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The American The American RevolutionRevolution
Revolution Revolution – complete overthrow – complete overthrow of an established governmentof an established government
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DnZ_ZY3lgA
Independence not as popular as you think!!
Opposing SidesOpposing Sides
PatriotsPatriots : opposed British rule : opposed British ruleGoal: remove taxes, rule Goal: remove taxes, rule
themselvesthemselves
+ many owned their own rifles and + many owned their own rifles and were good shotswere good shots
+ good commander (GW)+ good commander (GW)
+ fight hard to defend their + fight hard to defend their homelandhomeland
- Poorly trained Poorly trained - Few cannons, little gunpowder, Few cannons, little gunpowder,
no navyno navy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLRAuZnaXF4&feature=fvsr
http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v=coK_9ZVeufI=coK_9ZVeufI
Loyalists (Tories) :Loyalists (Tories) :
remained loyal to Britainremained loyal to Britain
• 30% of population30% of population• Mostly from NY and Southern Mostly from NY and Southern
ColoniesColonies• Major cities had many ToriesMajor cities had many Tories
- faced tough times- faced tough times*tar and feathered*tar and feathered* most fled to England * most fled to England
or Canadaor Canada
Loyalist30%
Patriot45%
Neutral25%
How the colonist split!
Just by looking at this chart, who do you think would win?
What does it mean to be “Neutral”?
The Greatest Army in the WorldThe Greatest Army in the World
BritishBritish Goal:Goal: maintain control over maintain control over
the coloniesthe colonies
+ trained army+ trained army+ best navy in the world+ best navy in the world+ many colonists still + many colonists still
supported Britainsupported Britain- Home country is miles Home country is miles
away- news and supplies away- news and supplies move slowlymove slowly
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0ZhsDKoix8
Where did most of the colonist live at the start of the Revolution?
Native and African AmericansNative and African Americans Native Americans splitNative Americans split
• Iroquois fight with BritishIroquois fight with British Slaves were promised freedom for fighting Slaves were promised freedom for fighting
on the British Side on the British Side • This offer leads many African Americans to This offer leads many African Americans to
fight with Britishfight with British• Northern Patriots were also concerned about Northern Patriots were also concerned about
giving guns to African Americans- they might giving guns to African Americans- they might rise against themrise against them
• Southern Patriots feared losing their slavesSouthern Patriots feared losing their slaves• About 5,000 slaves enlist in Continental ArmyAbout 5,000 slaves enlist in Continental Army
Why do you think slaves would side with the Patriots?Why do you think slaves would side with the Patriots?
Native American Tribes during American Revolution Worksheet
Ticonderoga, VermontTiconderoga, VermontMay 10, 1775May 10, 1775
Ethan AllenEthan Allen leads leads Green Mountain BoysGreen Mountain Boys
Surprise attack by 400 Surprise attack by 400 Colonists takes fort!Colonists takes fort!
• Goal:Goal: take weapons and take weapons and cannons from the cannons from the British fortBritish fort
• Outcome:Outcome: goal goal achieved-achieved- won a won a supply of cannons and supply of cannons and gunpowder for colonial gunpowder for colonial armies!armies!
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=ethan+allen+and+the+green+mountain+boys&view=detail&mid=EFB8B5B1539C2A607CB8EFB8B5B1539C2A607CB8&first=0&FORM=LKVR1&adlt=strict
Fort Ticonderoga TodayFort Ticonderoga Today
Second Continental CongressSecond Continental CongressJune 1775June 1775
Set up Continental Army Set up Continental Army George Washington as George Washington as
commander-in-chiefcommander-in-chief
• Last Chance…Last Chance…
Olive Branch PetitionOlive Branch Petition:: asked King to asked King to repeal repeal (take (take away) the Intolerable Acts.away) the Intolerable Acts.
If repealed, colonists would If repealed, colonists would pledge loyalty to the kingpledge loyalty to the king
Outcome: King rejected itOutcome: King rejected it
2nd Continental Congress Worksheet
Washington’s TroublesWashington’s Troubles Soldiers enlist for only a Soldiers enlist for only a one one
year termyear term• Soldiers go home when their Soldiers go home when their
time is uptime is up Restricted to recruiting only Restricted to recruiting only
Patriots-no Indians (at first)Patriots-no Indians (at first) Washington never had more Washington never had more
than 17,000 men under his than 17,000 men under his commandcommand
Congress has little money Congress has little money with which to support armywith which to support army
Soldiers in need of food, Soldiers in need of food, clothing, shoes, guns, clothing, shoes, guns, ammunitionammunition
Portrait of George Washington (1799)/ George Washington Commander in Chief.pdf
Battle of Bunker Hill, MABattle of Bunker Hill, MAJune 16, 1775June 16, 1775
Colonel William Prescott ledColonel William Prescott led 1200 1200 MinutemenMinutemen to Bunker Hill (wanted to Bunker Hill (wanted to fire British ships)to fire British ships)• Went to Breed’s Hill instead Went to Breed’s Hill instead
(better position)(better position)• Patriots had limited ‘bullets’- Patriots had limited ‘bullets’-
Probably had 5 shots eachProbably had 5 shots each
British General William Howe saw the British General William Howe saw the AmericansAmericans• 2400 redcoats2400 redcoats went across went across
harbor to attackharbor to attack
Took Took 3 attempts3 attempts, but British finally , but British finally took Bunker and Breed’s hill (1000 took Bunker and Breed’s hill (1000 redcoats dead or wounded)redcoats dead or wounded)
Americans lost 400, lost battle, but Americans lost 400, lost battle, but showed they could fight bravelyshowed they could fight bravely
Liberty`sLiberty`s Kids: #09 "Bunker Kids: #09 "Bunker Hill" (1/2) - Hill" (1/2) - YouTubeYouTube
Don’t shoot until you see Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes!” the whites of their eyes!”
--William --William Prescott, Prescott, 17751775
Bunker Hill and Boston
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=william+prescott+bunker+hill&view=detail&mid=2CCCE22DBFA5EBE121782CCCE22DBFA5EBE12178&first=0&FORM=LKVR7&adlt=strict
Bunker Hill Memorial – Charleston, Massachusetts
Bunker hill was on a peninsula
Reading Comprehension Worksheet
Project- Battles Worksheet
Declaring IndependenceDeclaring Independence
Common SenseCommon Sense• Written by Thomas Written by Thomas
Paine, January 1776Paine, January 1776
Pamphlet urging colonists Pamphlet urging colonists to declare their to declare their independence from independence from BritainBritain
• Over 100,000 copies soldOver 100,000 copies sold
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezU8UhZ2RSo
Common Sense Worksheet
Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence
Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence• Written by Thomas JeffersonWritten by Thomas Jefferson• Ratified (Passed) on July 4, Ratified (Passed) on July 4,
17761776• Started with preamble Started with preamble
(introduction(introduction)) 3 parts3 parts
• Natural rights (rights that Natural rights (rights that belong to all people from belong to all people from birth)birth)
• Wrongs done by the kingWrongs done by the king• Independence declaredIndependence declared
We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness --
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=4EE37EE8-7CB6-49BF-88A7-4BE3790610F9&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
Rough Draft Of Declaration of Independence http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrvpZxMfKaU
Original Declaration at National Archives, Washington DC
Declaration Of Independence Worksheet
Political Cartoon WS
Fighting SpreadsFighting Spreads British ships move into British ships move into
New York (General Howe, New York (General Howe, 34,000 redcoats, 10,000 34,000 redcoats, 10,000 sailors)sailors)
GW is expecting the GW is expecting the British, but he is British, but he is unpreparedunprepared• Only 20,000 poorly trained Only 20,000 poorly trained
troops, no navytroops, no navy
• Outcome: 1,400 Outcome: 1,400 Americans killed, Americans killed, captured, or wounded, captured, or wounded, the rest would retreatthe rest would retreat
Nathan HaleNathan Hale (American spy) (American spy) captured by Britishcaptured by British
The Riflemen Report WS
Battle of Long IslandBattle of Long Island August 27, 1776August 27, 1776 General Howe (British) vs General Howe (British) vs
General WashingtonGeneral Washington Battles were in Battles were in
Brooklyn/Manhattan (Yes, Brooklyn/Manhattan (Yes, Brooklyn is part of Long Brooklyn is part of Long Island!)Island!)
GW must retreat, New York GW must retreat, New York and its harbor is captured and its harbor is captured by the Britishby the British
Bad defeat for AmericansBad defeat for Americans
The Battle for Long Island - YouTube
British in Red, Continental in Blue
Continental Army badly outnumbered.
Battle of LI.pdf
More SupportMore Support
The CrisisThe Crisis• Written by Thomas Written by Thomas
PainePaine Pamphlet written to Pamphlet written to
urge colonists to urge colonists to support Continental support Continental ArmyArmy
Read aloud to troops Read aloud to troops to raise their spiritsto raise their spirits
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYQrUx0TCos
Battle of Trenton, New JerseyBattle of Trenton, New JerseyDec. 25, 1776Dec. 25, 1776
GW crosses the Delaware GW crosses the Delaware River.River.
Dec. 25, 1776 Dec. 25, 1776 Surprises Hessians Surprises Hessians
(German troops that (German troops that England hired)England hired)
Battle Dec. 26- American Battle Dec. 26- American VictoryVictory
British General Charles British General Charles Cornwallis set to retake Cornwallis set to retake Trenton, but was fooledTrenton, but was fooled
Americans attacked Americans attacked PrincetownPrincetown
H:\1 JFK\7th Grade Social Studies\Unit 7 Revolutionary War\Washington Christmas Attack.pdf
Washington Crossing the Delaware RiverWashington Crossing the Delaware RiverPainted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851
Crossing the Delaware Comp
Battle of Saratoga, NYBattle of Saratoga, NY17771777
British were discouraged so they British were discouraged so they created new plancreated new plan• Plan was to Attack Americans Plan was to Attack Americans
from 3 directions- some problemsfrom 3 directions- some problems From NYC- British wanted to From NYC- British wanted to
capture Philadelphia first, capture Philadelphia first, then defeat Americans in then defeat Americans in Brandywine and Brandywine and Germantown, so they stayed Germantown, so they stayed in Philadelphia for winterin Philadelphia for winter
From Canada- St. Leger’s From Canada- St. Leger’s army drove back when met army drove back when met American armyAmerican army
Burgoyne was left – at first Burgoyne was left – at first successful, retook Ft. successful, retook Ft.
Ticonderoga, butTiconderoga, but then he then he became trapped and became trapped and surrenderedsurrendered
Saratoga the Turning Point WS
TURNING POINT OF THE WAR!TURNING POINT OF THE WAR!
The Battle of Saratoga was The Battle of Saratoga was an American victory and an American victory and was the was the turning point in turning point in the warthe war because: because:
boosted spirits of the boosted spirits of the troopstroops
France becomes 1France becomes 1stst official allyofficial ally
Later, Spain and the Later, Spain and the Netherlands become alliesNetherlands become allies
General Burgoyne surrenders
Help from EuropeHelp from Europe Marquis de LafayetteMarquis de Lafayette: helped train troops: helped train troops
Frederich von SteubenFrederich von Steuben: taught troops to : taught troops to march and drillmarch and drill
Thaddeus KosciuskoThaddeus Kosciusko: helped build forts: helped build forts
Casimir PulaskiCasimir Pulaski: trained cavalry (troops on : trained cavalry (troops on horseback)horseback)
Bernardo de GalvezBernardo de Galvez: supplies medicine, : supplies medicine, cloth, cloth, muskets, gunpowder. Helps capture muskets, gunpowder. Helps capture British forts in the SouthBritish forts in the South
Famous People Powerpoint
Winter at Valley Forge, PA Winter at Valley Forge, PA 1777-17781777-1778
Winter headquartersWinter headquarters Low on food, blankets, Low on food, blankets,
warm clothing, shoeswarm clothing, shoes Many troops became ill Many troops became ill
and 1/4 died. (25 out of and 1/4 died. (25 out of every 100 men)every 100 men)
Soldiers trained Soldiers trained (Next (Next Slide-- Baron Von Slide-- Baron Von Steuben)Steuben) and become and become disciplined and organizeddisciplined and organized
Women collect and send Women collect and send suppliessupplies
Valley Forge Reading
Frederick von SteubenFrederick von Steuben Officer in Prussian ArmyOfficer in Prussian Army Considered best Considered best
commander in Europecommander in Europe Trained GW’s troops at Trained GW’s troops at
Valley Forge –taught Valley Forge –taught them how to be soldiers them how to be soldiers – to march, drill and – to march, drill and shoot!shoot!
Wrote training manual for Wrote training manual for army (still used today!)army (still used today!)
Von Steuben Training Guide
Valley Forge Project- SMARTBOARD
Fighting in the South-- 1780Fighting in the South-- 1780
Francis Marion: “Francis Marion: “The Swamp FoxThe Swamp Fox””• Led “guerilla” war in the Carolinas (hit Led “guerilla” war in the Carolinas (hit
and run)and run) Frustrated the BritishFrustrated the British Ambushed supply linesAmbushed supply lines Kept Cornwalis busy so Kept Cornwalis busy so
he couldn’t come northhe couldn’t come north Movie “The Patriot”Movie “The Patriot”
Francis Marion Short Biography - YouTube
The Patriot Highlight of “The Swamp Fox”
http://youtu.be/FH6dUmF4AA0?
The War at Sea!The War at Sea!
John Paul JohnsJohn Paul Johns Famous Quote: Famous Quote: “I “I
have not yet begun have not yet begun to fight!”to fight!”
Ship was named Ship was named the the Bohomme Bohomme RichardRichard
Considered the Considered the founder of the founder of the United States NavyUnited States Navy
http://youtu.be/SHE_XHigysI
Battle of Yorktown, VABattle of Yorktown, VAOctober 19, 1781October 19, 1781
CornwallisCornwallis wanted to conquer wanted to conquer VAVA
Needed to supplies and Needed to supplies and thought the British ships could thought the British ships could reach himreach him
Washington marched his Washington marched his troops to the area the British troops to the area the British was in was in
French fleet blocks the French fleet blocks the Chesapeake Bay (British can’t Chesapeake Bay (British can’t get their supplies)get their supplies)
Cornwallis surrendersCornwallis surrenders
http://youtu.be/7Ei9MxgmJUs
Surrender at Yorktown ClipBONUS:
Mrs. Muller’s Birthday is Oct. 19th
Cornwallis’ Surrender at YorktownCornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown
Treaty of Paris, 1783Treaty of Paris, 1783 Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Franklin,
John Adams and John John Adams and John Jay sent to negotiateJay sent to negotiate
United States United States Independence grantedIndependence granted
USA: land to USA: land to Mississippi River, Mississippi River, North to Canada, and North to Canada, and South to FloridaSouth to Florida
Ratified (approved) Ratified (approved) April 15, 1783April 15, 1783
Results of the Revolution Reading
What factors helped the Patriots What factors helped the Patriots win?win?
GeographyGeography• British had difficulty to send soldiers and British had difficulty to send soldiers and
supplies so far awaysupplies so far away• Americans knew their land, best routes and the Americans knew their land, best routes and the
best places to fight (GUERILLA WARFARE)best places to fight (GUERILLA WARFARE) AlliesAllies
• SpainSpain• FrenchFrench
Patriotic SpiritPatriotic Spirit Washington’s leadershipWashington’s leadership Patriots united for a common causePatriots united for a common cause
Advantages Disadvantages
Possibility of foreign aid from France
Legitimacy in the world community
Captured soldiers treated as POWs not spies or rebels
Independence might unite different areas of the colonies
Stating for the world the ideological basis of this new country
Freedom from subservience to the King
Might lose friends in England who supported cause of colonists in regard to representation in Parliament but not independence
Might cause division within the colonies If Revolution failed, the and leaders might be tried and executed as traitors.
Colonies were poorlyprepared for warFighting the largest military power in the worldNo weapons normanufacturing to make them
Dependent on England for elements needed to fight a war.Chances of winning the warwere slim.Colonists would be cutting themselves off from the biggest, freest empire in theworld.Sentimental attachment to homeland.
Was Independence a Good or Bad Thing? Depends on who you ask!
Flying High for Freedom WS
This is the national seal of the United States of America. On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress put together acommittee to make an official seal of the United States. Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jeffersonwere on the committee.
NEXT UNIT: A NEW GOVERNMENT IS BORN!
The Great Seal: Our National Emblem
http://youtu.be/6uLUYCWeoWk
FRONT BACK
A changed world! A New Nation!A changed world! A New Nation!Famous Revolutionary War Hero Biography Report