The Basis of Cellular Inheritance

Chapter 9Part 1

Vocabulary Clarification

Human Karyotype

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES: carry the same genetic info, one copy is from Mom and one copy is from Dad

XX = Female

XY = Male

Diploid vs. Haploid

Diploid cells (2n) have 2 sets of chromosomes (almost all cells in the human body)

Haploid cells (n) have one set of chromosomes (gametes or sex cells)

The Cell Cycle

INTERPHASE

Phases of Mitosis: PROPHASE

Phases of Mitosis: METAPHASE

Phases of Mitosis: ANAPHASE

Phases of Mitosis: TELOPHASE

Regulating The Cell Cycle

• Cells complete the cell cycle at different paces; some cells don’t divide

(ex: neurons, cardiac muscle)

• Special proteins direct the sequence of events and serve as “checkpoints”

• When this “control system” malfunctions, cells reproduce at the wrong time and place leading to tumors

Tumors and Cancer

Benign Tumors

Abnormal mass of normal cells

Malignant Tumors

Masses of cancer cells

Cancer cells displace normal tissue

Cancer cells can metastasize or spread from their site of origin

Cancer Treatment

SURGERYRemove tumor from tissue

RADIATIONExpose dividing tumor cells

to high-energy radiation to disrupt division

CHEMOTHERAPYUse antimitotic drugs to

prevent spindle formation or function

SIDE EFFECTS• Damage reproductive

cell development (sterility)

• Damage intestinal cells (nausea)

• Damage hair follicle cells (hair loss)