The Age of The Age of ExplorationExploration

Chapter 13Chapter 13

Reasons for Exploration

War and the conquests by the Ottoman Turks reduced the ability to travel by land.

3 G’s – Gold, God, Glory

PortuguesePortuguese

Portugal takes the lead Portugal takes the lead in exploration. in exploration.

GoldGold– Southern coast of West Southern coast of West

Africa = Gold CoastAfrica = Gold Coast

SpiceSpice– Vasco da Gama (1498), Vasco da Gama (1498),

found route to India; found route to India; made HUGE profitsmade HUGE profits

Voyages to the AmericasVoyages to the Americas

SpainSpain– financed financed

ColumbusColumbus– 1492, reached 1492, reached

the Indies the Indies – Thought he had Thought he had

reached Asiareached Asia

Columbus and Queen Isabella

Columbus’s Map circa 1490

Line of DemarcationLine of Demarcation Spain & Portugal feared the other Spain & Portugal feared the other

would claim the new territorieswould claim the new territories Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas – Spain gets – Spain gets

west and Portugal gets east. west and Portugal gets east.

Original Treaty Original Treaty of Tordesillas of Tordesillas

MapMap

The Race is On!

John Cabot – explores New England coastline for England

Amerigo Vespucci – wrote letters and described what he saw

Hernan Cortes – conquers Aztecs Francisco Pizarro – conquers Incas

DiseasesDiseases

Forced labor, starvation, & Forced labor, starvation, & disease devastated the Native disease devastated the Native American populationAmerican population

– Mexico: 25 million to 1 millionMexico: 25 million to 1 million– Hispaniola: 250,000 to 500Hispaniola: 250,000 to 500

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

The exchange of plants and The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and animals between Europe and the Americasthe Americas

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange Philippines becomes base for Philippines becomes base for

Spanish tradeSpanish trade English establish trade with India English establish trade with India

and SE Asiaand SE Asia Dutch form East India Company Dutch form East India Company

(Competed with English & (Competed with English & Portuguese) Portuguese) – Formed West India Company (trade Formed West India Company (trade

in the Americas)in the Americas)– Established colony of New Established colony of New

NetherlandNetherland English established English established

Massachusetts Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony (1600’s) – (1600’s) – becomes colonial becomes colonial empireempire

MercantilismMercantilism

a nation’s prosperity a nation’s prosperity depended on a large supply depended on a large supply of gold/silver b/c it gave a of gold/silver b/c it gave a country a favorable balance country a favorable balance of trade.of trade.

MercantilismMercantilism

Nations wanted a favorable Nations wanted a favorable balance of tradebalance of trade– Value of exported goods is greater Value of exported goods is greater

than the value of imported goodsthan the value of imported goods– Colonies become very Colonies become very

important!important!Sources of raw materials and Sources of raw materials and markets of parent country’s markets of parent country’s finished goodsfinished goods

The Slave TradeThe Slave Trade

Demand increased w/the European Demand increased w/the European voyages to the Americasvoyages to the Americas– Sugar cane plantations used slave labor Sugar cane plantations used slave labor

b/c disease had killed off the native b/c disease had killed off the native populationpopulation

Trading of slaves becomes a major Trading of slaves becomes a major export in the triangular trade (route)export in the triangular trade (route)

Triangular Trade Route

The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage

The journey to the Americas that was The journey to the Americas that was the middle leg of the triangular trade the middle leg of the triangular trade routeroute– 1616thth c. – 275,000 c. – 275,000– 1717thth c. – +1 million c. – +1 million– 1818thth c. - 6 million c. - 6 million– By the end of the slave trade (19By the end of the slave trade (19thth c.) c.)

over 10 million slaves were shipped over 10 million slaves were shipped from Africafrom Africa

The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage

Most slaves were war captivesMost slaves were war captives– Most were sold for gold, guns and other goodsMost were sold for gold, guns and other goods– Most Europeans never actually “captured” Most Europeans never actually “captured”

slaves b/c they believed it was too dangerous slaves b/c they believed it was too dangerous to go into the hinterland so, local traders to go into the hinterland so, local traders actually captured the slaves actually captured the slaves

Slave trade depopulated many African Slave trade depopulated many African communities – depriving them of their communities – depriving them of their youngest and strongest men and womenyoungest and strongest men and women