THE ATLANTIC WORLDTHE ATLANTIC WORLD

SPANISH CONQUEST IN THE AMERICASSPANISH CONQUEST IN THE AMERICAS CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS: ITALIAN SAILOR WHO CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS: ITALIAN SAILOR WHO

SAILED FOR SPAIN; HE SAILED W TO REACH THE E.SAILED FOR SPAIN; HE SAILED W TO REACH THE E.COLUMBUS’S FLEETCOLUMBUS’S FLEET1) NINA 2) PINTA 3) SANTA MARIA1) NINA 2) PINTA 3) SANTA MARIA

COL. 1COL. 1STST VOYAGE CONSISTED OF 3 SHIPS AND VOYAGE CONSISTED OF 3 SHIPS AND LANDED ON OCT. 12,1492.LANDED ON OCT. 12,1492.

COL. 2COL. 2NDND VOYAGE BROUGHT 17 SHIPS AND 1000 VOYAGE BROUGHT 17 SHIPS AND 1000 SETTLERS TO FORM A COLONY IN THE SETTLERS TO FORM A COLONY IN THE CARRIBBEAN.CARRIBBEAN.

COLONY: LAND CONTROLLED BY A NATION COLONY: LAND CONTROLLED BY A NATION OUTSIDE OF ITS BORDER.OUTSIDE OF ITS BORDER.

NINA; PINTA; SANTA MARIANINA; PINTA; SANTA MARIA

OTHER EXPLORERS TO TAKE THE SEAOTHER EXPLORERS TO TAKE THE SEA

PEDRO ALVARES CABRAL: CLAIMED BRAZIL PEDRO ALVARES CABRAL: CLAIMED BRAZIL FOR PORTUGAL.FOR PORTUGAL.

AMERIGO VESPUCCI: ITALIAN WHO SAILED AMERIGO VESPUCCI: ITALIAN WHO SAILED FOR SPAIN; CLAIMED AMERICA WAS A “ FOR SPAIN; CLAIMED AMERICA WAS A “ NEW WORLD”.NEW WORLD”.

VASCO NUNEZ BALBOA: 1VASCO NUNEZ BALBOA: 1STST EUROPEAN TO EUROPEAN TO SEE PACIFIC OCEAN.SEE PACIFIC OCEAN.

FERDINAND MAGELLAN: 1FERDINAND MAGELLAN: 1STST TO TO CIRCUMNAVIGATE THE WORLD.CIRCUMNAVIGATE THE WORLD.

SPAIN BUILDS AN AMERICAN EMPIRESPAIN BUILDS AN AMERICAN EMPIRE

HERNANDO CORTES: LANDED ON MEXICO HERNANDO CORTES: LANDED ON MEXICO AND TRAVELED INLAND TO CONQUER AND TRAVELED INLAND TO CONQUER LANDS FOR SPAIN.LANDS FOR SPAIN.

CONQUISTADORS: SPANISH EXPLORERS CONQUISTADORS: SPANISH EXPLORERS WHO FOLLOWED CORTES.WHO FOLLOWED CORTES.

CORTES CONQUERS THE AZTECS:CORTES CONQUERS THE AZTECS:CORTES AND 600 MEN REACH CORTES AND 600 MEN REACH

TENOCHTITLAN, THE AZTEC CAPITAL TENOCHTITLAN, THE AZTEC CAPITAL THAT WAS BUILT ON LAKE TEXCOCO.THAT WAS BUILT ON LAKE TEXCOCO.

MONTEZUMA II MEETS CORTES.MONTEZUMA II MEETS CORTES.

AZTEC EMPIREAZTEC EMPIRE

CORTES;MONTEZUMA IICORTES;MONTEZUMA II

CORTES CONQUERS THE CORTES CONQUERS THE AZTECS:CONT’DAZTECS:CONT’D

MONTEZUMA II: AZTEC EMPORER; MONTEZUMA II: AZTEC EMPORER; CONVINCED THAT CORTES WAS A GOD CONVINCED THAT CORTES WAS A GOD AND GAVE CORTES ½ OF THE AZTEC GOLD AND GAVE CORTES ½ OF THE AZTEC GOLD SUPPLY.SUPPLY.

CORTES AND CONQUISTADORS FORCE CORTES AND CONQUISTADORS FORCE AZTECS TO MINE MORE GOLD.AZTECS TO MINE MORE GOLD.

AZTECS REBEL IN 1520.AZTECS REBEL IN 1520. CORTES DEFEATS THE AZTECS IN 1521.CORTES DEFEATS THE AZTECS IN 1521.

CORTES CONQUERS THE CORTES CONQUERS THE AZTECS:CONT’DAZTECS:CONT’D

3 REASONS THE SPANISH DEFEATED THE 3 REASONS THE SPANISH DEFEATED THE AZTECS: AZTECS: 1) SPANISH HAD SUPERIOR WEAPONS.1) SPANISH HAD SUPERIOR WEAPONS.2) CORTES CONVINCED NATIVES TO 2) CORTES CONVINCED NATIVES TO

HELP THE SPANISH.HELP THE SPANISH.3) NATIVES NOT IMMUNE TO SPANISH 3) NATIVES NOT IMMUNE TO SPANISH

DISEASES.DISEASES.

TENOCHTITLANTENOCHTITLAN

SPANISH CONQUER THE INCAS:SPANISH CONQUER THE INCAS: FRANCISCO PIZARRO: SPANISH CONQUISTADOR FRANCISCO PIZARRO: SPANISH CONQUISTADOR

THAT CONQUERED THE INCANS W/ AN ARMY OF THAT CONQUERED THE INCANS W/ AN ARMY OF ABOUT 200 MEN.ABOUT 200 MEN.

PIZARRO CAPTURES ATUALPA(INCAN RULER).PIZARRO CAPTURES ATUALPA(INCAN RULER). ATUALPA OFFERS RANSOM OF 1 ROOM OF ATUALPA OFFERS RANSOM OF 1 ROOM OF

GOLD AND 2 ROOMS OF SILVER.GOLD AND 2 ROOMS OF SILVER. PIZARRO ACCEPTS RANSOM AND THEN HE PIZARRO ACCEPTS RANSOM AND THEN HE

KILLS ATUALPA.KILLS ATUALPA. AFTER THEIR EMPORERS DEATH, THE INCANS AFTER THEIR EMPORERS DEATH, THE INCANS

RETREAT.RETREAT. PIZARRO THEN TAKES CUZCO, THE INCAN PIZARRO THEN TAKES CUZCO, THE INCAN

CAPITAL.CAPITAL.

INCAN EMPIREINCAN EMPIRE

SPAIN’S PATTERN OF CONQUEST:SPAIN’S PATTERN OF CONQUEST: MOST SPANISH SETTLERS (PENINSULARS) WERE MOST SPANISH SETTLERS (PENINSULARS) WERE

MEN.MEN. MESTIZO: MIXED SPANISH/NATIVE AMERICAN MESTIZO: MIXED SPANISH/NATIVE AMERICAN

POPULATION.POPULATION. ENCOMIENDA: LABOR SYSTEM WHERE THE ENCOMIENDA: LABOR SYSTEM WHERE THE

SPANISH FORCED THE NATIVE AMERICANS TO SPANISH FORCED THE NATIVE AMERICANS TO WORK.WORK.

PONCE DE LEON: CLAIMED FLORIDA FOR SPAIN.PONCE DE LEON: CLAIMED FLORIDA FOR SPAIN. VASQUEZ DE CORONADO: SETTLED THE SW U.S. VASQUEZ DE CORONADO: SETTLED THE SW U.S.

FOR SPAIN.FOR SPAIN. NATIVES RESIST:NATIVES RESIST:

1) 1493 COLUMBUS ENCOUNTERS RESISTANCE.1) 1493 COLUMBUS ENCOUNTERS RESISTANCE.2) 1680 POPE’, PUEBLO RULER, EST. A WELL 2) 1680 POPE’, PUEBLO RULER, EST. A WELL

ORGANIZED UPRISING.ORGANIZED UPRISING.

COMPETING CLAIMS IN N. AMERICACOMPETING CLAIMS IN N. AMERICA

NEW FRANCE (FRANCE’S COLONY IN N NEW FRANCE (FRANCE’S COLONY IN N AMERICA) WAS ESTABLISHED.AMERICA) WAS ESTABLISHED.GIOVANNI DE VERRAZZANO: ITALIAN SERVING GIOVANNI DE VERRAZZANO: ITALIAN SERVING

FRANCE; DISCOVERED THE NY HARBOR.FRANCE; DISCOVERED THE NY HARBOR.JACQUES CARTIER: 1JACQUES CARTIER: 1STST TO EXPLORE THE ST. TO EXPLORE THE ST.

LAWRENCE RIVER.LAWRENCE RIVER.LOUIS JOLIET: EXPLORED THE UPPER LOUIS JOLIET: EXPLORED THE UPPER

MISSISSIPPI.MISSISSIPPI.SIEUR DE LA SALLE: EXPLORED THE LOWER SIEUR DE LA SALLE: EXPLORED THE LOWER

MISSISSIPPI.MISSISSIPPI.

NEW FRANCENEW FRANCE

NORTH AMERICAN RIVERS NORTH AMERICAN RIVERS

ENGLISH SETTLE IN NORTH AMERICAENGLISH SETTLE IN NORTH AMERICA

JAMESTOWN: 1JAMESTOWN: 1STST ENGLISH SETTLEMENT ALONG ENGLISH SETTLEMENT ALONG THE COAST OF VIRGINIA;7 OUT OF TEN THE COAST OF VIRGINIA;7 OUT OF TEN SETTLERS DIED OF STARVATION; USED SETTLERS DIED OF STARVATION; USED TOBACCO AS A CASH CROP.TOBACCO AS A CASH CROP.

PURITANS CREATE A “NEW ENGLAND” PURITANS CREATE A “NEW ENGLAND” PILGRIMS: FOUNDED THE 2PILGRIMS: FOUNDED THE 2NDND ENGLISH ENGLISH

COLONY; LOCATED IN PLYMOUTH, MASS.; COLONY; LOCATED IN PLYMOUTH, MASS.; SOUGHT RELIGIOUS FREEDOM.SOUGHT RELIGIOUS FREEDOM.

PURITANS: GROUP THAT SOUGHT RELIGIOUS PURITANS: GROUP THAT SOUGHT RELIGIOUS FREEDOM FROM THE ANGLICAN CHURCH. FREEDOM FROM THE ANGLICAN CHURCH.

JAMESTOWNJAMESTOWN

The The Susan ConstantSusan Constant, , GodspeedGodspeed and and DiscoveryDiscovery reached Virginia in the spring reached Virginia in the spring of 1607, and on May 14, their 104 of 1607, and on May 14, their 104 passengers all men and boys began passengers all men and boys began building on the banks of the James River building on the banks of the James River what was to be America's first permanent what was to be America's first permanent English colony, predating Plymouth in English colony, predating Plymouth in Massachusetts by 13 years. Massachusetts by 13 years.

JAMESTOWNJAMESTOWN

JAMESTOWNJAMESTOWN

JAMESTOWNJAMESTOWN

JAMESTOWNJAMESTOWN

JAMESTOWNJAMESTOWN

PILGRIMSPILGRIMS

PILGRIMSPILGRIMS

THE DUTCH FOUND NEW NETHERLANDTHE DUTCH FOUND NEW NETHERLAND

HENRY HUDSON: ENGLISHMAN IN HENRY HUDSON: ENGLISHMAN IN SERVICE OF THE NETHERLANDS; SERVICE OF THE NETHERLANDS; FOUND HUDSON RIVER, STRAIT, AND FOUND HUDSON RIVER, STRAIT, AND BAY.BAY.

NEW NETHERLAND: DUTCH NEW NETHERLAND: DUTCH HOLDINGS IN NORTH AMERICA.HOLDINGS IN NORTH AMERICA.

HUDSON’S VOYAGESHUDSON’S VOYAGES

THE FIGHT FOR NORTH AMERICATHE FIGHT FOR NORTH AMERICA THE ENGLISH OUST THE DUTCHTHE ENGLISH OUST THE DUTCH

CHARLES II BROTHER, THE DUKE OF YORK, CHARLES II BROTHER, THE DUKE OF YORK, DROVE THE DUTCH OUT OF AMERICA.DROVE THE DUTCH OUT OF AMERICA.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR: BRITAIN FOUGHT FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR: BRITAIN FOUGHT THE FRENCH AND THE INDIANS OVER THE THE FRENCH AND THE INDIANS OVER THE OHIO VALLEY REGION; THE BRITISH WON AND OHIO VALLEY REGION; THE BRITISH WON AND SIEZED OVER ½ OF N. AMERICA.SIEZED OVER ½ OF N. AMERICA.

KING PHILLIP’S WAR: METACOM LED AN KING PHILLIP’S WAR: METACOM LED AN ATTACK ON 52 COLONIAL MASS. VILLAGES.ATTACK ON 52 COLONIAL MASS. VILLAGES.

THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADETHE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

SUGAR AND TOBACCO PLANTATIONS IN SUGAR AND TOBACCO PLANTATIONS IN THE COLONIES REQUIRED MANY THE COLONIES REQUIRED MANY WORKERS AND NATIVES WEREN’T USED WORKERS AND NATIVES WEREN’T USED B/C THEY WERE NOT IMMUNE TO B/C THEY WERE NOT IMMUNE TO EUROPEAN DISEASE.EUROPEAN DISEASE.

SLAVERY IN THE COLONIES BEGAN IN SLAVERY IN THE COLONIES BEGAN IN ABOUT 1500.ABOUT 1500.

THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADETHE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE SLAVERY IN AFRICA:SLAVERY IN AFRICA:

1. NON-MUSLIM POW’S WERE SLAVES IN 1. NON-MUSLIM POW’S WERE SLAVES IN AFRICA.AFRICA.

2. IN AFRICA SLAVES HAD SOME LEGAL 2. IN AFRICA SLAVES HAD SOME LEGAL RIGHTS.RIGHTS.

3. IN MUSLIM LANDS, SLAVES COULD HOLD A 3. IN MUSLIM LANDS, SLAVES COULD HOLD A POSITION OF POWER; COULD EVEN BUY THEIR POSITION OF POWER; COULD EVEN BUY THEIR OWN SLAVES.OWN SLAVES.

4. IN AFRICA, SLAVES COULD ESCAPE 4. IN AFRICA, SLAVES COULD ESCAPE BONDAGE.BONDAGE.

5. SLAVERY WAS NOT HEREDITARY IN AFRICA.5. SLAVERY WAS NOT HEREDITARY IN AFRICA.

THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADETHE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE 3 ADVANTAGES OF USING AFRICANS AS SLAVES: 3 ADVANTAGES OF USING AFRICANS AS SLAVES:

1) AFRICANS WERE IMMUNE TO EUROPEAN 1) AFRICANS WERE IMMUNE TO EUROPEAN DISEASES.DISEASES.

2) AFRICANS WERE GOOD FARMERS.2) AFRICANS WERE GOOD FARMERS.3) AFRICANS HAD LITTLE KNOWLEDGE OF THE 3) AFRICANS HAD LITTLE KNOWLEDGE OF THE

AMERICAS.AMERICAS. ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE: BUYING AND SELLING OF ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE: BUYING AND SELLING OF

AFRICANS FOR SLAVES IN THE AMERICAS.AFRICANS FOR SLAVES IN THE AMERICAS. BY THE END OF AMERICAN SLAVERY ALMOST 9.5 BY THE END OF AMERICAN SLAVERY ALMOST 9.5

MILLION AFRICANS WERE TRANSPORTED TO THE MILLION AFRICANS WERE TRANSPORTED TO THE AMERICAS.AMERICAS.

THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADETHE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

THE MAJORITY OF THE EARLY COLONIAL THE MAJORITY OF THE EARLY COLONIAL SLAVES WORKED IN SUGAR, TOBACCO, AND SLAVES WORKED IN SUGAR, TOBACCO, AND COFFEE PLANTATIONS; SOME SLAVES WERE COFFEE PLANTATIONS; SOME SLAVES WERE ALSO SHIPPED TO THE CARRIBBEAN.ALSO SHIPPED TO THE CARRIBBEAN.

AFRICAN TRIBES COOPERATE W/ THE AFRICAN TRIBES COOPERATE W/ THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE SLAVE TRADE BY PARTICIPANTS OF THE SLAVE TRADE BY CATCHING AND SELLING SLAVES IN AFRICAN CATCHING AND SELLING SLAVES IN AFRICAN PORTS.PORTS.

TRIANGULAR TRADE:TRIANGULAR TRADE:EUROPE---W. AFRICA---AMERICAS---EUROPEEUROPE---W. AFRICA---AMERICAS---EUROPE

TRIANGULAR TRADETRIANGULAR TRADE

MIDDLE PASSAGEMIDDLE PASSAGE: VOYAGE THAT BROUGHT : VOYAGE THAT BROUGHT AFRICANS TO THE W. INDIES AND THE AMERICAS.AFRICANS TO THE W. INDIES AND THE AMERICAS.

The triangular trade system was so named The triangular trade system was so named because the ships embarked from European ports, because the ships embarked from European ports, stopped in Africa to gather the captives, after stopped in Africa to gather the captives, after which they set out for the New World to deliver which they set out for the New World to deliver their human cargo, and then returned to the port of their human cargo, and then returned to the port of origin. The Middle Passage was that leg of the origin. The Middle Passage was that leg of the slave triangle that brought the human cargo from slave triangle that brought the human cargo from West Africa to North America, South America, and West Africa to North America, South America, and the Caribbean.the Caribbean.

"...the average voyage took from five to twelve "...the average voyage took from five to twelve weeks."weeks."

SLAVERY IN THE AMERICASSLAVERY IN THE AMERICAS

A HARSH LIFE:A HARSH LIFE: 1) AUCTIONED OFF TO THE HIGHEST 1) AUCTIONED OFF TO THE HIGHEST

BIDDER.BIDDER. 2) AFTER SOLD, SLAVES WOULD OFTEN BE 2) AFTER SOLD, SLAVES WOULD OFTEN BE

RIPPED FROM THEIR FAMILIES TO WORK RIPPED FROM THEIR FAMILIES TO WORK AND TOIL IN FIELDS FOR 12 – 14 HOUR AND TOIL IN FIELDS FOR 12 – 14 HOUR DAYS.DAYS.

3) SLAVERY WAS HEREDITARY IN THE 3) SLAVERY WAS HEREDITARY IN THE AMERICAS.AMERICAS.

RESISTANCE AND REBELLIONRESISTANCE AND REBELLION KEPT MUSIC AND STORY TELLING ALIVE.KEPT MUSIC AND STORY TELLING ALIVE. OFTEN WOULD MAKE SELVES LESS PRODUCTIVE.OFTEN WOULD MAKE SELVES LESS PRODUCTIVE. MANY SLAVE LED REVOLTS.MANY SLAVE LED REVOLTS. SLAVERY IMPACT ON AMERICA:SLAVERY IMPACT ON AMERICA:

1) CULTURAL DIFFERENCES.1) CULTURAL DIFFERENCES.2) AG. DEVELOPED FASTER.2) AG. DEVELOPED FASTER.3) POP. GREW.3) POP. GREW.

SLAVERY IMPACT ON AFRICA:SLAVERY IMPACT ON AFRICA:1) LOST A GENERATION.1) LOST A GENERATION.2) POP. DECREASED.2) POP. DECREASED.3) INCREASE IN FIREARMS IN AFRICA.3) INCREASE IN FIREARMS IN AFRICA.

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGETHE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE: GLOBAL TRANSFER COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE: GLOBAL TRANSFER OF FOOD, PLANTS, AND ANIMALS DURING OF FOOD, PLANTS, AND ANIMALS DURING THE COLONIZATION OF THE AMERICAS.THE COLONIZATION OF THE AMERICAS.

CORN AND POTATOES WERE BROUGHT TO CORN AND POTATOES WERE BROUGHT TO EUROPE.EUROPE.

DISEASE, HORSES, CATTLE, AND PIGS WERE DISEASE, HORSES, CATTLE, AND PIGS WERE BROUGHT TO THE AMERICAS.BROUGHT TO THE AMERICAS.

COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION: NEW WEALTH COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION: NEW WEALTH FROM AMERICAS COUPLED W/ A DRAMATIC FROM AMERICAS COUPLED W/ A DRAMATIC INCREASE IN OVERSEAS TRADE. INCREASE IN OVERSEAS TRADE.

THE RISE OF CAPITALISMTHE RISE OF CAPITALISM

CAPITALISM: ECONOMIC SYSTEM BASED CAPITALISM: ECONOMIC SYSTEM BASED ON PRIVATE OWNERSHIP AND THE ON PRIVATE OWNERSHIP AND THE INVESTMENT OF WEALTH FOR PROFIT.INVESTMENT OF WEALTH FOR PROFIT.

INFLATION: RISE IN THE PRICE OF GOODS INFLATION: RISE IN THE PRICE OF GOODS COUPLED WITH A DECLINE IN THE VALUE COUPLED WITH A DECLINE IN THE VALUE OF MONEY.OF MONEY.

JOINT STOCK COMPANY: A GROUP OF JOINT STOCK COMPANY: A GROUP OF PEOPLE POOLING THEIR WEALTH FOR A PEOPLE POOLING THEIR WEALTH FOR A COMMON PURPOSE.COMMON PURPOSE.

THE RISE OF CAPITALISMTHE RISE OF CAPITALISM MERCANTILISM: IDEA THAT A COUNTRIES MERCANTILISM: IDEA THAT A COUNTRIES

POWER DEPENDS ON THE WEALTH OF THAT POWER DEPENDS ON THE WEALTH OF THAT COUNTRY.COUNTRY.

FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE: WHEN AN FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE: WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL OR COMPANY SELLS MORE GOODS INDIVIDUAL OR COMPANY SELLS MORE GOODS THAN IT BUYS.THAN IT BUYS.

2 CHANGES IN EUROPEAN SOCIETY DURING 2 CHANGES IN EUROPEAN SOCIETY DURING THE PERIOD OF COLONIAL EXPANSION:THE PERIOD OF COLONIAL EXPANSION:1) MERCHANT CLASS ROSE DUE TO NEW 1) MERCHANT CLASS ROSE DUE TO NEW

WEALTH.WEALTH.2) WEALTH OF EUROPEAN NATIONS ROSE.2) WEALTH OF EUROPEAN NATIONS ROSE.