THE BIRTH OF THE MODERN WORLD Medieval Legacies & The Renaissance

THE BIRTH OF THE MODERN WORLD

Medieval Legacies & The Renaissance

20th Century Europe

14th Century Europe

14th Century Europe

1. 14th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only defined by unfamiliar political borders, but also by a rigid class system. A class system is…

14th Century Europe

1. 14th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only defined by unfamiliar political borders, but also by a rigid class system. A class system is… Hierarchy of people in society determined by

economic, political, & cultural traits. What is a hierarchy? Modern examples in U.S. society? What does it mean by “economic”?

14th Century Europe


economic, political, & cultural traits. What is a hierarchy? Modern examples in U.S. society? What does it mean by “economic”? Money, trade,

business, markets, supply/demand. What does it mean by “political”?

14th Century Europe



business, markets, supply/demand. What does it mean by “political”? GOV, officials, policies,

laws, rights, elections. What does it mean by “cultural”?

14th Century Europe



business, markets, supply/demand. What does it mean by “political”? GOV, officials, policies,

laws, rights, elections. What does it mean by “cultural”? Social values, beliefs,

norms, traditions, practices.

14th Century Europe

The four (4) main classes in 14th Century Europe from top to bottom were…

14th Century Europe

The four (4) main classes in 14th Century Europe from top to bottom were… Nobles, Clergy, Merchants, Peasants.

Nobles

Political Features: Ran GOV/military. Titles were hereditary.

Passed down from generations.

Had most political power.

Nobles

Economic Features: Ran large farming

estates. Had little economic

power.Cultural Features:

Upper Class (elites) w/ little education.

Clergy

Political Features: Ran Catholic Church. Used in GOV as

advisors. Had most spiritual

power.

Clergy

Economic Features: Ran large farming

estates. Had little economic

power.Cultural Features:

Fluid group (in all levels of society) & highly educated.

Merchants

Political Features: Used in GOV as

advisors. Held little political

power.Economic Features:

Controlled trade, banking, markets.

Had most economic power.

Merchants

Cultural Features: Middle Class (not poor,

but no titles). Highly educated &

cultured.

Peasants

Political Features: Had no power & no

rights. Controlled by nobility &

clergy.

Peasants

Economic Features: Worked on farming

estates for little or no pay.

Had most economic power.

Cultural Features: Lower Class w/ no

education. Tied to the land & often

rioted/revolted.

Religion

1. 14th Century Europe was defined by religion. What is religion?

Religion

1. 14th Century Europe was defined by religion. What is religion? Religion, like politics or economics, is an

ideology. Set of beliefs that a group of people follow.

What were the four main religions in 14th Century Europe?

Religion

1. 14th Century Europe was defined by religion. What is religion? Religion, like politics or economics, is an

ideology. Set of beliefs that a group of people follow.

What were the four main religions in 14th Century Europe? Catholicism, Orthodoxy, Islam, Judaism.

Catholicism

Characteristics: Dominant in W. Europe. Led by the Pope. Any famous Catholics

we might know of?

Orthodoxy

Characteristics: Dominant in E. Europe. Divided by ethnic

groups. Any famous Orthodox

Christians we might know of?

Islam

Characteristics: Dominant in Middle

East, Asia, & Africa. Sunni & Shiite groups. Focus on Koran &

Mohammad, Five Pillars of Islam.

Any famous Muslims we might know of?

Judaism

Characteristics: Spread to Europe,

Middle East, & N. America.

Focus on Old Testament & Talmud/Torah.

Persecuted by several religious groups.

Any famous Jewish Americans we might know of?

Religions Breakdown

The Renaissance (1330-1530)

1. The Age of the Renaissance has often been described as…


1. The Renaissance has often been described as… A time of rebirth in the

study of Greek & Roman culture, art, architecture, literature, & learning.

The Renaissance…


1. The Renaissance has often been described as… A time of rebirth in the

study of Greek & Roman culture, art, architecture, literature, & learning.

The Renaissance… Began in Italy in after the

Black Death. Ended Medieval Era &

began Modern Era. Focused more on humanity

than religion.


2. The Black Death… What was it? What were its symptoms? How did it spread? What places did it afflict?


2. The Black Death… What was it? What were its symptoms? How did it spread? What places did it afflict? It is important for the

beginning of the Renaissance as the Bubonic Plague devastated most of Europe for decades except for Italy. This left Italy as the only

place that could support the Renaissance, but did not start it.

•Where did the disease spread from/to?•Which areas were most/least affected?•Explain the varying degrees of infection?


3. The four (4) main causes of the Renaissance were…


Italy was divided into city-states. A city-state is an

independent city controlling its surrounding land. Italy was a divided country w/o a

king or a central GOV.


Italy was divided into city-states. A city-state is an independent

city controlling its surrounding land. Italy was a divided country w/o a

king or a central GOV. This allowed for a variety of

artistic thought & expression. Each city-state created pieces of

art in their own way. The downside was the lack of

a common defense vs. outsiders. If a foreign power played city-

states off one another, Italy would fall.


City-states were run by merchants & bankers. Merchants focused on

trade, luxurious living, & art. European kings focused on war,

territory, & politics.


City-states were run by merchants & bankers. Merchants focused on

trade, luxurious living, & art. European kings focused on war,

territory, & politics. Merchants had extra

income for art & artists. Money attracted scholars &

artists to Italy; the rest of Europe only had farmland.

The downside was if they ran out of money, then the Renaissance would end.


Merchants were rich from the Spice Trade w/ Asia. The Spice Trade was the

trade of luxury goods between Europe & Asia. Spices, silk, perfumes, porcelain.


Merchants were rich from the Spice Trade w/ Asia. The Spice Trade was the

trade of luxury goods between Europe & Asia. Spices, silk, perfumes, porcelain.

Merchants traded across known land/sea routes w/ Italy as a warehouse for goods. Italy was rich as long as the Spice

Trade remained unblocked. Which routes are by land & which

are by sea? How could you block the Spice

Trade?


Italians discovered Greco-Roman writings. Greco-Roman culture was

lost in the West (500’s AD), but survived in the East (Greece).


Italians discovered Greco-Roman writings. Greco-Roman culture was

lost in the West (500’s AD), but survived in the East (Greece).

In the 1300’s, the Ottoman Empire invaded Greece forcing Greek scholars to flee to Italy.


Italians discovered Greco-Roman writings. Greco-Roman culture was lost

in the West (500’s AD), but survived in the East (Greece).

In the 1300’s, the Ottoman Empire invaded Greece forcing Greek scholars to flee to Italy.

This migration from Greece allowed Italian scholars & merchants to study Classical works. Hence the rebirth of Classical

culture. In essence, Greco-Roman culture

was so old that it became new again.

• Any examples of something old

becoming new & hip again?


4. Italian merchants & intellectuals created three new principles that defined the new movement and acted as guidelines for philosophy, art, architecture, & literature. These principles were…


Humanism: Study of & focus on

human potential, glory, & understanding by modeling Classical culture.


Humanism: Study of & focus on human

potential, glory, & understanding by modeling Classical culture.

It acted as a curriculum for education for elite sons. Rhetoric, arithmetic, grammar,

geometry, & astronomy. W/ education a man could

develop his limitless potential. This was the key to being

respected & influential in this society. W/o it, you were no one.

Renaissance Humanism focused on…

Medieval Christianity focused on…

Human nature to understand God & Nature.





Humanism & Ancient texts for inspiration & education.

Studying God to understand humans & Nature.






Human potential & dignity.


Christian virtues & the Bible for inspiration & education.







Living a life modeled after Classical values & desires.



Christian humility & giving all glory to God.







Living a life modeled after Classical values & desires.



Christian humility & giving all glory to God.

Life as painful pilgrimage to God.


What comparisons do we see between Medieval & Renaissance

ideas?


Individualism: Study of & focus on

humans as individuals, developing all aspects of a one’s life.


Individualism: Study of & focus on

humans as individuals, developing all aspects of a one’s life.

It emphasized the idea of personal success over the community’s.

Once educated in a Humanistic school, a man sought to gain personal greatness & develop as many talents as he could.

Baldassare Castiglione Niccolo Machiavelli


Baldassare Castiglione


Wrote The Courtier. Guide to be a Civilized

Man. Taught young men how to

act in all social situations. This idea became known as

a Renaissance Man. This means to be a master

of many skills. Dancing, wrestling, music,

war, arts, math, poetry, hunting, civic duty, oration.

Baldassare Castiglione


Wrote The Courtier. Guide to be a Civilized

Man. Taught young men how to

act in all social situations. This idea became known as

a Renaissance Man. This means to be a master

of many skills. Dancing, wrestling, music,

war, arts, math, poetry, hunting, civic duty, oration.

What skills does a person need to be a “Renaissance Man/Woman” today? Why?

What skills does a high school student need to be a “Renaissance Man/Woman” in GRC?

Explain who might be a Renaissance Man/Woman in your life.

What comparisons came we draw between necessary Renaissance skills & modern skills?

Niccolo Machiavelli


Wrote The Prince. Guide to Politics &

GOV. Taught young men how

to take & maintain authority in all situations. Basic ideas…

Niccolo Machiavelli


Wrote The Prince. Guide to Politics & GOV. Taught young men how

to take & maintain authority in all situations. Basic ideas: GOV does not

follow morality or religion, GOV is good when effective, be both a fox & a lion.

What does all this mean?

Niccolo Machiavelli


Wrote The Prince. Guide to Politics & GOV. Taught young men how

to take & maintain authority in all situations. Basic ideas: GOV does not

follow morality or religion, GOV is good when effective, be both a fox & a lion.

What does all this mean?

Let’s answer a few questions about leadership & then Machiavelli.

In preparation for the ACT, we will now read an excerpt from The Prince & answer ten (10) questions about the passage. We will go other this in 10 minutes.


Secularism: Study of & focus on the

material (secular) world more than the spiritual world.


Secularism: Study of & focus on the

material (secular) world more than the spiritual world.

It advocated living in the here & now, as well as you can. When developing your skill-

set, the goal was to enjoy the benefits of a successful life.

Often times, believing in secularism led to greed, corruption, & selfishness.

W/o strong Christian values, men lost their morality.

Take this time to fill out the ID Terms from this Packet on 1A!

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THE BIRTH OF THE MODERN WORLD Medieval Legacies & The Renaissance