THE AMENDMENTS

By WAYNE,MAIA AND BRIANA

THE BASICS OF THE FIRST AMENDMENTS he First Amendment to the UNITED STATES

CONSTITUTION is part of the BILL OF RIGHTS. The amendment prohibits the CONGRESS from making laws “RESPECTING AN ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION", impeding the FREE EXCERSIZE OF RELIGION, infringing on the FREEDOM OF SPEECH and infringing on the FREEDOM OF THE PRESS. In the 20th century, the SUPREME COURTV held that the DUE PROCESS CAUSE OF THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT the First Amendment to each STATE, including any LOCAL.

GOVERNMENT

THE SECOND AMENDMENT The Second Amendment (Amendment

II) to the united states constitution is the part of the united states bill of rights that protects aright to keep and bear arms. The Second Amendment was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the Bill of Rights. The American bar association has noted that there is more disagreement and less understanding about this right than of any other current issue regarding the Constitution.

Third amendment The Third amendment to the united states constitution

(Amendment III) is a part of the united states bill of rightsIt was introduced on September 5, 1789, and then three-fourths of the states ratified this as well as 9 others on December 15, 1791. It prohibits, in peacetime, the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent. It makes quartering legally permissible in wartime only, and then only according to law. The fouding fathers' intention in writing this amendment was to prevent the recurrence of soldiers being quartered in private property as was done in colonial america by the British military under the quartering act before the American Revolution (1775-1776).

The fourth admendment

The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution is the part of the Bill of Rights which guards against unreasonable searches and seizures. It was ratified as a response to the abuse of the writ of assistance, which is a type of general search warrant, in the American Revolution. The amendment specifically also requires search and arrest warrants be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause. Search and arrest should be limited in scope according to specific information supplied to the issuing court, usually by a law enforcement officer, who has sworn by it.

In Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961), the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment applies to the states by way of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court has also ruled that certain searches and seizures violated the Fourth Amendment even when a warrant was properly granted.

The fifth amendtment The Fifth Amendment to the

United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, protects against abuse of government authority in a legal procedure. Its guarantees stem from English common law which traces back to the Magna Carta in 1215. For instance, grand juries and the phrase "due process" both trace their origin to the Magna Carta.

The sixth amendment The Sixth Amendment to the

United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights which sets forth rights related to criminal prosecutions in federal courts. The Supreme Court has applied the protections of this amendment to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The seventh amendment The Seventh Amendment (Amendment

VII) of the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, codifies the right to a jury trial in certain civil trials. Unlike most of the Bill of Rights, the Supreme Court has not incorporated the amendment's requirements to the states under the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Eighth Amendment The Eighth Amendment (Amendment VIII) to the

United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights which prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines or cruel and unusual punishments. The phrases employed originate in the English Bill of Rights of 1689. In Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber 329 U.S. 459 (1947), the Supreme Court assumed that the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause applied to the states. In Robinson v. California, 370 U.S. 660 (1962), the Court ruled that clause did apply to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court has not ruled on whether the Excessive Bail or Excessive Fines Clauses apply to the states.

the Ninth Amendment (the Ninth Amendment) to the

United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, addresses rights of the people that are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution.

The Tenth Amendment The Tenth Amendment of the

United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, was ratified on December 15, 1791. The Tenth Amendment restates the Constitution's principle of federalism by providing that powers not granted to the national government nor prohibited to the states by the constitution of the United States are reserved to the states or the people.

The therdteenth Amendment 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,

except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

The forteen Amendment 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United

States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

The fifthteen Amendment 1. The right of citizens of the United States

to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation

The ninthteen Amendment The right of citizens of the United States to

vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation