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9AE
The arts provide opportunities to gain insight into
the perspectives and experiences of people from
a variety of times, places, and cultures.
9AE
Identity is explored, expressed, and impacted through
arts experience
9AE
Creative arts experiences can build community
and nurture relationships with others.
9AE
Create artistic works both collaboratively and as
an individual using ideas inspired by imagination,
inquiry, and purposeful play
9AE
Dance, drama, music and visual arts use their
own unique sensory language for creating and
communicating
9AE
Explore materials, environments, tools, and
techniques by combining and arranging elements,
processes, and principles
9AE
Explore relationships between identity, place,
culture, society, and belonging through artistic
experiences
9AE
Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation
of personal, social, cultural, historical, and
environmental contexts in relation to the arts
9AE
Select and combine elements and principles of
the arts to intentionally create a particular mood,
effect, or meaning
9AE
Develop, refine, document, and critically appraise
ideas, processes, and technical skills to improve
the quality of works of art
9AE
Describe, interpret, and evaluate how artists use
tools, processes, technologies, materials, and
environments to create and communicate ideas
9AE
Adapt and apply learned skills, understandings,
and processes for use in new contexts and for
different purposes and audiences
9AE
Revise, refine, analyze, and document creative
works and experiences to enhance presentation
and/or performance in a variety of ways
9AE
Compose, interpret, and expand ideas using
symbolism, imagery and elements
9AED
Identity is explored, expressed, and impacted
through dance experiences.
9AED
Collaborative dance experiences can build
community and nurture relationships with others
9AED
Dance provides opportunities to gain insight into
perspectives and experiences of people from a
variety of times, places, and cultures.
9AED
Dance uses a unique sensory language for
creating and communicating
9AED
Create movement phrases both collaboratively
and as an individual, using ideas inspired by
imagination, inquiry, and purposeful play
9AED
Select and combine the elements of dance to
intentionally create a particular mood, meaning,
or purpose
9AED
Explore relationships between identity, place,
culture, society, and belonging through
movement experiences
9AED
Create personally meaningful bodies of artistic
works that demonstrate an understanding and
appreciation of social, cultural, environmental
and historical contexts
9AED
Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation
of personal, social, cultural, historical, and
environmental contexts in relation to dance
9AED
Take creative risks to experience and express
thoughts, emotions and meaning
9AED
Develop and refine ideas, movement, and
technical skills to improve the quality of
performance pieces
9AED
Describe, interpret, and evaluate how dancers
and choreographers use the elements of dance
and choreographic structures to create and
communicate dance
9AED
Receive, offer, and apply constructive feedback
purposes
9AED
Compose, interpret, and expand ideas using
symbolism, imagery, and elements
9AED
Adapt and apply learned skills, understandings,
and processes for use in new contexts and for
different purposes and audiences
9AED
Revise, refine, analyze, and document creative
works and experience to enhance presentation in
a variety of ways
9AED
Demonstrate respect for themselves, others, and
the audience
9AED
Reflect on works of art and creative processes to
make connections to personal learning and
experiences
9AED
Collaborate through reciprocal relationships
during creative process
9AED
Movement development strategies
9AED
Dance elements, techniques, and vocabulary to
create mood and convey ideas, including but not
limited to: body, space, dynamics, time,
relationships, form and movement principles
9AED
Choreographic choices that impact clarity of
intent and purpose
9AED
The role of performers and audiences in a variety
of contexts
9AED
Compositional devices, forms, and structures of
dance
9AED
Traditional and contemporary Aboriginal
worldviews and cross-cultural perspectives
communicated through movement and dance
9AED
Personal and social responsibility associated with
creating, performing, and responding in dance
9AED
Contributions of innovative artists from a variety
of genres, communities, times, and places
9AED
The ethics of cultural appropriation and
plagiarism
9AEDr
Drama provides opportunities to gain insight into
perspectives and experiences of people from a
variety of times, places, and cultures
9AEDr
Identity is explored, expressed, and impacted
through drama experiences
9AEDr
Collaborative drama experiences can build
community and nurture relationships with others
9AEDr
Select and combine dramatic elements and
principles to intentionally create a particular
mood, effect, and meaning
9AEDr
Drama uses a unique sensory language for
creating and communicating
9AEDr
Create dramatic works both collaboratively and
as an individual, using ideas inspired by
imagination, inquiry and purposeful play
9AEDr
Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation
of personal, social, cultural, historical, and
environmental in relation to drama
9AEDr
Explore relationships between identity, place,
culture, society, and belonging through dramatic
experiences
9AEDr
Take creative risks to experience and express
thoughts, emotions and meaning
9AEDr
Develop and refine ideas and technical skills to
improve the quality of performance pieces
9AEDr
Describe, interpret, and evaluate how performers
and playwrights use dramatic structures,
elements, and techniques to create and
communicate ideas.
9AEDr
Receive, offer, and apply constructive feedback
9AEDr
Compose, interpret and expand ideas using
symbolism, imagery and elements
9AEDr
Adapt and apply learned skills, understandings
and processes for use in new contexts and for
different purposes and audiences
9AEDr
Revise, refine, analyze, and document
performance pieces and experiences to enhance
presentation in a variety of ways
9AEDr
Demonstrate respect for themselves, others and
the audience
9AEDr
Reflect on creative processes to make
connections to personal learning and experiences
9AEDr
Collaborate through reciprocal relationships
during creative processes
9AEDr
Drama elements, techniques, and vocabulary, to
create mood and convey ideas, including but not
limited to: character, time, place, plot, tension,
mood, focus, contrast, balance
9AEDr
Create personally meaningful bodies of artistic
works that demonstrate an understanding and
appreciation of social, cultural, environmental
and historical contexts
9AEDr
A variety of drama forms and drama conventions
9AEDr
Traditional and contemporary Aboriginal
worldviews and cross-cultural perspectives
communicated through storytelling and drama
9AEDr
The role of performers and audiences in a variety
of contexts
9AEDr
Contributions of innovative artists from a variety
of genres, communities, times and places
9AEDr
The ethics of cultural appropriation and
plagiarism
9AEDr
Personal and social responsibility associated with
creating, performing, and responding in drama
9AEM
Identity is explored, expressed, and impacted
through music experiences
9AEM
Collaborative music experiences can build
community and nurture relationships with others
9AEM
Music provides opportunities to gain insight into
perspectives and experiences of people from a
variety of times, places and cultures
9AEM
Music uses a unique sensory language for
creating and communicating
9AEM
Demonstrate an understanding of personal,
social, cultural, historical and environmental
contexts through a variety of musical experiences
9AEM
Perform collaboratively in both solo and
ensemble contexts
9AEM
Select and combine musical elements and
techniques to interpret an idea or define style,
creating a particular mood or effect
9AEM
Take musical risks to experience self-growth
9AEM
Develop appropriate musical vocabulary, skills,
and techniques
9AEM
Contribute to create processes through
collaborative and independent musical study
9AEM
Develop, refine, document, and critically appraise
ideas, processes, and technical skills to improve
the quality of musicianship
9AEM
Describe, interpret, and consider how musicians
use techniques, technology, and environments in
composition and performance
9AEM
Receive, offer, and apply constructive feedback
9AEM
Revise, refine, analyze, and document musical
experiences to enhance learning
9AEM
Adapt and apply learned musical skills,
understandings, and techniques for use in new
contexts and for different purposes and
audiences
9AEM
Reflect on musical performance to make
connections to personal learning and experiences
9AEM
Demonstrate respect for themselves, others, and
the audience
9AEM
Take musical risks to experience synchronicity
among ensemble members and their audience
9AEM
Music elements, principles, techniques,
vocabulary, notation, and symbols to define style
and convey ideas, including but not limited to: beat/pulse, metre, duration, rhythm, tempo, pitch, timbre,
dynamics, form, texture
9AEM
The role of performers and audiences in a variety
of contexts
9AEM
Musical interpretation and choices impact
performance
9AEM
Traditional and contemporary Aboriginal
worldviews and cross-cultural perspectives
communicated through song
9AEM
Personal and social responsibility associated with
creating, performing, and responding in music
9AEM
Contributions of innovative musicians and
composers from a variety of genres,
communities, times, and places
9AEM
The ethics of cultural appropriation and
plagiarism
9AEVA
The visual arts provide opportunities to gain
insight into perspectives and experiences of
people from a variety of times, places, and
cultures
9AEVA
Identity is explored, expressed, and impacted
through visual arts experiences
9AEVA
Art experiences can build community and nurture
relationships with others
9AEVA
Create both collaboratively and as an individual,
using ideas inspired by imagination, inquiry , and
purposeful play
9AEVA
The visual arts use a unique sensory language for
creating and communicating
9AEVA
Explore materials, technologies, processes, and
environments by combining and arranging
elements, principles, and image design strategies
9AEVA
Demonstrate active engagement and discipline in
creating works of art and resolving creative
challenges
9AEVA
Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation
of personal, social, cultural, historical, and
environmental contexts
9AEVA
Explore relationships between identity, place,
culture, society, and belonging through artistic
experiences
9AEVA
Describe, interpret, and evaluate how artists use
technologies, processes, materials, and
environments to create and communicate ideas
9AEVA
Select and combine elements and principles of
the arts to intentionally create a particular mood
or meaning
9AEVA
Develop, refine, document, and critically appraise
ideas, processes, and technical skills
9AEVA
Create works of art using materials, technologies,
and processes for different purposes and
audiences
9AEVA
Reflect on their art-making process and
development as artists
9AEVA
Compose, interpret, and expand ideas using
symbolism, metaphor, and design strategies
9AEVA
Present or share personal works of art
9AEVA
Revise, refine, analyze, and document creative
works and experiences
9AEVA
Reflect on works of art and the creative process
to make connections to personal learning and
experiences
9AEVA
Demonstrate respect for themselves, others, and
the audience
9AEVA
Take creative risks to experience and express
thoughts, emotions, and meaning
9AEVA
Collaborate through reciprocal relationships
during the creative process
9AEVA
Visual arts elements, principles, and image design
strategies to create mood and convey ideas, including but
not limited to:
-elements of design: line, shape, space, texture, colour, form, tone
- principles of design: pattern, repetition, balance, contrast, emphasis, rhythm, movement, unity, variety,
proportion, harmony
- image design strategies: elaboration, simplification, magnification, reversal, fragmentation, distortion
9AEVA
Create personally meaningful artistic works that
demonstrate an understanding and appreciation
of social, cultural, environmental, and historical
contexts
9AEVA
Personal narrative as a means of representing
self-perception and identity in artistic works
9AEVA
Traditional and contemporary Aboriginal
worldviews and cross-cultural perspectives as
communicated through visual arts
9AEVA
The roles of artists and audiences in a variety of
contexts
9AEVA
Contributions of innovative artists from a variety
of styles, genres, contexts, and movements
9AEVA
The ethics of cultural appropriation and
plagiarism
9AEVA
Personal and social responsibility associated with
creating, experiencing, and responding to visual
art
9CF
I am capable of expressing myself and having
meaningful conversations in French
9CF
Listening and viewing with intent strengthens our
understanding and acquisition of French
9CF
Stories gives us unique ways to interpret and
share knowledge, thoughts and feelings
9CF
Creative works are an expression of culture
9CF
Acquiring French provides opportunities to
explore our own cultural identity from a new
perspective
9CF
Use a growing variety of strategies to construct
meaning
9CF
Construct meaning from a variety of simple texts
9CF
Seek clarification and provide verification of
meaning through a variety of strategies
9CF
Narrate a story orally or in writing
9CF
Express themselves using complete sentences in past,
present and future timeframes orally and in writing: - Ask and respond to questions on familiar topics
- Exchange information on topics of interest
- Describe a series of events
- Express simples needs in familiar situations
- Express and justify opinions on familiar topics
9CF
Participate in short and simple conversations
9CF
Describe elements of Francophone culture in
various regions
9CF
Identify examples of how Francophone culture is
expressed through creative works
9CF
Describe similarities and differences between the
cultural practices and traditions of their own
family and community and those of various
Francophone cultural communities
9CF
Initiate a variety of connections with
Francophone communities
9CF
Elements of variety of common texts
9CF
Expressions to assist with clarification of meaning
9CF
Common elements of stories
9CF
Vocabulary and structures to ask and respond to
numerous types of questions
9CF
Past, present and future timeframes
9CF
Common vocabulary related to personal interests
9CF
Common vocabulary and structures to provide
descriptions and to express preferences, needs
and opinions
9CF
Common expressions of sequence
9CF
Cultural practices in various Francophone regions
9ELA
Exploring text and story helps us understand
ourselves and make connections to others and to
the world
9ELA
Language and text can be a source of creativity
and joy
9ELA
Exploring and sharing multiple perspectives
extends our thinking
9ELA
Texts are created for different purposes and
audiences
9ELA
Developing our understanding of how language
works allows us to use it purposefully
9ELA
Synthesizing the meaning from different texts
and ideas helps us create new understandings
9ELA
Apply appropriate strategies to comprehend
written, oral, and visual texts, guide inquiry, and
extend thinking
9ELA
Access information and ideas for diverse
purposes and from a variety of sources and
evaluate their relevance, accuracy, and reliability
9ELA
Recognize and appreciate how different forms,
structures, and features of texts reflect different
purposes, audiences, and messages
9ELA
Recognize and identify the role of personal,
social, and cultural contexts, values, and
perspectives in texts
9ELA
Think critically, creatively, and reflectively to
explore ideas within, between, and beyond texts
9ELA
Recognize how language constructs personal,
social, and cultural identity
9ELA
Respond to text in personal, creative, and critical
ways
9ELA
Construct meaningful personal connections
between self, text and world
9ELA
Understand how literary elements, techniques,
and devices enhance and shape meaning
9ELA
Recognize and appreciate the role of story,
narrative, and oral tradition in expressing First
Peoples’ perspectives, values, beliefs, and points
of view
9ELA
Recognize an increasing range of text structures
and how they contribute to meaning
9ELA
Develop an awareness of the diversity within and
across First Peoples’ societies represented in
texts
9ELA
Use writing and design processes to plan,
develop, and create engaging and meaningful
literary and informational texts for a variety of
purposes and audiences
9ELA
Exchange ideas and viewpoints to build shared
understanding and extend thinking
9ELA
Assess and refine texts to improve their clarity,
effectiveness, and impact according to purpose,
audience, and message
9ELA
Story/text - Form, function, and genre of texts
- Features of written texts
- Literary elements
- Literary devices
- Elements of non-fiction texts
- Elements of visual/graphic texts
- Rhetorical devices
- Connotation and denotation
9ELA
Use an increasing repertoire of conventions of
English spelling, grammar, and punctuation
9ELA
Strategies and processes
- Reading strategies
- Oral language strategies
- Metacognitive strategies
- Writing process
9ELA
Language features, structures, and conventions
- Features of oral language
- Language change
- Elements of style
- Usage
- Syntax and sentence fluency
- Conventions
- Presentation techniques
9M
Numeracy helps us to see patterns, communicate
ideas, and solve problems
9M
Numbers can be represented in many forms and
reflect different relationships
9M
Patterns allow us to see relationships and
develop generalizations
9M
We can apply mathematics to inquiry questions
and use it to communicate information and data
9M
Geometry and measurement empower us to
make meaning of the world
9M
Data enables us to draw conclusions and make
predictions in an unstable world
9M
Develop and apply mental math strategies and
estimate amounts and outcomes
9M
Inductively and deductively reason and use logic
to explore, make connections, predict, analyze,
generalize, and make conclusions
9M
Use tools or technology to explore and create
patterns and relationships, and test conjectures
9M
Develop, construct, and apply mathematical
understanding through play, inquiry, and
problem solving
9M
Implement multiple strategies to solve problems
in both abstract and real-life situations using
different cultural perspectives
9M
Engage in problem-solving experiences that are
connected to place, story, and cultural practices
relevant to the local community
9M
Communicate in a variety of ways to explain,
clarify, and justify mathematical ideas
9M
Use mathematical vocabulary and language to
contribute to mathematical discussions
9M
Develop mathematical understanding through
concrete, pictorial, and symbolic representations
9M
Visualize and describe the mathematical concepts
9M
Use technology appropriately to record,
communicate, and represent thinking
9M
Explore, apply, and connect concepts to each
other, to other disciplines, and to the real world
9M
Apply cultural perspectives of First Peoples to the
concepts of locating, measuring, and numbering
9M
Use mathematical arguments to support personal
choices and anticipate consequences
9M
Numerical and spatial reasoning, logic, and
patterns to solve puzzles and games
9M
Types of income (e.g., wages, salary, piece work,
commission)
9M
Operations with polynomials, of degree less than
or equal to two
9M
Operations with rational numbers (addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, and order of
operations)
9M
Two-variable linear relations, using graphing,
interpolation, and extrapolation
9M
Rational numbers and order of operations
9M
Multi-step one-variable linear equations,
including distribution and rational coefficients,
constants, and solutions
9M
Probability and statistics in society (e.g., sampling
techniques, misleading stats)
9M
Spatial proportional reasoning (e.g., scale
diagrams, similar triangles, linear unit
conversions)
9M
Financial literacy – simple budgets and
transactions (e.g., banking, interest, savings,
planned purchases)
9PHE
Lifelong participation in physical activity has
many benefits and is an essential part of a
healthy lifestyle
9PHE
Daily participation in different types of physical
activity influences our physical literacy and
personal health and fitness
9PHE
Healthy choices influence our physical,
emotional, and mental well-being
9PHE
Advocating for the health and well-being of
others connects us to our community
9PHE
Healthy relationships can help us lead rewarding
and fulfilling lives
9PHE
Develop, refine, and apply fundamental
movement skills in a variety of physical activities
and environments
9PHE
Apply methods of monitoring and adjusting
exertion levels in physical activity
9PHE
Develop and apply a variety of movement
concepts and strategies in different physical
activities
9PHE
Develop and demonstrate safety, fair play, and
leadership in physical activities
9PHE
Participate daily in physical activity designed to
enhance and maintain health components of
fitness
9PHE
Identify and describe preferred types of physical
activity
9PHE
Describe how students’ participation in physical
activities at school, at home, and in the
community can influence their health and fitness
9PHE
Identify factors that influence health messages
from a variety of sources, and analyze their
influence on behaviour
9PHE
Propose healthy choices that support lifelong
health and well-being
9PHE
Identify and apply strategies to pursue personal
healthy-living goals
9PHE
Propose strategies for avoiding and/or
responding to potentially unsafe, abusive, or
exploitive situations
9PHE
Reflect on outcomes of personal healthy-living
goals and assess strategies used
9PHE
Analyze strategies for responding to
discrimination, stereotyping, and bullying
9PHE
Create strategies for promoting the health and
well-being of the school and community
9PHE
Propose strategies for developing and
maintaining healthy relationships
9PHE
Analyze strategies for promoting mental well-
being, for self and others
9PHE
Create and evaluate strategies for managing
physical, emotional, and social changes during
puberty and adolescence
9PHE
Assess and evaluate strategies for managing
problems related to mental well-being and
substance use, for others
9PHE
Explore and describe factors that shape personal
identities, including social and cultural factors
9PHE
Movement concepts and strategies
9PHE
Proper technique for fundamental movement
skills including non-locomotor, locomotor, and
manipulative skills
9PHE
Ways to monitor and adjust physical exertion
levels
9PHE
Training principles to enhance personal fitness
levels, including the FITT principle, SAID principle,
and specificity
9PHE
How to participate in different types of physical
activities, including individual and dual activities,
rhythmic activities, and games
9PHE
Effects of different types of physical activity on
the body
9PHE
Potential short and long-term consequences of
health decisions, including those involving
nutrition, protection from sexually transmitted
infections, and sleep routines
9PHE
Healthy sexual decision making
9PHE
Sources of healthy information
9PHE
Strategies to protect themselves and others from
potential abuse, exploitation, and harm in a
variety of settings
9PHE
Basic principles for responding to emergencies
9PHE
Consequences of bullying, stereotyping, and
discrimination
9PHE
Signs and symptoms of stress, anxiety, and
depression
9PHE
Physical, emotional, and social aspects of
psychoactive substance use and potentially
addictive behaviours
9PHE
Influences of physical, emotional, and social
changes on identities and relationship
9Sc
The electron arrangement of atoms impacts their
chemical nature
9Sc
Cells are derived from cells
9Sc
Electricity is the flow of electrons
9Sc
Demonstrate a sustained intellectual curiousity
about a scientific topic or problem of personal
interest
9Sc
The biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and
atmosphere are interconnected, as matter cycles
and energy flows through them.
9Sc
Make observations aimed at identifying their own
questions, including increasingly abstract ones,
about the natural world
9Sc
Collaboratively and personally plan, select, and
use appropriate investigation methods, including
field work and lab experiments, to collect reliable
data (qualitative and quantitative)
9Sc
Formulate multiple hypotheses and predict
multiple outcomes
9Sc
Assess risks and address ethical issues associated
with their proposed methods
9Sc
Experience and interpret the local environment
9Sc
Select and use appropriate equipment, including
digital technologies, to systematically and
accurately collect and record data
9Sc
Seek and analyze patterns, trends, and
connections in data, including describing
relationships between variables and identifying
inconsistencies
9Sc
Analyze cause-and-effect relationships
9Sc
Use knowledge of scientific concepts to draw
conclusions that are consistent with evidence
9Sc
Evaluate their methods and experimental
conditions, including identifying sources of error
or uncertainty, confounding variables, and
possible alternative explanations and conclusions
9Sc
Evaluate the validity of and limitations of a model
or analogy in relation to the phenomenon
modelled
9Sc
Describe specific ways to improve their
investigation methods and the quality of the data
9Sc
Demonstrate an awareness of assumptions,
question information given, and identify bias in
their own work and secondary sources
9Sc
Exercise a healthy, informed skepticism and use
scientific knowledge and findings to form their
own investigations to evaluate claims in
secondary sources
9Sc
Consider the changes in knowledge over time as
tools and technologies have developed
9Sc
Consider social, ethical, and environmental
implications of the findings from their own and
others’ investigations
9Sc
Contribute to care for self, others, community,
and world through personal or collaborative
approaches
9Sc
Critically analyze the validity of information in
secondary sources and evaluate the approaches
used to solve problems
9Sc
Co-operatively design projects with local and/or
global connections and applications
9Sc
Generate and introduce new or refined ideas
when problem solving
9Sc
Transfer and apply learning to new situations
9Sc
Contribute to finding solutions to problems at a
local and/or global level through inquiry
9Sc
Communicate scientific ideas, information, and perhaps a
suggested course of action for a specific purpose and
audience, constructing evidence-based arguments and
using appropriate scientific language, conventions, and
representations
9Sc
Formulate physical or mental theoretical models
to describe a phenomenon
9Sc
Express and reflect on a variety of experiences,
perspectives and worldviews of place
9Sc
Sexual reproduction:
- meiosis
- human sexual reproduction
9Sc
Asexual reproduction:
- mitosis
- different forms
9Sc
Element properties as organized in the periodic
table
9Sc
Circuits – must be complete for electrons to flow
9Sc
An element’s properties are related to the
arrangement and energy of its electrons and to
its atomic size
9Sc
Voltage, current and resistance
9Sc
Matter cycles within biotic and abiotic
components of ecosystems
9Sc
Effects of solar radiation on the cycling of matter
and energy
9Sc
Sustainability of systems and First Peoples’
principles of interconnectedness
9SS
The physical environment influences the nature
of political, social, and economic change
9SS
Emerging ideas and ideologies profoundly
influence societies and events
9SS
Disparities in power alter the balance of
relationships between individuals and between
societies
9SS
Use Social Studies inquiry processes and skills to:
ask questions; gather, interpret, and analyze
ideas; and communicate findings and decisions
9SS
Collective identity is constructed and can change
over time.
9SS
Assess the significance of people, places, events, and
developments, and compare varying perspectives on their
historical significance at particular times and places, and
from group to group (significance)
9SS
Compare and contrast continuities and changes
for different groups during this time period
(continuity and change)
9SS
Assess the justification for competing historical
accounts after investigating points of contention,
reliability of sources, and adequacy of evidence
(evidence)
9SS
Assess how prevailing conditions and the actions
of individuals or groups affect events, decisions,
and developments (cause and consequence)
9SS
Recognize implicit and explicit ethical judgments
in a variety of sources (ethical judgments)
9SS
Explain different perspectives on past or present
people, places, issues, and events by considering
prevailing norms, values, worldviews and beliefs
(perspective)
9SS
Make reasoned ethical judgments about
controversial actions in the past and present, and
whether we have a responsibility to respond
(ethical judgment)
9SS – 1750 to 1919
The continuing effects of imperialism and
colonialism on indigenous peoples in Canada and
around the world
9SS – 1750 to 1919
Political, social and economic, and technological
revolutions
9SS – 1750 to 1919
Global demographic shifts, including patterns of
migration and population growth
9SS – 1750 to 1919
Local, regional, and global conflicts
9SS – 1750 to 1919
Nationalism and the development of modern
nation-states, including Canada
9SS – 1750 to 1919
Discriminatory policies, attitudes, and historical
wrongs
9SS – 1750 to 1919
Physiographic features of Canada and geological
processes