The Benefits of Participatory Planning

8/10/2019 The Benefits of Participatory Planning

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Evolving Benefits of Participatory Planning #

Introduction

The o"&ective of this report is to provi'e highly infor!e' arg(!ents$ 'ra)ing fro! !(ltiple

'ifferent so(rces$ to sho) )hy participatory planning is a great "enefit to the planning process

Participatory planning$ 'efine' in this report$ is the involve!ent of !e!"ers of the p("lic in

activities typically 'one "y planners$ an' occasionally govern!ent officials *ften ti!es )hen

non+planners 'isc(ss participatory planning$ it is sai' to "e at one of the t)o e,tre!es: either it is

really great -seen as a )ay for or'inary people to infl(ence !a&or 'ecisions. or it really horri"le

-seen as a shallo) process )hich 'oes not act(ally see/ the opinions of or'inary people. This

'ichoto!o(s vie) is not &(st a!ong !e!"ers of the p("lic$ it is also highly entangle' in the

!in's of planners an' as a res(lt$ it is heavily 'e"ate' in planning theory or e,a!ple$ one i'ea

rising in pro!inence in planning theory is that participatory planning is 'isrespectf(l to the

a"ilities of planners -D(arte$ #01%. Planners p(t a lot of effort into 'eveloping the "est strategies

possi"le$ so having to change these strategies "ase' on the opinions of so!e people )itho(t any

for!al planning e'(cation is tanta!o(nt to "eing tol' that these people /no) planning "etter

than yo( 'o This vie) is co!!on a!ongst the !ore pri'ef(l planners$ the vie) of the !ore

co!passionate planners is at the other en' of the e,tre!e They vie) it as a great )ay to

e!po)er locals$ )ho are typically ignore'$ an' create plans "etter s(ite' to the 'esires of the

people "eing affecte' "y the! B(t it is not &(st planning theory$ planning practice shares these

opposing vie)s An increasing a!o(nt of cities are incorporating participatory planning

co!ponents in 'eveloping all !a&or pro&ects an' plans thro(gh !etho's s(ch as )or/shops an'

co!!(nity !eetings -Ataov$ #00 . 2onversely$ other cities are trying to !ini!i e the a!o(nt

of infl(ence the p("lic has on their pro&ects an' plans either "y eli!inating the participatory

!etho's altogether or "y (sing the !etho's "(t only as a for!ality$ not to act(ally hear the i'eas


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Evolving Benefits of Participatory Planning ;

The arg(!ent of i!prove' effectiveness of pro&ects has "een infl(ence' "y the theory of rational

co!prehensive planning -)ee/ %. This theory is concerne' )ith (sing 5(antitative 'ata to

acco(nt to assess the val(e of propose' pro&ects -Lin'"lo!$ 1@>@. This is 'etri!ental to the

sprea' of it "eca(se participatory planning typically only pro'(ces 5(alitative 'ata$ )hich is

often vie)e' as (ni!portant or irrelevant "y s(pporters of the rational co!prehensive !o'el

The theory also 'isc(sses )hy planners try to !a/e 'ecisions rationally$ an' proposes that "etter

'ecisions co(l' "e !a'e thro(gh other )ays of thin/ing -Ba(!$ 1@@;. This anti+rational

senti!ent is "eneficial to participatory planning as it allo)s greater )eight to "e place' on the

'esires of those !ost e!otional$ )hich is (s(ally those !ost affecte'$ an' catering pro&ects to the

nee's of those !ost affecte' )ill !a/e the pro&ect !ore effective

This arg(!ent has also "een infl(ence' "y the planning theory of Ne) r"anis! -)ee/

11. *ne of the /ey i'eas of this theory is the creation of areas )ith a Csense of co!!(nityC

-Talen$ 1@@@. This relates to creating !ore effective pro&ects since essential to the creation of a

sense of co!!(nity is fin'ing o(t )hat the resi'ents 'esire$ an' the easiest )ay to 'iscover these

'esires is thro(gh participatory planning9 a plan )hich acco(nts for these 'esires )ill s(rely "e

!ore effective than one )hich 'oes not The theory !entions that a lot of people are critical of

Ne) r"anis! "eca(se they 'o not (n'erstan' the principles "ehin' it -Ellis$ #00#. This

highlights the nee' for !ore transparency in planning activities -so that the p("lic is "etter

infor!e'.$ )hich can "e attaine' thro(gh participatory planning$ an' relates to the increase'

effectiveness "eca(se )or/ing )ith /no)le'gea"le people )ill res(lt in a !ore effective pro&ect


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Evolving Benefits of Participatory Planning

The arg(!ent of "etter relationships "et)een planners an' !e!"ers of the p("lic has "een

infl(ence' "y the planning theory of a'vocacy an' social &(stice -)ee/ >. A'vocacy is the i'ea

of planners "eing representatives of the interests of vario(s gro(ps$ incl('ing the people if the

p("lic -Davi'off$ 1@;>. This e!phasi es the nee' for strong relationships "et)een planners an'

the p("lic -since planners can not "e their a'vocates (nless they /no) the! )ell.$ an' this

strong relationship can "e "(ilt thro(gh participatory planning *ne aspect of social &(stice is

concerne' )ith "eing /no)le'gea"le a"o(t the c(lt(re of others - !e!oto$ #001. This is one

of the !ain 'rivers for participatory planning in !(ltic(lt(ral cities$ an' the people in these cities

see/ to for! goo' relationships not only )ith planners "(t )ith each other as )ell$ )hich can

happen thro(gh participatory planning

This arg(!ent has also "een infl(ence' "y the planning theory of 'iversity an' pl(ralis!

-)ee/ . This theory 'isc(sses e,tensively ho) to create a cohesive co!!(nity in an area )ith

an e,tre!ely 'iverse pop(lation - an'ercoc/$ #000. This is co!ple!entary to participatory

planning since "(il'ing strong "on's "et)een planners an' !e!"ers of the p("lic is an initial

step in the creation of an entirely cohesive co!!(nity Pl(ralistic is a characteristic )hich !any

cities strive to attain - ainstein$ #00>. n or'er to achieve pl(ralis!$ it is i!portant that ne)

i!!igrants vie) local fig(res of po)er -s(ch as planners. as helpf(l rather than (ncaring9 in

or'er to create this positive vie) of planners$ participatory planning can "e (se'


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Evolving Benefits of Participatory Planning 10

Images

Figure 1( Participatory planning increases the e5(ity of planning processes thro(gh the incl(sion of locals in the 'ecision !a/ing process

Figure 2( Participatory planning allo)s for !oreperspectives to "e (se' in the 'evelop!entof pro&ects$ res(lting in a !ore infor!e'$an' therefore effective pro&ect


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Figure 3( Participatory planning allo)s strong connections to 'evelop "et)een planners an' !e!"ers of the p("lic


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Evolving Benefits of Participatory Planning 1#

)$*+S #IT,

Ataov$ A -#00 . De!ocracy to "eco!e reality: Participatory planning thro(gh action research Habitat International, 31 -3+%.$ 333+3%%

Baggett$ $ Jeffrey$ P $ = Jefferson$ B -#00;. is/ perception in participatory planning for)ater re(se Desalination, 187 -1+3.$ 1%@+1>

Ba(!$ ? -1@@;. Why the rational para'ig! persists: Tales fro! the fiel' Journal of Planning Education and Practice, 15 -#.$ 1# +13>

Davi'off$ P -1@;>. A'vocacy an' pl(ralis! in planning Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 31 -%.$ 331+33

D(arte$ -#01%. he fall of !lanning e"!ertise etrieve' fro!http:GG))) planeti en co!Gno'eG;@#;3

E'er$ 2 c $ chooley$ J $ (llerton$ J $ = 4(rg(ia$ J -#01#. Assessing i!pact an' s(staina"ilityof health$ )ater$ an' sanitation interventions in Bolivia si, years post+pro&ect Pan

American Journal #f Public Health $ 3$-1.$ %3+%

Ellis$ 2 -#00#. The ne) (r"anis!: 2riti5(es an' re"(ttals Journal of %rban Design, 7 -3.$ #;1+#@1

ainstein$ -#00>. 2ities an' 'iversity: ho(l' )e )ant itH 2an )e plan for itH r"an Affairs &e'ie(, )1 -1.$ 3+1@

o,+ o'gers$ L $ = 4(rphy$ E -#01%. nfor!al strategies of po)er in the local planningsyste! Planning heor*, 13 -3.$ #%%+#;

Fo('s!it$ = Blac/"(rn$ J -#001. Participatory !(nicipal planning in Bolivia: An a!"ig(o(se,perience De'elo!ment in Practice, 11 ->.$ > +>@;

?arvey$ D -1@@;. *n planning the i'eology of planning n 2a!p"ell ainstein -E's. &eadings in !lanning theor*, 1 ;+1@ *,for': Blac/)ell

?ealy$ P -#010. +a ing better !laces- he !lanning !ro.ect in the $1 st centur*/ Ne) Ior/:4ac4illan 2hapters 1 =


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p("lic+private policy !a/ing he Professional eogra!her, 53 -#.$ #0 +#1

4cTag(e$ 2 $ = Ja/("o)s/i$ -#013. 4arching to the "eat of a silent 'r(!: Waste'consens(s+"(il'ing an' faile' neigh"orhoo' participatory planning Applie' eogra!h*,)) $ 1 #+1@1

4oran$ 4 -#00%. The practice of participatory planning at 4apoon A"original settle!ent:To)ar's co!!(nity control$ o)nership an' a(tono!y Australian eogra!hical 0tudies,)$ -3.$ 33@+3>>

Participatory Planning -A. 6Photograph8 etrieve' fro!http:GG))) i'rc caGENGProgra!sGAgric(lt(re an' the Environ!entG2li!ate 2hange

an' WaterGPagesGArticleDetails asp,HP("lication DM11@

Participatory Planning -B. 6Photograph8 etrieve' fro!http:GG))) gopi,pic co!G>> Gparticipatory+planning+is+'iffic(lt+eno(gh+)hy+not+strive+for+apples+Ghttp: )))Othenat(reofcitiesOco! )p+content (ploa's #01% 03 cenarios+>> ,%#0O&pgG

Participatory Planning -2. 6Photograph8 etrieve' fro!http:GG))) !agical(r"anis! co!GarchivesG> @

Pellegrini$ L -#01#. Planning an' nat(ral reso(rces in Bolivia: Bet)een r(les )itho(tparticipation an' participation )itho(t r(les Journal of De'elo!ing 0ocieties, $8 -#.$ 1 >+#0#

P(gh$ J -#013. pea/ing )itho(t voice: Participatory planning$ ac/no)le'ge!ent$ an' latents("&ectivity in Bar"a'os Annals of the Association of American eogra!hers, 143 ->.$1#;;+1# 1

a/ellaria'i$ A -#013. trategic participatory planning in archaeological !anage!ent inFreece: The Philippi 4anage!ent Plan for no!ination to NE 2* s Worl' ?eritageList onser'ation and +anagement of Archaeological 0ites, 15 -1.$ 13+#@

an'ercoc/$ L -#000. When strangers "eco!e neigh"o(rs: 4anaging cities of 'ifference Planning heor* and Practice, 1 -1.$ 13+30

Talen$ E -1@@@. ense of co!!(nity an' neigh"o(rhoo' for!: An assess!ent of the social'octrine of ne) (r"anis! %rban 0tudies, 36 - .$ 13;1+13 @

Tarsitano$ E -#00;. nteraction "et)een the environ!ent an' ani!als in (r"an settings:ntegrate' an' participatory planning En'ironmental +anagement, 38 ->.$ @@+ 0@

!e!oto$ < -#001. Wal/ing in anotherCs shoes: Episte!ological challenges in participatoryplanning Journal of Planning Education and &esearch, $1 -1.$ 1 +31
http://www.idrc.ca/EN/Programs/Agriculture_and_the_Environment/Climate_Changehttp://www.gopixpic.com/557/participatory-planning-is-difficult-enough-why-not-strive-http://www.magicalurbanism.com/archives/5789http://www.magicalurbanism.com/archives/5789http://www.idrc.ca/EN/Programs/Agriculture_and_the_Environment/Climate_Changehttp://www.gopixpic.com/557/participatory-planning-is-difficult-enough-why-not-strive-http://www.magicalurbanism.com/archives/5789

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The Benefits of Participatory Planning