Upload
linus
View
52
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Medieval and Renaissance Music. MOTET. LATIN WORDS A CAPPELLA (unaccompanied music) HARMONY MODAL (not major or minor but based on one of the seven modes) IRREGULAR METRES (follows the rhythm of the words) MELISMA (several notes to one syllable) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Medieval and Renaissance Music
MOTET• LATIN WORDS• A CAPPELLA (unaccompanied music)• HARMONY • MODAL (not major or minor but based on one of
the seven modes)• IRREGULAR METRES (follows the rhythm of
the words) • MELISMA (several notes to one syllable)• POLYPHONIC (several parts sung at the same
time) • Sacred hymn
Medieval PeriodUp to 1450
• The earliest music we know. Much of the music was not written down.
• Monophonic texture.• Use of modes (dorian, lydian, etc).• Pattern of the Latin words used as the
rhythm.
Medieval Music• During the Medieval period most music was not
written down. Composers who did write their music down usually worked for the Catholic Church. The Church could afford to buy the materials the composers would need to write music. People outside the Church were too poor to buy what was needed to compose music.
• Music notation appeared around the year 900, but it only showed the pitch. It didn't tell you anything about the rhythm. A few hundred years would pass before the notes showed the rhythm.
Pope Gregory I• As music became more complicated, someone
needed to make up some rules for writing down music. That person was Pope Gregory I.
• Pope Gregory l declared that music be standardized. That means that musicians and composers had to use the same rules when writing and performing their music. This music can still be heard today. It is called Gregorian chant.
PlainchantAlso known as Plainsong and Gregorian chant.
Unaccompanied melody set to words of the Roman Catholic liturgy, such as the Mass. Plainchants are modal and have no regular metre. They follow the rhythm of the Latin words.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iN7lT7ojVl0
The Renaissance Period1400-1600
The Renaissance Period1450-1600
• Renaissance means rebirth. This period saw a rebirth in knowledge. Science and the arts were becoming more important.
• Christopher Columbus discovered America, Michelangelo was painting the Sistine Chapel, William Shakespeare was writing plays and Leonardo da Vinci was making great advancements in art, music and science.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cy2Dg-ncWoY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmiEJzp-iYM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jm_7hEUHMpc&feature=related
Characteristics of the Period
• Polyphony – voice parts were given equal importance and share the melody.
• Imitative polyphony.• A cappella singing. • Growth of instrumental, dance and secular
music. • Antiphonal effects. • Development of musical harmony and use of
cadences.
Antiphonal• Music for more than one choir/group. One side
answers phrases from the other side with rich, powerful effects produced when they combine.
• Originates from Venice using contrasting textures – chordal and imitation, blend and contrast.
• Contrasts between groups – high and low, loud and soft dynamics, solo and groups, bright and dark timbres (tone colours)
• Fills the entire space of a Cathedral and so completes man’s visual and aural depiction of Heaven on earth.
Sacred Music
MassThe Roman Catholic service of the Mass has had A great influence on the development of music. High mass (Missa Solemnis) has 5 passages of Plainsong (the proper of the Mass) and 5 extended passages (the Ordinary of the Mass)which are often set in an elaborate choral way. The ‘Ordinary’ is the Section referred to as the Mass in a musical sense.
MassFeatures of the Mass include Latin text and polyphonic texture, and it is usually sung a cappella. Originally used in church worship, but in later years became a large-scale work for chorus, soloists and orchestra. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRsDgtqtx5Qhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcKasCiX26Y
5 Main Sections of the Mass• Kyrie – Lord Have Mercy• Gloria – Glory be to God on High• Credo – I believe• Sanctus - Holy, holy (often include the Benedictus)• Agnus Dei – Lamb of God
A special setting is the Requiem (Mass for the dead).
Think – ‘King George Cuts Sandwiches Buttering Always.’
MotetA sacred choral work with Latin text and Contrapuntal (polyphonic) texture. It was usually sung a cappella.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgKLIMIhh1c
AnthemSimilar to the Motet but sung in English.
A Verse Anthem includes the organ and is written for soloists with sections for full choir.
Secular Music
MadrigalA non-religious work, polyphonic in style, using imitation. Features of madrigal include text in English, use of word painting, through-composed music, usually sung a cappella.
Listen to the word painting in John Farmer’s Fair Phyllis:1. ‘Fair Phyllis I saw sitting all alone’ – sung by
a solo soprano before the another three voices complete the quartet.
2. ‘Up and down’ – the pitches give the illusion of moving ‘up and down.’
The music has an irregular metre moving between simple and compound time.
Ayre• An ayre (air or song) is a madrigal
which can be performed by a solo voice with lute accompaniment; by solo voice accompanied by other instruments; or with all parts sung by voices with or without accompaniment.
BallettA type of madrigal in strophic form which was originally danced to. It features a fa-la-la refrain at the end of each verse.
Instruments of the Renaissance Period
Consort of viols
Lute
Rebec
Woodwind Instruments
Rackett – double reed bass instrument
Crumhorn – double reed, range of just over an octave
Cornett – similar to a recorder but played with a trumpet-like mouthpiece.
Recorders
Virginal
Clavichord
The PavanA Renaissance court dance linked with the Galliard. The pavan is slow and stately with two beats in the bar.
GalliardA Renaissance court dance which follows the Pavan. A galliard is quick and lively with three beats in a bar.
Other Concepts...
Word Painting• The music is used to describe the words.• Listen to As Vesta was from Latmos Hill by
Thomas Weelkes. Listen to how word painting is achieved on the following phrases:
1. ‘Running down amain’ – descending scales
2. ‘Two by two’ – two voices3. ‘Three by three’ – three voices
MelismaA melodious flourish of notes sung to a single syllable.
Texture• Monophonic• Homophonic• Contrapuntal (polyphonic)• Antiphonal• Imitation• Canon• Continuous Texture
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes to describe what you hear:
Monophonic Antiphonal
Homophonic Strophic
Gregorian Chant Credo
Madrigal
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes to describe what you hear:
Ballett Antiphonal
Motet Strophic
Madrigal Proper Mass
Through composed
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear:
Kyrie Anacrusis
Motet Melisma
Diminution Antiphonal
Augmentation
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear:
Imitation Syllabic
Anthem Contrapuntal
Madrigal Agnus Dei
Verse Anthem
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear:
Ayre Consort of viols
Contrapuntal Consort of recorders
ModalWord painting
Homophonic
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear:
Ayre Madrigal
Madrigal Motet
Word Painting Change fromsimple to
compoundChange from time compound to simple time
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes to describe what you hear:
Antiphonal Compound time
Pavan Galliard
Overture Viols
Ballett
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear:
Trill Galliard
Ballett Pavan
Rebec Lute
Virginal
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear:
Lute Word Painting
Motet Imitation
Ayre Homophonic
Madrigal
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes to describe what you hear:
Trill Throughcomposed
Ballett Consort
Homophonic Strophic
Augmentation
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear:
Galliard Motet
Crumhorn Contrapuntal
Homophonic Consort of recorders
Consort of viols
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three Boxes to describe what you hear:
A cappella Mass
Strophic Melisma
Rebec Madrigal
Diminution
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear:
Anthem Madgrial
Motet Imitation
Verse Anthem Sanctus Benedictus
Through Composed
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes to describe what you hear:
Viols Madrigal
Homophonic Crumhorn
Contrapuntal Consort of recorders
Prose Question 1There are three types of madrigals, the madrigal proper, ballett and ayre. The ballett is ________ in form whereas the madrigal proper is ___________. The ballett also contains a _______ refrain. The madrigal proper has a ___________ texture. An ayre is usually __________, often by a ______.
Prose Question 2The Mass is sung in ________. The texture is __________ with many voices singing in ________ of each other. The music is unaccompanied (___________).
A motet is sung in _________. It features several voices singing in _________ of each other with a ___________ texture. An anthem is sung in _________ and a ________ features an accompaniment (often the organ).
Prose Question 3When composing a Mass or motet, the composer often splits the choir in two or has more than one choir. He can then create a dialogue between the different voices. This creates an ____________ effect.
Two important dances from the Renaissance period were the ________ and _________. The __________ is a slow dance with _______ beats in a bar. This is followed by a __________ which is _______ with ______ beats in a bar.
Medieval and Renaissance Music
Sacred Music
Secular Music
Characteristics
Instrumental Music