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1
The Roots of American DemocracyWhat ideas gave birth to the world’s first modern democratic nation?
Chapter 3
2
Reading
Read Section 3.1.
Then respond to these questions:
• What historic events did the two bicentennial celebrations in the United States mark?
• Of what did the bicentennial events remind Americans? Why were these events so powerful?
• What ideas do you think gave birth to the world’s first modern democratic nation?
• NO MORE KINGS!!!
Early Roots
Early Roots
Early Roots
Early Roots
Key Events
• Mayflower Compact – first written framework for self-government in the colonies– IMPACT: Colonists learn to create rules
and governments for themselves
• Virginia House of Burgesses – first elected assembly in the colonies– IMPACT: Elected assemblies spread
through the colonies
Key Events• French and Indian War – After the
war Britain imposed taxes and restrictions on the colonies– IMPACT: Colonists feel Britain is
restricting their rights
• Stamp Act – Britain taxes colonists on paper goods– IMPACT: Colonists feel that taxation
without representation is unjust
Key Events• Lexington and Concord – first armed
conflict between Britain and Colonists– IMPACT: Start of American Revolution
• Declaration of Independence – formal break with Britain– IMPACT: Creates vision for a
government responsible to the people
Origins of the U.S. Constitution
• How did state constitutions lay the groundwork for the U.S. Constitution?– Idea that government should be based
on an established set of principles like:• Popular sovereignty • Limited government
Origins of the U.S. Constitution
• Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation:– No power to tax or control trade– No executive to enforce laws– No court system
• Why?– Fear of a strong central government
Origins of the U.S. Constitution
1. Three major challenges1. Representation – big states vs. little
statesResolved by the Great Compromise which
created a bicameral (two house) legislature
2. SlaveryResolved by counting slaves as 3/5 of a
person for representation and taxation
3. Electing a PresidentResolved by setting up the Electoral College
Electoral College
There are 48 States that have a winner-takes-all rule for the Electoral College. In these States, whichever candidate receives a majority of the vote, or a plurality of the popular vote (less than 50 percent but more than any other candidate) takes all of the State's electoral votes.
Electoral College
4 Times (1824,1876,1888,2000)The winner of the Presidential Election did not win the Popular Vote!John Q. AdamsRutherford HayesBenjamin HarrisonGeorge Bush
2000 Election Details
Origins of the U.S. Constitution
• Partner UP!• Read Sections 3.5 and 3.6 and
– List three beliefs of the Federalists– List three beliefs of the Anti-Federalists
Origins of the U.S. Constitution
• Federalists– Favored strong
central government– Believed separation
of powers kept government from becoming too strong
– Believed in federalism (power divided between central and regional governments)
• Anti-Federalists– Feared strong
government– Believed states are
better able to represent people
– Feared the Constitution lacked a bill of rights to protect citizens
Origins of the U.S. Constitution
• Look up due process. What does it mean?
• Read Sections 4.2 and 4.3 and explain the purpose of each of the main parts of the Constitution.– Preamble– Articles– Amendments
Origins of the U.S. Constitution
• Preamble – purpose of the government
• Articles – define the powers of the three branches of governments
• Amendments – list formal changes to the Constitution
Origins of the U.S. Constitution
• Enumerated powers are those powers specifically listed in the Constitution.
• Implied powers are those powers that come from the ‘elastic clause’ which allows Congress to make all laws necessary for carrying out its duties.
Origins of the U.S. Constitution
• Why does each branch have different powers?
– So no single branch becomes too powerful and each branch is both accountable and responsible for the other branches (checks and balances)
Origins of the U.S. Constitution
• Legislative – make laws, approve treaties
• Executive – enforces laws, negotiates treaties
• Judicial – interprets laws and determines constitutionality
Origins of the U.S. Constitution
Amendments (changes to the Constitution)
1. Proposed by Congress with a 2/3 vote in both houses
2. ¾ of the state legislatures ratify (approve) the amendment
Origins of the U.S. Constitution
Judicial Review means that the Supreme Court hasthe responsibility to determine whether laws are Constitutional!!
Unit 1 Assessment Topics• Nation-state• Legitimacy• Public goods• Monarchy• Dictatorship• Market Economy• Command Economy• Federal system• Popular sovereignty• Marbury v. Madison
• Natural rights• Constitutional issues
and resolutions• Great Compromise• Articles of
Confederation• Due Process• Purpose of the three
parts of the Constitution