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The Beginning of the U.S.
And it’s all because of the Constitution!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT7dMHAiCfs
Washington, the President
• when Washington took Office, new country in debt (bc of American Rev. War)
• John Adams = Vice President• Created a Cabinet (a group of
advisors) of men he knew and trusted
• hired Hamilton as Secretary of Treasury to get us out of debt
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A38mW2Il48k
Hamilton’s Financial Plan
• pay of all war debts• raise govt. revenue (money)
through taxes and tariffs (taxes on imported goods)
• create a national bank to give govt. a safe place to keep its $$$
• VERY CONTROVERSIAL!!!
Alexander Hamiltonhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=pzH7mGt0VDE
• Sec. of Treasury (Washington’s cabinet)
• Federalist Party – believed in a strong fed. govt.
• govt. must encourage business & industry
• Nation’s capitol: Washington D.C.
Thomas Jefferson
• Sec. of State (Washington’s cabinet)• Democratic Republicans• Disagreed with Hamilton about his bank,
industry, and the Federalist Party (hated him soooo much, he quit his job) and created a new political party– focusing on agrarian economy & state
rights• James Madison agreed with him
Farewell Address
• Avoid Political Parties!!! • He warned they could seriously weaken the
unity of America… do you agree?• He pushed for neutrality (becoming an
unpopular idea) between war in France & Great Britain… in the end, did not serve a 3rd term as president
• John Adams becomes the next U.S. President (with two political parties leading the way)
John Adams
• Famous leader, cousin of Sam, fighting for independence in Massachusetts, American representative in Europe (negotiating peace)
• President after Washington (he was the 1st VP)
• Ran again in next election, but lost to Jefferson
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0PE_kC-3EY
Federalists vs. Anti-federalists
• Federalists = wanted strong national govt.
• Anti-federalists = feared strong central govt. and wanted to ensure people’s rights
• Political parties develop because… of disagreements on the role of govt.
Marbury vs. Madison• Marbury (a Federalist), a hopeful Justice
of the Peace judge petitioned to Supreme Court because Jefferson’s sec. of state, Madison, (both DRs) withheld his commission… dirty trick
• Supreme Court denied Marbury’s petition because his claim was unconstitutional
• judicial review: power of a court to review actions on whether or not it is constitutional
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TVkeRUvX_U
John Marshall
• Marshall:– sec. of state under Adams & chief justice of Supreme Court
• Marshall declared Supreme Court had judicial review power & the power of federalism (aka enumerated powers)
• Supreme Court became a co-equal branch of govt. & preserved Federalists’ views
Checks & Balances
• 3 branches (separate but equal)– legislative: makes laws– executive: enforces laws– judicial: interprets laws & judicial
review
• 1. Which president created the Cabinet (a group of advisors)?– A. John Adams– B. Alexander Hamilton– C. George Washington– D. Thomas Jefferson
• 2. Which framer created a national bank to pay off all war debts?– A. John Adams– B. Alexander Hamilton– C. George Washington– D. Thomas Jefferson
• 3. Which future president creates the first political party – coined the Democratic Republicans – who strongly believed in anti-federalism?– A. John Adams– B. Alexander Hamilton– C. George Washington– D. Thomas Jefferson
• 4. The court case of Marbury vs. Madison established what precedent?– A. Checks and balances– B. Separation of powers– C. Judicial review– D. Anti-federalism