fewer harmful emissions


Fluorescent lamp performance: Energy Efficiency

Factors to consider:

Total system wattage – don’t view lamps out of context

Maintained (mean) lumens vs. initial lumens

Higher efficiency vs. lower lumen tradeoff

Number of lamps can be reduced – not just longer life lamps, but more efficient systems (e.g. 3-lamp troffer vs. 4-lamp troffer)

Potential higher initial costs


Open Office Retrofit Project 3-lamp Systems

Mean System Lumens*

System Wattage**

Lamp Life (12 hrs/start)

F32W T8/741 Instant Start Ballast (normal ballast factor) 6653 87 24,000

F30W Extended performance lampInstant start ballast (normal ballast factor) 7075 77 30,000

F28W Extended performance lamp Instant start ballast (low ballast factor) 5990 63 30,000

F32W Super extended performance lampProgram start ballast 6273 71 36,000

F30W Extended performance lamp Program start ballast 5708 67 36,000

System Comparisons* Mean system lumens based on light at 40% of rated life

** System wattage based on 277V


Open Office Retrofit Project 3-lamp Systems

Mean System Lumens*

System Wattage**

Lamp Life (12 hrs/start)

F32W T8/741 Instant Start Ballast (normal ballast

factor)6653 87 24,000

F30W Extended performance lampInstant start ballast (normal ballast

factor)7075 77 30,000

F28W Extended performance lamp Instant start ballast (low ballast factor) 5990 63 30,000

F32W Super extended performance lamp

Program start ballast6273 71

F30W Extended performance lamp Program start ballast 5708 67 36,000

System Comparisons* Mean system lumens based on light at 40% of rated life

** System wattage based on 277V

36,000


Long life


Fluorescent lamp performance:life

Switching cycle (number of times switched per day)

Type of ballast

Operating temperatures (cold or hot)


Fluorescent lamp performance:life

Longer life lamps mean fewer replacement cycles

Cost savings for lamp purchase maintenance Disposal

Fewer raw materials used


Reduced heavy metals – e.g. mercury


Mercury -- What is the purpose of mercury in lamps?

Fundamental to efficient operation of fluorescent lamps

Also important in HID lamps


Fluorescent lamp performance: light output

Initial lumen output

Maintained lumen output

Pink lamp, symptomatic of mercury starvation


Total 5-year Mercury ContributionFluorescent Lamp vs. Incandescents

0

15.26

71.52

3.50

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Fluorescent Incandescent

Hg from power plant(5 years)

Mercury in lamp

Milligrams of mercury

Look beyond the mercury IN the lamp….


Green building -- LEED®


LEED® and Lighting

Many green building rating systems include energy performance (ENERGY STAR®, Green Globes®)

LEED® Energy & Atmosphere category relates to lighting

As a baseline, ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 must be met

Buildings earn points for bettering this standard


Mercury and LEED-EB

Major confusion here!

MR Prerequisite #2: Toxic Material Source Reduction: Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs

Credit 6 – Additional Toxic Material Source Reduction: Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs


Mercury and LEED-EB, cont’d

Toxic Material Source Reduction: Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs Requirement: Maintain mercury content of all mercury-containing light bulbs below 100

picograms per lumen hour, on weighted average, for all mercury-containing light bulbs acquired for the existing building and associated grounds.

Relies on lamp type and, most importantly, quantity of each lamp type

Calculation is for the entire project



ProductFamily

Lamp Description Projected Number of Lamps to be

Purchased in Performance

Period(for Building and

Grounds)

One Lamp HgContent

(milligrams)

Picogramsper lumenhour for

each type ofLamp

HID 150W Metal Halide 1 38.0

507

FLUORESCENT 54W T5/830 1 2.5

27

Total Pg/lhr 241.07

•Total picograms per lumen hour = 241.07

•Each lamp has very different measurements

•Could lead some decision-makers to avoid 150W Metal Halide lamp



Product Family Lamp Description Projected Number ofLamps to be

Purchasedin Performance

Period(for Building and

Grounds)

One Lamp Hg

Content(milligrams)

Picograms perlumen hour for

each type of Lamp

HID 150W Metal Halide

5 38.0

507

FLUORESCENT 54W T5/830 20 2.5

27

Total pg/lhr 93.52

Change in quantity of lamps leads to total picogram per lumen hour measurement for project of 93.52

Same lamp types, different quantities



Each lamp does not need to meet the 100 picogram per lumen hour level

No single manufacturer has lamps that “meet” LEED-EB Some lamps do better in the calculation than others, but all

manufacturer’s lamps can be considered

Products cannot be LEED certified, only buildings can be LEED certified


Lamp recycling


Brief science lesson on fluorescent lamps

Lamp begins life with pure mercury As lamp operates and ages, pure mercury is

“consumed”

Combines with the glass Combines with the phosphor Combines with the deposits on the bulb wall around

the filament Combine with any other impurities in the lamp

Amount not bound up is very small


UWR Lamp Disposal Summary

IMPORTANT POINT: The user (“generator”) always has the primary legal responsibility for proper disposal of spent lamps

Under the UWR, proper disposal in the U.S. is a complex issue

State regulations eclipse Federal regulations


What is TCLP and its relationship to mercury and disposal?

Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) evaluates soluble mercury content

TCLP tests include other elements and compounds

TCLP is “pass/fail”


Preferred Disposal Option -- Recycle

For spent mercury-containing lamps, recycling is currently the most responsible disposal policy that is acceptable in all jurisdictions

Manufacturers use recycled mercury in production of fluorescent and HID lamps

Recovers almost all mercury in a lamp (0.2- 0.4% unrecovered)

Avoids future liability (Superfund cleanup)


Key points


What can you do?

Identify lighting attributes to meet your needs and achieve your environmental goals, rather than focusing on a “single attribute.”

Choose a fluorescent lighting system that performs better in energy usage than a standard system.

Lower your overall environmental impact.


Final points…

Environmentally preferable purchasing relies on setting individual priorities

First, select performance attributes

Then, purchase those lamps that will also meet your environmental goals

There is no single “best” environmental attribute


THANK YOU!!

www.sylvania.com/AboutUs/EnergyandEnvironment

[email protected]

Documents

TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Environmentally Preferable Lighting Purchasing TFM Show April 10, 2006 Jennifer R. Dolin, LEED ® AP Environmental Marketing Manager