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The Almaty Program of Action
and the World Bank Group
2003-2013
Marc JuhelSector Manager, Transport
Transport, Water and Information and Communication Technology Department
The World Bank
2
Outline
Strategy Coherence and Consistency Trade Trends in Landlocked Developing
Countries since the Adoption of APoA Logistics Performance Index The Access Problem and the Transit Corridors:
A Conceptual Framework World Bank “Almaty Lending” Support
3
Strategy Coherence and ConsistencyA
PoA
Aims
(a) secure access to and from the sea by all means of transport according to applicable rules of international law;
(b) reduce costs and improve services so as to increase the competitiveness of their exports;
(c) reduce the delivered costs of imports;
(d) address problems of delays and uncertainties in trade routes;
(e) develop adequate national networks;
(f) reduce loss, damage and deterioration en route;
(g) open the way for export expansion;
(h) improve safety of road transport and security of people along the corridors.
WB
Tra
nsp
ort
Str
ateg
y Strategic directions
1. Create the conditions for increased support for transport investment and governance
2. Deepen engagement in the roads and highways subsector
3. Increase engagement in the urban transport subsector
4. Diversify engagement in transport for trade
- support public and private infrastructure investment to overcome physical or quality bottlenecks in transport so as to enable regional and international trade in goods and services
- increased attention to transport services
- develop the institutional capacity to implement transport and logistics strategies
- corridor approaches used in designing the strategies for major trade routes
5. Transport and climate change: control emissions and mitigate impact
WB
Tra
de
Str
ateg
y Priority areas
1. Trade Competitiveness and Diversification
- trade policy ; trade in services as a new means to access international best practices and expand exports; and the design and implementation of specific actions to address market and information failures
2. Trade Facilitation, Transport Logistics and Trade Finance
- to reduce the costs associated with moving goods along international supply chains, whether these are measured in terms of time, money, or reliability
- to enhance the performance of trade corridors used by land-linked developing countries, especially in Africa
3. Support for Market Access and International Trade Cooperation
4:Managing Shocks and Promoting Greater Inclusion
4
Trade Trends in Landlocked Developing Countries since the Adoption of APoA
Average per capita income increase*
• 31 Landlocked countries: 3.8% per year• Global average : 1.5% per year
Average growth rate increase*
• All low income countries: 3.1 % per year• 27 Transit countries: 3.4% per year
*since 2000
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Trade Trends in Landlocked Developing Countries since the Adoption of APoA
Export value of merchandise• Landlocked countries: ↗ 7-fold *(21.1% per year)
• Central Asian countries ↗ 8 -fold*• Sub-Saharan countries ↗ 4 -fold*
• Transit countries : ↗ 6-fold* (18.3 % per year) Export value of global merchandise: ↗ 3-fold*
(10.8% per year) Export share in total trade of LLDCs
• 47 % in 2000 ↗ 55 % in 2011*since 2000
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Logistics Performance Index by Income Group
Income group 2007 2010 2012 Change Growth (%)
High income - OECD 3.73 3.73 3.69 -0.04 -1
High income - non OECD 3.25 3.24 3.24 0.01 0
Upper middle income 2.66 2.80 2.83 0.17 6
Lower middle income 2.47 2.59 2.61 0.14 6
Low income 2.26 2.43 2.43 0.17 8
Landlocked developing countries
2.18 2.45 2.46 0.28 13
Transit coastal countries 2.65 2.79 2.84 0.19 7
World 2.74 2.87 2.86 0.12 4
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Logistics Performance Index of Coastal and Landlocked Countries
Region Regionalaverage
Landlockedcountries
Coastal countries
Coastal advantage
over landlocked (%)
2007 2012 2007 2012 2007 2012 2007 2012World n. a. n. a. 2.44 2.65 2.83 2.92 16 10Sub-Saharan Africa
2.35 2.47 2.23 2.44 2.40 2.49 8 2
East Asia and Pacific
2.58 2.78 2.17 2.38 2.65 2.85 22 20
Latin America and the Caribbean
2.57 2.68 2.44 2.56 2.58 2.70 6 5
South Asia 2.30 2.53 1.84 2.27 2.64 2.69 43 19
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Logistics Performance Index in Regions with Poorly Performing LLDCs
Sub-Saharan Africa Central Asia South Asia
Background data
Landlocked Coastal Landlocked Landlocked Coastal
2007 2012 2007 2012 2007 2012 2007 2012 2007 2012
Overall LPI 2.23 2.44 2.40 2.49 2.14 2.58 1.84 2.27 2.64 2.69
Selected LPI components:
Logistics competence
2.21 2.35 2.38 2.46 2.11 2.52 1.84 2.22 2.69 2.71
Infrastructure 1.92 2.26 2.20 2.28 1.98 2.43 1.61 2.04 2.42 2.45
Customs 2.08 2.29 2.27 2.30 1.99 2.56 1.69 2.24 2.34 2.49
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The Access Problem and the Transit Corridors: A Conceptual Framework
"SOFT "AND "HARD" INFRASTRUCTURE
IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITY
IMPLEMENTATION FOCUS
TRANSIT SYSTEM: IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS
CustomsTRANSIT REGIME
& Facilitation
Enforcement ofTRANSPORT Policies
CORRIDOR Management
International Movement of
GOODS
International Movement of Vehicles
& SERVICES
Physical Connectivity
rail road
border ICT
Institutions
CustomsTransport
regional secretariat
Legal Framework
bilateral treaties
regional community
global tools
Private sector
banks
truckers forwarders
business assoc
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World Bank “Almaty Lending” Support
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
US$
M
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World Bank “Almaty Lending” by Geographical Location
48%
6%
42%
1% 4%
AFREAPECALCRMNASAR
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World Bank Regional Integration and Trade Facilitation Projects
