the area of the study

CHAPTER-II

THE AREA OF THE STUDY ________________________________

Geographical and Topographical Conditions Few centuries back, Garhwal was a jumble of small states, which

were about 52 in number. One of these states was the Chandpur. In 15th

Century the king of Chandpur won over all these states and marged them

in larger one and established its capital in Dewalgarh near Srinagar. In

1840, the Gorkha of Nepal invaded Garhwal. The attack was so sever that

the king sought help from British army, which in turn defeated Gorkha.

Now the king offered half of its kingdom to British army. Thus, whole

kingdom of Chandpur divided in two parts, one came under the rein of

British Empire and other remained under the king. The part rule by British

known as British Garhwal. The Tehseel of Chamoli, which was earlier a

part of Pauri District, was carved out as a new district in 1960. Pauri

district came in a new shape. The 72 villages of Patty (Sector)

Bachchansyun of district Pauri Garhwal were included in new district

Rudraprayag in Nov. 1997.

The district Pauri situated in lap of the Himalaya, which is the

crown not only of the state but also of the country itself. Pauri is situated

between 29.2 and 30.15-degree North latitude and 78.10-degree Southern

13

longitude. In the north is district Chamoli, in South Bijnor, in the East

Almora and Nainital, and Tehri and Dehradun districts are situated in the

West. It is culturally, geographically and ecologically different from other

districts of plains. Being a hilly district, it requires due consideration of its

geographical, administrative and agriculture situations while drawing a map

of its development.

Pauri district broadly may be divided in two major divisions, the

first spreads over the northern part that contains tehseel of Pauri,

Lansedown, Dhumakot and Thailsain and the second contains Duggadda

block, which is in the Bhabar region.

There is wide gap between both the regions so far the nature of the

land and the availability of natural resources is concern. The first division,

which is mostly hilly, has 3479 villages and 7 cities. It is at the height of

about 90 to 22.50 meter from sea level. The average rainfall is about 1545.1

mm and the forest cover is 35%. The second division has 306 villages and 3

cities of the Kowtower tehseel that are at the height of 450 to 1200 meter

from sea level. This is low-rained area.

Area

The geographical area of district Pauri is 5252 square Km. In which

68 square km. Urban and rest is rural.

Climate

The climate of district Pauri is varied and diversified while in the

winter season temperature of Nainidanda and Lansedown goes to below zero

14

degrees, and the temperature of the Alaknanda valley and Duggadda block

remains as that of plain regions.

Rivers

The main rivers of the study area are Alaknanda, east and west Nayar,

Malini and Khohi. Besides Ramganga , Hibble Rewasan etc. These rivers

remain flowing with water during the rainy season and little after it. There is

no lake in Pauri district. Being a hilly area, there is lack of under-ground

water. The water, which is available from natural springs, is used for

irrigation and drinking.

There is some availability of ground water in Bhabar region that is

about 100 meter below, where tube-wells are being dug by the government.

So far, 12 tube wells have been installed. In some area World Bank aided

tube-well are being installed.

Soil

The soil of the plains and river valleys of hills is fertile. However,

land of other area is low fertile. Agriculture production can increase only

when soil is fertile. There are not sufficient records of hilly soil due to

absence of research. There is stony soil and reforms were not done in this

area. The history of conversation is the history of soil, and human starts his

own education from soil1. The soil of the plain and lands in river valleys of

hill areas are fertile. However, land of other area is low fertile. The

maximum areas have stony soil and some areas have late rite soil.

15

The extensive study and analysis of soil was not possible in district

Pauri. It is fond out in simple study that the soil is different in different

places. The soil of district Pauri can be classified as follow:

i) Skeletal Soils- This soil is fond in the area of dry and cold. There

is lack of trees and plants in this area and fat layer is not

developed.

ii) Sub-hilly Soils- It is situated in high landscape. These places

have strong structure due to adverse geographical conditions.

Those soils are fond out in the field of Deodar, Spoors, Blue-

pine, and Chirr-pine etc.

Forests

There is 60% part of forest area out of total reporting area in district

Pauri. The 439667 hectares area is forest in which 171350 hectare is

reserved forest, 14627-hectare civil Sagon forest, 95160-hectare Panchayat

forest, 26320 and 620-hectare land is under in private and municipal. Forest

area is sufficient in this district mainly finds timber, forest pine, Deodar,

Baanj, Saal, Sagon, Seesham and banbu etc. while Ber, Amla and Korode’s

trees are in valleys. Much medicine wood finds in the forest. It is main

natural assets that are so important for availability of water, safety for land,

environment and ecological balance. The 366212-hectare land has been

brought under management of forest department in total area of forest and

rest land has Shiall trees or barren land and un-useable sharbs. Dense

16

forestation and protection of trees are so need for effected by heights, rain

etc.

a) Trees less than 1000 meter heights: The average of rain is low in this

landscape. There are wide leaf trees in this part namely Silk-cotton

tree, Reetha Sheasum, Shahtoot and Bans etc.

b) 1000 – 1500 meter height: There are weak leaf trees in this landscape

due to more annual average of rain, the main trees are Pine, Baanj and

Bheemal etc.

c) 1500 – 2000 meter heights: This landscape has prosperity of forests.

There are maximum trees of Pine and Deodar, Nut, and Baanj are in

this Land Division.

d) More than 2000 meter height from sea level: This landscape has trees

of Buransh, Angu, Surai, Ringal, Baanj and Deodar etc. These trees

are very important for cottage and small-scale industries and it is used

for building.

The direction of development is determined by natural resources.

Minerals

Mineral are an indicator of progress. The progress of industries, trade

and transportation depends on availability of mineral resources. It is more

important for regional industrial and economic development. This area is

poor mineral resources but there are mines of Iron, Copper and Gold. These

minerals were not fond out due to lack of survey and it is probability to find

the mine of Silver, Zinc and lead in the south area of

17

Transportation and Communication

Transportation and communication facilities are the indicators of

economic and social prosperity of any state and a country. With The

availability of modern scientific technology, transportation and

communication facilities have reached to the remote areas of the country.

The various useful products such as agriculture products, raw material, and

finish industrial products are transported to the far-flung areas, which has

opened some avenues of employment.

The lack of transportation facilities is a great hindrance in economic

development process in developing countries. If transportation facilities are

not available in the field of raw material, the establishment of industries are

lest in that areas. As a result, the industries are left from internal saving. The

development of transportation facilities are going to slow due to

geographical circumstances in this hill area and the development of

transportation has been limited by the policy of forest promotion and

environment balance at present.

The transportation condition is not satisfied in district Pauri. Many

roads are not complete and there is not facility of roads in remote areas and

people have to face many problems. There is imbalance development of

transportation and communication facilities in district Pauri.

18

District Pauri is mostly hilly and there are many areas which are still

deprived of transportation facilities. The people have to face many problems

of transportation. There is a railway station at Kotdwara in district Pauri.

Therefore, the facilities of roads are mainly required in this area. There are

not available the proper facilities of bus in many area. 2014 villages are

connected to complete roads by 1998 – 99. The position of roads is as

follows:

Table – 1.0

The Number of Roads In The District

S. No. Particular Number of Roads

1 In Villages 2055

2 Less than 1 Km. 80

3 1 to 3 Km. 106

4 3 to 5 Km. 108

5 More than 5 Km. 760

Source: Statistical Department of Pauri.

It is clear from the above table that there are 2055 roads in villages,

80 are of less than one Km distance., 106 in 3 to 5 Km., 108 in more than 5

Km., the number of roads in villages are more but it is 80 in less than one

Km. which is more less and it increase 106 in 1 to 3 Km. and also increasing

continuously that is 760 more than 5 Km. in D

istrict Pauri.

19

Table – 1.1 Road Networks

Source: Statistical department of Pauri.

It is clear from the above table that the number of total roads

in district Pauri was 2947 in 1999 – 2000 and it was same in 2000 –

2001. In addition, it is same in 2001 – 2002 and 2002 – 2003 that is 2883.

In addition, the total roads according to 2003 – 2004 are 3109 in district

Pauri. The length of roads (PWD) is 2529 Km. in 1999–02 and 2002– 03.

Length of Roads (PWD)

Number of Villages which are connected to roads

S. No.

Year Total Roads

(Km) Village, less than 1000 population

1000 – 1499

More than 1500

1 1999-

2000

2947 2529 2024 19 12

2 2000-

2001

2947 2529 2024 19 12

3 2001-

2002

2883 2387 2024 19 12

4 2002-

2003

2883 2387 2024 19 12

5 2003-

2004

3109 -- -- -- --

20

Table- 1.2

ROADS UNDER VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS


It is clear from the above table that the length of roads in 1999 – 2000

is 2529 Km. under PWD in which is 323 Km state high way, 114 Km. main

District Roads, and 2092 Km other District and villages roads. In 2000 – 01

the total length of road is 2387 Km. in which is 323 Km. State high Way,

136 Km. main district roads and 2387 Km other district and villages roads.

Length of Roads in Km. Particular

1999-

2000

2000-

2001

2001-

2002

2002-

2003

2003-

2004

A- Roads Under PWD. i) National High Way.

ii) State High Way. iii) Main District Roads.

iv) Other District and Villages Roads.

--

323 114 2092

--

323 136 1928

--

323 136 1928

-- -- -- --

-- -- -- --

Total 2529 2387 2387 -- -- B-Under other Department:

i) Forest Department. ii) DGBR.

iii) Other Department

328 30 24

449 23 24

449 23 24

-- -- --

-- -- --

Gross Total 2911 2883 2883 -- --

21

In addition, it was same in 2001-02. The road under other department is 382

Km. in 1999-2000 which 328 Km. Forest Department, 30 Km. DGBR and

4 Km. other department, in 2000-01 and 2001-02, the length of roads 496

Km. in which 449 forest department, 23 Km. DGBR and 24 Km. other

department. The gross length of roads in 1999-2000 is 2911 Km. and 2883

Km in 2000-01 and 2001-02.

Banking

The Banks are very important for social, economic and political

development of any particular area. They provide many facilities to public

for much progressive work. Moreover, without banks any country cannot

develop. There are 62 commercial banks and 36 rural banks in this district of

Uttranchal at present in which 24.45% urban Banks and 44.55% Rural

Banks are working. The name and number of branches of various banks can

be clear from the following table:

Table-1.3

The Branches of Various Banks.

S.

No.

Name of Banks Branches

1 State Bank of India 36

2 Punjab National Bank 15

3 Canera Bank 06

4 New Bank of India 01

5 Alak Nanda Rural

Bank 01

6 Co-operative Bank. 18

22

7 Land Development

Bank 03


It is clear from the above table that, there are 36 branches, 15

branches, 6 branches, one branch of State Bank of India, Punjab National

Bank, Canera Bank and New Bank of India respectively are working and

single branch of Alak Nanda Rural Bank 18 branches of Co-operative Bank

and three branches Land Development Bank are working at present.

Table-1.4

Population (2001) on per commercial Bank

According to various blocks of District Pauri.

S. No. Name of Blocks Population of Blocks %

1 Pauri 31356 11.98

2 Kaljikhal 35584 13.59

3 Yamkeshwar 40566 15.50

4 Khirsu 20583 7.865

5 Duggadda 20148 7.698

6 Rikhnikhal 16968 6.484

7 Thailsain 16961 6.481

8 Jaiharikhal 16597 6.342

9 Kot 14378 5.494

10 Pabau 12588 4.810

11 Beuronkhal 9861 3.768

12 Dwarikhal 8818 3.389

13 Ekeshwar 8521 3.256

14 Naindanda 5417 2.069

15 Pokhra 5351 2.045

Total 261697

23


It is clear from the above table that there is 15.50% population of

Yamkeshwar block concerned with commercial Bank that is more than other

blocks. In addition, 2.045% population in Pokhra block concerned with

Banks that is less.

They have no interest in savings. More than 10% population of

Pauri and Kaljikhal blocks are concerned with commercial Banks and more

than 5% population of Kot, Jaihrikhal, Thailsain, Rikhnikhal, Duggadda and

Khirsu are concerned with Banks. Moreover, less than 5% population of

Nainidanda, Ekeshwar, Dwarikhal, Beurokhal, and Pabau are concerned

with commercial Banks.

Electricity

There are two electric distribution centres, Srinagar, Kotdwara, and

work of electrification and maintenance is done in eight blocks namely

Khirsu, Kot, Pabau, Thailsain, Ekeshwar and Pokhra under electric

distribution centre of Srinagar whereas rest blocks by electric distribution

centre Kotdwara. Electrification is main means of work organization.

Electrical power supply is very important for agriculture industry,

transportation, communication, irrigation and all other works. The condition

of electricity is as follows:

24

Table-1.5

The Condition of Electricity in District Pauri


Thus, 948 villages away from electrification out of the total 3137

villages in Pauri District and high electric line and secondary sub centre is to

be formatted for future electric needs.

Table-1.6

Electrified Villages, Cities , Scheduled Casts Slums

And Un-electrified Scheduled Casts Slums

Electrified Villages Year Number

according to definition of

centre electric Authority

Which are connected

by L.T. mans

Number of electrified scheduled

casts slums

Number of scheduled

casts slums left from

electrification

Number of pump

sets/private hand pump/ electrified

1999-2000 2241 2241 1478 630 19

2000-2001 2376 2376 1426 544 17

2001-2002 2391 2391 1437 533 02

2002-2003 --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------

2003-2004 --------- ----------- --------- ---------- -----------


S. No. Particular Numbers

1 Electrified City. 07

2 Electrilisation Villages 2189

3 Electrilisation Schedule castes in total Villages. 1392

4 Percentage of Electrilisation Villages in total villages 69.79

5 Total electricity consumed 70913

6 Per capita electric consumed 9.2

25

It is clear from the above table that the numbers of villages, which are

connected by L.T., men are 2241 in 1999-2000, 2376 in 2000-2001 and

2391 in 2001-02. The number of electrified scheduled cast’s slums is 1478

in 1999-2000, 1426 in 2000-01 and 1437 in 2001-02. The number of Un-

electrified scheduled casts slums is 630 in 1999-2000, 544 in 2000-01 and

533 in 2001-02. In addition, the number of Pump sets/Private hand pump

electrified is 19 in 1999-2000, 17 in 2000-01 and 02 in 2001-02 in district

Pauri.

Table-1.7

Electricity Consumption

Year S.

No. Particular

1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-

03

2003-

04

1 Domestic electricity and low

level electricity

49744 58079 56480 -- --

2 Commercial and low-level

electricity.

4922 5360 7540 -- --

3 Industrial electric power 2018 122729 141650 -- --

4 Public electricity arrangement. 644 1268 1870 -- --

5 Agriculture electricity power. 4102 4102 4120 -- --

6 Public water 14778 19015 23100 -- --

Total 76208 210553 234760 -- -- Source: Statistical Department of Pauri.

It is clear from the above table the domestic electricity, low-level

electricity consumed in 1999-2000 is 49774 thousand K.W/h, and it is,

58079 in 2000-01 and 56480 in 2001-02. The commercial and low-level

26

electricity consumed is 4922 thousand K.W.H. in 1999-2000, 5360 is in

2000-01 and it is 7540 in 2001-02. The industrial electric power consumed is

2018 thousand KWh in 1999-2000; it is 122729 in 2000-01 and 141650 in

2001-02. The public electricity arrangement is 644 thousand KWH. In 1999-

2000 and it is 1268 1000 kw.h. In 2000-01 and 1870 thousand kw.h. In

2001-02. The agriculture electricity power consumed is 4102 thousand kw.h.

In 1999-2000 and in 2000-01 and 2001-02, there was no changed. The

public water is 14778 thousand kw.h. In 1999-2000, 19015 in 2000-01 and

23100 thousand kw.h. In 2001-02. The total is 76208 thousand kw.h. In

1999-2000, 210553 thousand kw.h. In 2000-01 and 234760 thousand kw.h.

In 2001-02.

Polytechnic and Industrial Training Institutes

There are two government Polytechnic Colleges situated at Srinagar

and Thalnudi and seven industrial education institutes are in a district in

which a unit is at Srinagar and second at Jairikhal. There are many courses

available in these institutes as electrical wireman, electronics, radio,

television, refrigerator, drafter, civil draftsman, chemical, carpenter and

shorthand etc. The engineering colleges have been established in 1987-88 in

this district with the purpose of providing facilities of higher technical

education. It is 15 Km. far at Ghurdori from district head quarter Pauri.

Medical facilities

The conditions of medical facilities are important under social-

economic facilities. This work is included in national minimum programme.

27

There is good facility of medical but many villages have not suitable

facilities of medical in this district. Many people have to face medical

problems. However, some medical centres are situated near villages. The

condition of medical facilities can be cleared by following table

Table-1.8

Medical Facilities in District Pauri.

S. No. Particular Number of Health Centre

1 Allopathic Hospital 83

2 Ayurvedic Hospital 39

3 Homeopathic Hospital 07

4 Primary Health Centre 31

5 Mother and Child Welfare Centre 209


Above table shows that there are 83 Allopathic, 39 Ayurvedic, 07

Homeopathic, 31 Primary Health Centre and 209 mother and child Welfare

Centres in district Pauri.

A district hospital is situated in district head quarter Pauri and a joint

hospital and a base hospital in Kotdwara and Srinagar, respectively. There

are operating many facilities in these hospitals. Still facilities are not

available in remote areas and many posts of doctors are vacant, therefore

people have to face many problems.

28

The average age in district is 60-65 years and family planning

programmes are being to operate in the all hospital and primary health care

centres.

Water Supply

It is main duty of government to provide drinking water for the public.

There are 3137 villages in this district and drinking water facilities are being

provided by following departments:

i) Water corporation.

ii) Villages Development.

There is lack of drinking water facilities in 178 villages out of 3137

villages. The facility of drinking water has been provided for 2964 villages

in 1999 by water corporation department. In addition, profit was achieved to

585376 people under this plan.

Many water supply plans have remained as a big failure since long

time. As most of the pipelines are damaged during rainy season and besides

is suitable maintenance mechanism. The condition of drinking water

facilities can be seen by following table-

29

Table-1.9

Drinking Water Sources and Distance.


Social Structure

District Pauri is very hilly, where maximum population lives in

villages. They are engaged in various businesses namely, agriculture,

horticulture, poultry, and animal husbandry. People of various religions and

casts live there. Maximum population is of Hindu religion. Who do their

assign traditional works according to their social classes. There is the

traditional division of the population in Brahman, Rajpoot and Scheduled

Cast. Brahmins perform religious rites in versos ceremonies and have little

part of agriculture land. Raj poots have maximum share of agriculture land.

They are hard worker. Scheduled Casts have little portion of

Agriculture land so they are mostly engaged in labor oriented works

such as masonry, Ironsmith, tailoring and carpentry.

A good social structure is the must for the development of any area. A

country cannot develop without human capital. According to 2001 census,

S. No. Particular Drinking Water

Sources

1 In Villages 2918

2 Less than 1 Km. 112

3 1 – 3 Km. 100

4 3 – 5 m. 51

30

the population of this study area was 697078 in which 331061 male and

366017 female. The population of various classes is as following-

Table-2.0

Classification of Population In The District According To Census- 2001

Source: - Statistical Department of Pauri

It is clear from above table that the total population of male is 331061

in which 85.09% is rural and 14.91 is urban population. The population of

female is 366017 in which 88.93% in rural and 11.07% urban. The

scheduled casts’ population of male is 52528 in which 89.86% is rural and

rest 10.14% urban and female is 54125 in which 91.48% is rural and rest

8.52% urban. The population of scheduled tribe of male is 838 in which

83.78% is rural and 16.22% urban and female is 706 in which 85.55% is

rural and rest 14.45% urban. The total literate in district Pauri is 461675 in

Classification

Scheduled

Casts

Scheduled

Tribes

Literate

Sl.

No.

Particular

Male Female

Male Female Male Female Male Female

1 Rural

Population

281706

(85.09)

325497

(88.93)

47201

(89.86)

49516

(91.48)

744

(83.78)

604

(85.55)

213070

(84.13)

179133

(85.95)

2 Urban

Population

49355

(14.91)

40520

(11.07)

5327

(10.14)

4609

(8.52)

144

(16.22)

102

(14.45)

40200

(15.87)

29272

(14.05)

Total 331061 366017 52528 54125 888 706 253270 208405

31

which 253270 are male in which 84.13% is rural and rest 15.87% urban and

total female are 208405 in which 85.95% is rural and rest 14.05% urban.

Table-2.1

Number of Villages, Population According To Decades

Source: - Statistical Department of Pauri.

It is clear from above table that the total population of district Pauri

was 283760 in 1901 and rural population was 276697 and rest 2.1489%

population lives in urban areas. The total population is 316938 in 1911, and

307479 people live in rural areas and rest 2.98% in urban areas. The total

population was 320602 in 1921 and rural population is 311091 and rest 2.97

in urban areas. In 1931, the total population was 532782 and rural was

345963 and 35.06% in urban areas. In 1931, the total population was 532782

Population Sl. No. Census Year Number of Villages

Total Rural

1 1901 3100 283760 276697

2 1911 3321 316938 307479

3 1921 3383 320602 311091

4 1931 4523 532782 345963

5 1941 2800 397867 336823

6 1951 4583 422633 404710

7 1962 3208 482327 454820

8 1971 3235 553028 518181

9 1981 3237 637877 575208

10 1991 3205 682536 601353

11 2001 3137 697078 607203

32

and rural was 345963 and 35.06% in urban areas. In 1941, the total

population was 397867 and 336823 in rural areas and rest 15.34% in urban

areas. The total population in 1951 was 422633 and 404710 in rural areas

rest 4.42% in urban sector and 482327 was in 1961 and 454820 in rural

areas and rest 5.70% in urban sector in district Pauri. The total population

was 553028 in 1971 and 518181 in rural areas and rest 6.30% in urban areas.

In 1981, the total population was 637877 and rural population was 575208

and rest 9.82% in urban sector. In 1991, the total population was 682536 and

601353 in rural areas and rest 11.89% in urban areas. The total population of

district Pauri was 697078 and rural was 607203 and rest 12.89% in urban

areas.

Table-2.2

Population of District Pauri in 2001 According to Various Religions

Population S. No. Religion

Total Rural Urban

% of

Population

1 Hindu 673471 595131 78340 96.61

2 Muslim 20157 10161 9994 2.89

3 Christ hen 1915 1047 868 0.27

4 Sikhs 892 489 403 0.13

5 Buddhist 95 49 46 0.01

6 Jain 264 54 210 0.04

7 Other 7 2 5 0.01

8 Who doesn’t disclosed

their religions

277 268 9 0.04

Total 697078 607203 89872 100

Source: - Statistical Department of Pauri

33

Table-2.3

The Rate of Population Increasing (in %) S. No. Year District Pauri Uttranchal

1 1901 11.69 13.36

2 1911- 1921 1.16 1.23

3 1921 – 1931 10.04 8.74

4 1931 – 1941 12.78 13.63

5 1941 – 1951 6.23 12.67

6 1951 – 1961 14.15 22.57

7 1961 – 1971 14.16 24.42

8 1971 – 1981 15.27 27.45

9 1981 – 1991 9.05 24.23

10 1991 – 2001 3.87 19.20

Source: Vinser Uttranchal Year Book – 2003. Mr. Lokesh Nawani – P. 2.

It is clear from the above table that the rate of population increasing in

101 was 1.69% in district Pauri and 13.36% in Uttranchal but it decreased in

1911-1921 and which was 1.16% and 1.23 in district Pauri and Uttranchal

respectively. There were many reasons for this. But this rate increased by

10.04% and 8.74% in 1921 – 1931, and increased in 1931 – 1941 that was

12.78% and 13.63% in district Pauri and Uttranchal but it had decreased in

1941 – 51 but increased in 1951 – 1961 and 1971 – 1981 and it decrease in

1981 –1991 and that was 9.05% and 25.23% district Pauri and Uttranchal

respectively and also reduced in 1991 – 2001 that was 3.87%in district Pauri

and 19.20% in Uttranchal. The rate of population is going to decrease now

because literacy increasing and family planning programmes are being

implemented

34

Literacy

The social, economic and political development of any area depends

on its educational standard. The condition of literacy is shown in the

following table.

Table – 2.4

Literacy Rates by Sex for State and District (%)

Literacy Rate District Pauri Uttranchal

S.No. Year

Person Male Female Person Male Female 1 1991 65.53 82.57 49365 57.75 72.79 41.63

2 2001 77.99 91.47 66.14 72.28 84.01 60.26

Source: Uttranchal Samagra Adhyayan Dr. Sativa Mohan, P.P. 81

In Uttranchal, the literacy rate was 57.75% in 1991 in which 72.79%

were male and 41.63% female. Whereas in district Pauri the literacy rate

was 65.53% in which 82.57% were male and 49.65% female, which is

comparatively higher .According to 2001 census , 72.28% people were

literate in Uttranchal in which is 84.01% were male and 60.26% female.

While 77.99% people were literate in district Pauri, in which 91.47% were

male and 66.47% female.

Population Density

District Pauri is not densely populated. In 1971, the density of

population was 102 people per km, which increased by 7.42% in 1981and it

35

was 117, which further increased to 129 in1991. According to the

2001census, the density of the population state is 159.

Rural and urban structure

About 88% population of the district Pauri is rural and rest is urban

.The urban population mainly resides in its major cities like Pauri, Srinagar

and Kotdwar.

Education

Education is a need of every man to develop. The number of

educational institutions is increasing day by day in the district. There are

many government and private schools, colleges and degree colleges. There

is only university. The number of various educational institutions is as

follows:

Table – 2.5

Female Population According To Age Group (2001)

Senior Basic School Secondary College College P.G. College S. No. Year Junior Basic School

Total Girls Total Girls Total Girls Total Girls

1 1999-00 1608 358 79 250 17 2 - 1 -

2 2000-01 1659 408 119 257 16 4 - 1 -

3 2001-02 1779 474 123 257 16 4 - 1 -

4 2002-03 1791 474 123 257 16 4 - 1 -

Source: Statistical department of Pauri.

It is clear from the above table that the number of Junior Basic School

was 1608 in 1999-00, 1659 in 2000-01, 1779 in 2001-02 and 2002-03. The

Senior Basic Schools are 358 in 1999 – 2000 in which 79 are girls school, in

2000 – 01, total school are 408 in which 119 are girls school and 474 are in

36

2001 – 02 in which 123 are girls school. In 2002 – 03, the 474 are total

school in which 123 are girl’s school in district Pauri. The number of

secondary colleges are 250 in 1999 – 00 in which 17 are girls college. 257 in

2000 – 01 in which 16 colleges for girls, in 2001 – 02 and 2002 – 03. The

number of college is two in 1999 – 2000 and 4 in 2000 – 01, 2001 – 02 and

2002 – 03.

Table – 2.6

Condition of Educational Institutes

According To Geographical Condition


It is clear from the above table that there were 1719 Junior Basic

School in villages but in less than one Km are 358 which is less, and 464 in

1-3 Km, 311 in 3-5 Km and 257 are in more than 5 Km. the distance is

increasing and number of Junior Basic School is decreasing because these

schools are established in near villages so that literacy should increase. In

Number of educational institutes according to geographical condition

S. No.

Particular

In Village

s

Less than 1 Km

1-3 Km

3-5 Km

More than

5 Km. 1 Junior Basic School 1719 358 464 311 257

2 Senior Basic School (Boys) 328 172 440 881 1288

3 Senior Basic School (Girls) 120 378 1076 762 773

4 Secondary Basic School (Boys) 234 185 745 1510 435

5 Secondary Basic School (Girls) 09 139 409 1289 1263

37

less than one Km., the number of Junior Basic School is 358, Senior Basic

School (Boys) is 172, Senior Basic School (Girls) is 378, Secondary

Colleges (Boys) is 185 and Secondary Colleges (Girls) is 139. In 1-3 Km.,

the number of Junior Basic School is 464, Senior Basic School (Boys) is

440, Senior Basic School (Girls) is 1076, Secondary Colleges (Boys) is 745

and girl’s colleges are 409. In 3-5 Km., the number of Junior Basic School is

311, Senior Basic School (Boys) is 881, Girls Schools are 762, Senior

Colleges (Boys) are 1510 and Secondary Colleges (Girls) are 1289. More

than 5 Km, the number of Junior Basic School is 257, Senior Basic School

(Boys) is 1288, Senior Basic School (Girls) is 773. Secondary Colleges

(Boys) are 435 and Secondary Colleges (Girls) are 1263.

Table – 2.7

Number of Scheduled Casts / Scheduled Tribes Students in Recognized Institutes.


Number of students according to classes 1- 5 Classes 6 – 8 Classes 9 – 12 Classes DegreeClasses P.G. Colleges

Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls

S

Yea

r T

otal

SC

Tot

al

SC

Tot

al

SC

Tot

al

Gir

ls

Tot

al

SC

Tot

al

SC

Tot

al

SC

Tot

al

SC

Tot

al

SC

Tot

al

SC

1

1999

–

4204

1

9136

5099

4

9092

2509

6

3758

2041

2

2998

2185

8

1546

9136

964

7532

946

5011

336 --

--

--

--

2

2000

–

3496

1

5996

3772

8

9172

1739

6

3214

1667

8

2740

7327

8

9735

7165

6

9357

4842

598

3831

369

1055

138

1072

104

3

2001

–

3820

7

8540

3971

9

8687

2233

7

4197

2246

5

3627

2801

8

3166

2082

9

1959

4354

520

3765

359

984

134

1061

103

4

2002

– 0

3

4269

6

9557

4276

4

9684

2862

0

5620

2802

3

5959

2665

2

3976

2206

4

2585

4401

351

3436

166

1260

133

1219

90

13

It is clear from the table that the total number of 1 – 5 classes’ boys is

42041 in 1999 – 2000 in which 9136 are schedule casts. In 2000 –01, the

total number of boys is 34961 in which 5996 schedule casts. In 2001 – 02,

the boys are 38207 in which 8540 are schedule casts and in 2002 – 03, the

boys are 42696 in which 9557 are schedule casts. The number of 1 – 5

class’s girls in 1999 – 00 is 50994, 37728 in 2000 – 01, 39719 in 2001 – 02

and 42764 in 2002 – 03 in which 9022 are schedule casts in 1999 – 2000,

9172 in district Pauri. The number of 6 – 8 classes boys are 25096 in 1999 –

2000, 17396 in 2000 –01, 22337 in 2001 – 02 and 28620 in 2002 – 03 in

which 3758 are schedule casts in 1999 – 2000, 3214 in 2000 – 01, 4197 in

2001 – 02 and 5620 in 2002 – 03. The number of girls are 20412, in 1999 –

00, 16678 in 2000 – 01, 22465 in 2001 – 02 and 28023 in 2002 –03 in which

schedule casts are 2998 in 1999 – 00, 2740 in 2000 – 01, 3627 in 2001 – 02

and 5929 in 2002 – 03. The number of 9 – 12 classes boys are 21858 in 1999

– 00 73278 in 2000 – 01, 28018 in 2001 – 02 and 26652 in 2002 – 03 in

which 1546 are schedule casts in 1999 – 00, 9735 in 2000 – 01, 3166 in

2001 – 02 and 3976 in 2002 – 03. The girls are 9136 in 1999 – 00, 71656 in

2000 – 01, 20829 in 2001 – 02 and 22064 in 2002 – 03 in which the number

of schedule casts are 964 in 1999 – 00, 9357 in 2000 – 01, 1959 in 2001 – 02

and 2585 in 2002 – 03. The number of boys in degree classes is 7532 in

1999 –00, 4842 in 2000 – 01, 4354 in 2001 – 02 and 4401 in 2002 – 03, in

which the number of schedule casts boys is 946 in 1999 – 00, 598 in 2000 –

01, 520 in 2001 – 02 and 351 in 2002 – 03. The number of girls in 1999 –

14

2000 is 5011, 3831 in 2000 – 01, 3765 in 2001 – 02 and 3436 in 2002 – 03

in which 336 are schedule casts in 1999 – 00, 369 in 2000 – 01, 359 in 2001

– 02 and 166 in 2002 – 03. The number of boys in P.G. College is 1072 in

2000 – 01, 1061 in 2001 – 02 and 1219 in 2002 – 03 in which 104 are

schedule casts in 2000 – 01, 103 in 2001 – 02 and 90 in 2002 – 03 in district

Pauri.

Table-2.8

Drinking Water Facilities. The Number of

villages in which the water

supplied by means of pipe/hand pump

India mark-2

According to sources the number of villages are taking in general use

S. N

o.

Yea

r

Fully

Cov

ered

Hal

f Cov

ered

Con

nect

ed

Popu

latio

n

Wel

l

Han

d Pu

mp

Pipe

/ han

d pu

mp

Indi

a m

ark-

2

Dig

gi (w

ater

ta

nk)

Oth

er

Num

ber

of v

illag

es d

epri

ved

of

1

1999

-200

0

2986

--

5853

56 -- --

2086

28

123

149

2

2000

-200

1

3058

14

5495

00 -- --

3072

28

37

28

3

2001

-200

2

3

065 14

5930

49 -- --

3079

08

22

1

8

15

Business Structure

Business distribution of population is the indicates of physical

prosperity and economic progress of any particular area. “The meaning of

business distribution of Population is the division of working population in

various business2. The economic activities have been divided in two three

classes by Registrar General of India.

1. Agriculture Sector (First Sector)

In this sector is included agriculture, farmer, agriculture labour,

animal husbandry, forests, hunting, fishery etc.

2- Industry Sector (Secondary Sector)

In this sector is included manufacturing industries and now mine is

included at present.

3- Service Sector (Third Sector)

In this sector is included transportation, communication, trade,

commerce, banking, insurance and finance related business.

The Economic progress can be determined by study of business

structure. If maximum part of population is engaged in agriculture and its

related business, the economy is backward and traditional. Moreover, if

maximum part of population is engaged in the industrial sector, it is

progressive economy. If many people are engaged in service sector, it

indicator of development of the society.

16

The working people in these economic activities are called working

population. The commercial distribution of population can be clear from the

following table:

Table-2.9 Commercial Distribution of Population in District Pauri.

Year S. No.

Particular 1991 %ag

e 20001 % age

1 Farmers 135929 62.4 99391 57.90

2 Agriculture labourer 3927 1.8 1049 0.61

3 Animal husbandry etc. 5346 2.4 -- --

4 Non-family industry 4533 2.08 -- --

5 Family Industry 1088 0.499 2280 1.33

6 Manufacturing work 5696 2.61 -- --

7 Trade / Commerce 9380 4.3 -- --

8 Transportation and

communication

4146 1.9 -- --

9 Industry, mine 57 0.03 -- --

10 Other worker 47729 21.94 -- --

11 Total main worker 217831 100 171647 100

12 Marginal worker 51374 -- 98224 --

13 Total worker 269205 -- 269871 --


It is evident from the above table that the maximum parts of the

population are working in farming. The 75.90% were farmers’ in1991, while

it was 62.4% in 2001. This percentage of farmers decreased because there

were no reforms in agriculture field and people strated other business. The

17

percentage of agriculture labour also fell down in 2001 because of low

agricultural productivity and low wages. The 0.499% working population

was engaged in family industries in 1991 and it was 1.33% in 2001 because

people started shifting to industrial and other sectors.

Table-3.0

Registered Factories, Small-Scale Industries, Khadi-Gramo-Udhyog And Working Population In These Industries In District Pauri.

Registered factories

Small- Scale Industries

Khadi Gramo Udhyog

S. No.

Year

Number Person Number Person Number Person 1 2000 – 01 30 2878 241 554 1389 1389

2 2001 – 02 32 2976 241 516 1425 1425

3 2002 – 03 40 3240 241 475 1475 1602


It is clear from the above table that the number of registered factories

was 30, 32, 40 in 2000 – 01, 2001 – 02 and 2002 – 03 respectively and 2878,

2976, 3240 persons are engaged in these factories. The number of factories

increasing. The number of small-scale industries were 241 in 2000 – 01

which didn’t change in the next years but the number of persons depending

on it increased in 2001 – 02 but this decreased in 2002 – 03 which was

475. There were 1389 Khadi-Gramo-Udhyog in 2000 – 01, 1425 in 2001 –

2002, 1475 in 2002 –03 and the number of people engaged in these

industries were 1389 in year 2000 –01, 1425 in 2001 – 02 and 1602 in 2002

– 03 in this district. The number of Khadi-Gramo-Udhyogs is increasing.

Documents

the area of the study