T H E A G R I C U LT U R A L R E V O L U T I O N S / N E O L I T H I C L I F EP A G E S 1 7 - 2 5

CHAPTER 1

PALEOLITHIC PERIOD

• Describe the Paleolithic period and what it would look like on earth during the ice age.

POSSIBLE MIGRATION ROUTES TO THE AMERICAS FROM AFRO-EURASIA

HUNTER-GATHERING/FORAGING (FLORA)DOMESTICATED V. TAME

HUNTER-GATHERING/FORAGING FAUNA

ROLES FOR HUNTING/GATHERING

• Who hunts?

• Who gathers?

• Who has the authority of the family unit?

• Who has the primary duty of maintaining the family unit?

• What technologies are used by hunter/gatherers?

NEOLITHIC PERIOD

NEOLITHIC AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS

• Why do the early humans switch from Paleolithic (hunter-gatherers) to the Neolithic (agriculture)?

• Environmental changes

• Realization of local crops and growth patterns

• Adaptation of technology

• Increases in population

• Decrease in available resources

FLORA/FAUNA INDIGENOUS MAP

DOMESTICATION OF PLANTS

INDEPENDENT INVENTION OF AGRICULTURAL CENTERS & MOVEMENT

DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS

http://stravaganzastravaganza.blogspot.com/2011/10/neolithic-age-agriculture-and-livestock.html

DOMESTIC ANIMALS

MEGALITHIC STRUCTURES CIRCA 5000

CHANGES BECAUSE OF AGRICULTURE• Hunter-gatherers• Small kinship groups of hunting-foraging bands self-sufficient• Nomadic – moved from place to place (usually seasonal)• In contact with other nomadic groups • Lived near water and food sources• Nutrition level high (based on skeletal remains)• Men are hunters, Women are gatherers• Women begin seeing pattern of seeds/germination, planters

• Agriculturist/Sedentary• Larger villages to small cities (civilization)• Sedentary – live in or near village/city• Trade with both nomadic groups and other sedentary groups• Lived near water and planting lands• Nutrition level low (usually one/few food sources) • Men and Women are workers in agriculture• When more crops are grown with fewer workers, specialization

can occur – leadership positions, artisans, religious positions, etc.

TIMELINE• 8,000 BC – Neolithic Agricultural Revolutions begin

(Agriculture begins and then spreads out replacing nomads; however, there are conflicts/trade between nomads for many years. There are still some nomadic people in the world but they are not like the original nomadic people.)

• 7,000 BC – Domestication begins (probable date)• 5,000 BC – Megaliths• 3,200 BC – First Civilization (Sumer, probable)• 3,000 BC – Written text (Mesopotamia)• 2,600 BC – Ox-drawn wooden plows• 2,560 BC – Cheops Pyramid Built• 1750s BC – First Law Code (Hammurabi, Babylon)• 995 BC – King David Rules Israel• 775 BC – City of Rome Founded