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The Neolithic RevolutionMs. Carmelitano
The Neolithic RevolutionThe “New Stone Age”The Agricultural Revolution
The shift from “food gathering” to “food producing”
Began between 9000 – 5000 BCE
Important NoteThis was not one sudden “Revolution”
It was a slow change from hunter-gathering to farming
These changes took place at different times all over the world
Where it all Began"Fertile Crescent" in what is now modern Iraq A crescent-shaped region Contains moist and fertile land in otherwise arid
areaAgriculture and pastoralism diffused from
Mesopotamia to Egypt, Western Europe and the Indus Valley
Causes of the Neolithic Revolution
Warmer Climate ChangeBig game migrated to the mountains, limiting the
food sourceLonger growing season and drier landThis leads to a population boom Hunting and gathering could no longer support the
population Farming provides a steady source of food
“Invention of Farming”
Effect of the NR: 1. New Farming Techniques
Slash and burn farming – cut trees and grasses and burned them to clear a field The ashes fertilized the soil Crops planted for a year or two and then moved to a new area so
the grasses could grow back Domestication of animals - taming
Horses, cows, goats, pigs Pastoral Nomads
They moved their animals to new pasture grounds and watering holes
Map of Crops
Effect of the NR: 2. Job Specialization
In Hunter-Gatherer clans every person was required for hunting or gathering
In sedentary societies, people could now have specialized jobs Builders Inventors/scientists Artists – wove baskets, made pottery and jewelry
Effect of the NR: 3. The Economy The establishment of traditional economies
An economy based on agriculture, manufacturing, and trade The first social classes emerge as a result
Warrior, farmer, craftsman classes Stratification between men and women
Effect of the NR: 4. Metal Tools Metal tools and weapons replaced stone tools
Farming allows for job specialization Smiths could make innovations to tools
Useful to agriculture and herding Metal farming tools were more efficient
Metal plow Metal hoes and farm tools Advanced tools increased food production increases the population
more job specialization more inventions to make life easier
Neolithic Ice Man
The Neolithic Ice Man has given scientists evidence of Neolithic tools He was found with:
a 6-foot long bow 14 arrows a stick with an antler tip for sharpening
flint blades a flint dagger a copper ax a medicine bag
He was found in the mountains between Austria and Italy
Effect of the NR: 5. New Diseases Clans began to live in close quarters with animals Disease became rampant
Smallpox, Tuberculosis, measles, influenza, malaria The rat
Immunity Introduction to these diseases helped people develop immune
systems
Spread of Ideas As nomadic clans passed through these new settlements,
the ideas spread