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The Birth of a Nation Chapter 2. Mrs. C Strickland and Ms. K Boring. Location and Standard. Standard: USHC 1—The student will demonstrate an understanding of the conflicts between regional and national interest in the development of democracy in the United States. Indicators: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Birth of a Nation
Chapter 2
Mrs. C Strickland and Ms. K Boring
Location and Standard• Standard:
– USHC 1—The student will demonstrate an understanding of the conflicts between regional and national interest in the development of democracy in the United States.
• Indicators:– USHC-1.2 (representative government, English impact)– USHC-1.3 (Declaration of Independence, American Revolution)– USHC-1.4 (Articles of Confederation, Constitution of 1787,
Philadelphia Convention, ratification of the US Constitution)
– USHC-1.5 (Constitution’s protections, Bill of Rights, federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances)
– USHC-1.6 (two-party system, George Washington, Federalists)– USHC-1.7 (John Marshall, Supreme Court, national government)
• EOC Book Location: pgs. 35-60• Text Book Location: pgs. 83-199
2.1 The American Revolution
The “Founding Fathers”• political leaders/statesmen who
were in the American Revolution:–signed the United States Declaration of Independence –In the American Revolutionary War–Established the United States Constitution•“Framer” (statesmen who created the Constitution)
Are You a Loyalist or Patriot?YOU DECIDE
There’s a New School In Town
Westside High School—
• All school rules will apply PLUS:
• Any referral will result in a $100.00 fine (tax).
• Any D or F gained in a class will require Saturday school AND summer school plus a fine of $25 per D or F PER semester.
• Paper fee/tax for papers• Cell phones and iPods will
be confiscated and crushed.
• One fight will result in immediate expulsion
Anderson Democratic
Charter High School—
• Student will vote on new school policies.
• Students will not be fined for Ds or Fs.
• There will be no AP or honors courses.
• There will be no sports programs.
ROLE Loyal New School
WHY??
Athlete –scholarship potential
Top 10% of Class
Average Student – No extracurricular
Good student – Mom is on the School Board
Rebel – many referrals
Class President
I. Loyalist or Patriot?
Loyalist: colonist who remained loyal to the Crown (Great Britain)
Patriot: colonist who wanted to break from England
Loyalist or Patriot?• “Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace-- but there is no
peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!”
(P. Henry)
Loyalist or Patriot?
• "If I must be enslaved, let it be by a KING at least, and not by a parcel of upstart, lawless Committeemen. If I must be devoured, let me be devoured by the jaws of a lion, and not gnawed to death by rats and vermin". (S. Seabury)
ROLE PATRIOT? LOYALIST?FARMER
ROYAL GOVERNOR
MERCHANT
BLACKSMITH
TAX COLLECTOR
SLAVE
Early Colonial Circumstances (1600s-1700s)
• Colonists wanted democracy:– Each colony established a
representative assembly with a right to levy taxes• By the American Revolution, most colonies were
changed to royal colonies• England’s Problems and a Change of
Thinking:– English Civil War (1642-1651)– King James II was overthrown in the
Glorious Revolution, replaced by William and Mary (1688)• Parliament gains rights
– After the GR, John Locke pushes natural rights, social contract, authority of government in the hands of the people
Join, or Die—Colonial Unity Needed
Colonial and English Tensions Build…
Late 1600s—Europe =
mercantilism.England needed
colonies for favorable balance of
trade.Export MORE than
import.
1660-England started the NAVIGATION ACTS: British
colonies could only sell certain goods to England. The few goods
allowed to be sold to other countries were taxed.
After 1720—England allowed the colonies to control
themselves (Salutary neglect)
--Colonies taxed themselves (except Nav. Acts) --Had their own governments
1754—The French and Indian War:Britain fought
against France and its Native American allies for land in the
United States
The
War
for
Inde
pend
ence
1750
1754—The French and Indian War:• England Struggles at First:– Guerrilla warfare VS. gentleman’s warfare.
• ACTIVITY: View this video clip. Create a T-Chart to compare guerilla and gentleman’s warfare. You will put THREE qualities on each side which make the warfare's DIFFERENT. As you watch the clip, you will decide the qualities of each warfare. *The British use gentleman’s and the Native Americans use guerrilla.
T-Chart Example(Three different qualities)
Cats• Purr when happy• Independent• Like to sleep in
high places
Dogs• Growl when they
feel threatened• enjoy chasing
cars• Bark to warn
VIDEO CLIP• Last of the Mohicans:– Time:– 15:28-21:25– 1:11:50-1:20:20
1754—The French and Indian War:
• 9 years of fighting = HUGE debt for England
• France finally gave up claims to Canada and all land East of the Mississippi
• France’s defeat = England is the ONLY true colonial power.
B/c of this huge debt, England abandons
salutary neglect and starts to enforce
mercantilism and taxes on the colonists.
1754—The French and Indian War:
Colonial and English Tensions Build…
The
War
for
Inde
pend
ence
1760—Writs of Assistance started being issued.
Writs of Assistance: general search warrants allowing British authorities to search whatever they wanted for any
reason.Main use—board and search colonial ship to enforce the Navigation Acts.
(Smuggling)
1763—Proclamation of 1763 issued by King George III.
(forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains
—MANY ignored this request)
Supposed to be for the good of the people, because the Native
Americans were attacking the settlers
there.
Colonial and English Tensions Build…
The
War
for
Inde
pend
ence
1750
1760s—Laws and Taxes Passed By Parliament (to pay for the French
and Indian War).~The Quartering Act, The Stamp Act,
The Declaratory Act, Townshend Acts…etc.
While the colonists
have been upset and
felt like their rights
were being taken away
—these new laws and
taxes INFURIATED
them.
King of England/Parliament:YOU WILL PAY THESE
TAXES!
The Colonists
Activity: The Colonial English Law Book• You are creating a
Colonial English Law Book.
• You will need to include:– the Sugar Act of 1764– the Quartering Act of
1765 – the Stamp Act of 1765– the Declaratory Act of
1766– The Townshend Acts of
1767
• Each page of your law booklet will include:• the name of the law• its explanation of how
colonists are required to act because of the law.
• One colored picture which will help the reader understand the law
• *You will need your Chrome Books or phone to look this up.
The Sugar Act of 1764• Importation duties placed on
sugar, molasses, wine, silk, cloth, tropical fruits (indirect tax)
The Quartering Act of 1765• Colonists were required to
supply and house British soldiers in North America.
The Stamp Act of 1765• Taxed nearly all printed material,
by requiring it to bear a government stamp. (DIRECT tax)
The Stamp Act of 1765• The Stamp Act Congress–Delegates met together
after the Stamp Act – James Otis: “No taxation
without representation!”• Colonists had no representation in Parliament, and Parliament was taxing them!• Protest: Colonies imposed a boycott of British goods.–To refuse to use or buy certain
goods/services
Declaratory Act of 1766• Stated that Parliament had the
authority to impose laws on the colonies.– Ended the Stamp Act, but passed the
Declaratory Act on the SAME day.
• Underlying Tone: England was implying that it expected the colonists to comply with Britain and her laws
The Townshend Acts of 1767• Taxed imported goods like glass
and tea– The colonial reaction to this was so
violent, that British troops were sent in mass to Boston.
The Sons of Liberty (Also—Daughters of Liberty)
• Formed after Stamp Act, heavily involved after the Townshend Acts
• Group of radical patriots formed to protect the rights of the colonists, “secret” society, headed by Samuel Adams— “The Father of Independence”
• Enforced the boycotts by using violence
• Common Form of Violence: shop smashing, house burning, tar and feathering, hangings
• Video Clip: Tar & Feathers ohn Adams Tar and Feather Scene:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFWZ925zK0A
Colonial and English Tensions Build…
1750
1770—The Boston Massacre: British soldiers felt threatened by a mob of angry protesters and fired shots that
left several colonists dead.
Video Clip:• The Boston Massacre
Reenactment Explanation—”Revolution in Boston”
Colonial and English Tensions Build…
The
War
for
Inde
pend
ence
1750
1773—The Boston Tea Party: Sons of Liberty and other radicals raided ships
and threw British tea overboard
1773—The Coercive/Intolerable
Acts: English Parliament
response to Boston Tea Party, called
“intolerable” by the colonists due to
harshness
5 Acts of Coercive Acts:
1.Boston Port Act—closed down Boston
Port2.Massachusetts Government Act—
brought the control of the
Massachusetts government into the hands of the British
government3.Administration of Justice Act—allowed governor to move
trials of royal officials to England
4.The Quartering Act—troops could be
quartered in homes/buildings
5.The Quebec Act—took some land away
from the colonies.
Colonial and English Tensions Build…
The
War
for
Inde
pend
ence
1750
1774—First Continental Congress: every colony EXCEPT Georgia sent
representatives to deal with crisis.*Sent letter to king—stating they had no
representation so should govern themselves – direct result of the
Intolerable acts!
1775—Lexington and Concord: British went to seize colonial arms at Concord
and were met by colonial militia at Lexington.
“Shot heard round the world”
1775—Second Continental Congress: meet to discuss and find a resolution with
England, peace instead of war
1776 (January)—Common Sense:
Thomas Paine publishes the famous pamphlet
and the case for independence. Many were swayed to the
cause.
July 4 1776—The Declaration of Independence:
Second Continental
Congress declared independence from England
Video Clip:• First Continental Congress—America
The Story of Us
• The Boston Tea Party—America the Story of Us
360 Classroom• Choose 10 events or terms from your
notes that you don’t know:– Create a picture definition–Write the word definition– Put your names on the board!
The Declaration of Independence• Author: Thomas Jefferson– Egalitarianism—idea that all men are
created equal– Inalienable rights—natural rights that
the government could not take away• “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”
– Included a list of complaints against the king
• Influenced By: John Locke and the Enlightenment
The Declaration of Independence Problems and Contradictions
• Problem 1: Colonies became states and made their OWN constitutions
The Declaration of Independence Problems and Contradictions
• Activity: What is the second problem/great contradiction?
• Using the Declaration of Independence, you will on your own discover what the second problem is…please follow directions.
The Declaration of Independence Problems and Contradictions
• SO WHAT IS IT?
• WHAT’S THE GREAT CONTRADICTION OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE?
The Declaration of Independence Problems and Contradictions
• Problem 2: The Great Contradiction• all men are created equal?– Slaves?–Natives?–Women?–Minorities?
• The DOI would spark debates that would eventually lead to heated division and the Civil War
US Advantages in the War for Independence
• Drive and determination:– Fighting for their homeland and the
right to govern themselves– Knew if they lost, they’d be hung
for treason• Knowledge:– Fighting on their own front, know
the land–Had fought alongside the British
and were familiar with their tactics
George Washington• Commander-in-Chief
of the Continental Army
Lord Charles Cornwallis
The Leaders of the Armies
• A Colonel in the British Army–Most famous leader and active
in the Southern Campaigns
The Northern War• The Battle of Saratoga (New York):– General Horatio Gates in charge of
Continentals– Key Victory: convinced the French the
US could possibly win• Result: France and the US forged an
alliance
The Northern War• Valley Forge (Pennsylvania):–Harsh winter–No supplies or clothes–Many men died, became too sick to
serve– After enduring VF: Washington’s men
more determined and better trained then ever
• Video Clip• America the Story of
Us• 24:47-31:18, CD 1
(Episode 2, Revolution)• Questions in packet
The Southern War• The “Palmetto State”—South
Carolina–Name given after the attack on Fort
Moultrie– US victory, British retreat– Fort made of palmetto trees,
absorbed the blows of British artillery
The Southern War• Southern Colonial Leaders– Practiced guerilla warfare– More interested in inflicting
damage then winning battles
Thomas Sumter
Francis MarionThe Carolina Gamecock
The Swamp Fox
The Southern War• “Bloody Ban” and the
Green Dragoons– Green Dragoons: British
Light Calvary led by Banastre Tarleton
– Known for cruelty and “Tarleton’s Quarter” • Refusal to accept
surrenders, killed all prisoners
– Banastre Tarleton—most hated British soldier, used for Colonial propaganda
The Southern War
• Tarleton about Francis Marion—–“as for this damned old fox, the Devil
himself could not catch him.”
Yorktown• Cornwallis originally hoped to gain
supplies, but instead became pinned between the US and the Ocean
• French ships provided a blockade—keeping British ships from reaching Cornwallis
• October 19,1781—Cornwallis surrendered to Washington
The Treaty of Paris• Signed in
1783, officially ended the war
• US independence recognized by the British government
Worldwide Impact of the American Revolution
• US ideas spread abroad• Helped ignite other movements:– French Revolution– The Declaration of the Rights of Man
and of the Citizen
Centuries• How can you decided was century
something is?• What years are the 15th century, 16th
century, 17th century, 18th century?• What century do we live in?
Video Clip• The Patriot– 1:02:06-1:11:00 (Start at scene 12)– Questions are in packet.
• Before film—discuss term “militia”
Review Video:• America the Story of
Us—The Boston Massacre
Video Clip:• John Adams—The Declaration of
Independence
Video Clip:• America the Story of
Us—Declaration of Independence
Practice• 2.1 Questions on pgs. 42-43