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F OUNE)F0 7862
AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING & AFFILIATED COMPANIES
SAFEHULL SYSTEM FOR BULK CARRIERS
GUIDE ON IMPROVEMENT FOR STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS AND SAMPLE STRUCTURAL DETAILS -SERVICE EXPERIENCE AND MODIFICATIONS FOR BULK CARRIERS
OCTOBER 1995
THE ABS SAFEHULL SYSTEM
SAFETY F SHIP STRUCTURES BY DYNAMIC BASED DESIGN AND EVALUATION
FOONDED 1862
AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING i AFFILIATED COMPANIES
Guide on Improvement for Structural Connections and Sample Structural Details — Service Experience and Modifications for Bulk Carriers
October 1995
American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by the Legislature of the State of New York 1862
Copyright 1995 American Bureau of Shipping Two World Trade Center, 106th Floor New York, NY 10048 U.S.A.
1.0 GENERAL
This Guide identifies the influential parameters and provides guidelines on improvement of
structural connections. It also provides for reference illustrations of local structural failures
experienced in some existing bulk carriers and the corrective measures as compiled by the 1ACS
and from the American Bureau of Shipping's data files.
For structural details similar to those in tankers, reference illustrations are to be found in the
"Guide on Improvement for Structural Connections and Sample Structural Details - Service
Experience and Modifications - for Tankers".
2.0 INFLUENTIAL PARAMETERS
For design of structural details, due consideration is to be given to the following influential
parameters.
2.1 Loading Patterns and Nominal Stresses
The load distribution among the connected structural members and the corresponding
nominal stresses at the location considered should be examined for the combined load
cases specified in 513A3.5.2. It is important to consider the combined effects of all the
simultaneously imposed load components, rather than only one selected dominating load
component. The stress distribution may be obtained from a 3D structural analysis as
specified in 5/3A5.3 or by other equivalent means.
2.2 Stress Concentration
Due to load transmission and diffusion at a structural joint, it is inevitable that some form of
stress concentration is going to occur in the loaded structure. Therefore, particular
attention should be paid to structural notches, abrupt changes in structural properties and
excessive distortions and deformations; such as locations at bracket toes, cut-outs,
terminations of heavily loaded members, connection of flexible elements with much stiffer
members, ends of unbalanced structural members, just to name a few. For ship structures
designed with relatively low working stresses and high safety margins, the detrimental
effects of such stress concentrations may not readily be apparent. On the other hand, for
structures designed with high working stresses and low safety margins, damaging effects of
such stress concentrations could appear sooner than the anticipated period of time.
Appropriate stress concentration factors (SCF's) obtained from either experimental data or
structural analyses are required to evaluate the design of structural details.
2.3 Weld Effects and Fatigue Strength
Another important factor to be considered is the effects of welding on the properties of
material (heating effects) and on structural continuity (profile of the weld deposit and under-
cuts). This factor which highly depends on the welding methods, processes and
workmanship is vital for assessing fatigue strength of the joint. To date, the welding effects
on fatigue strength are primarily determined by experimental data presented in the form of
S-N curves and characteristics of the test specimens, as shown in Appendix 5/3AA of the
Rules.
3.0 CONSIDERATIONS FOR DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL DETAILS
In light of the discussions given in 5/3A5.4, it is apparent that the necessary criterion for the
design of structural details is simply to offer a well balanced joint which is "compatible' with the
anticipated working stresses. To this end, the solution is to be tailored to a specific location of a
specific design. In addition, there is no unique solution to the problem. Many alternatives may
exist. The designers/builder would have to exercise their judgment based on their fabrication
facilities, techniques and experience. The information offered below is provided for reference.
3.1 Hold Frames and End Brackets
When selecting and sizing brackets connecting hold frames, due consideration should be
given to the load transmission and relative stiffness of the members to be connected. A
9
pattern of smooth load transmission is essential. The connecting bracket is to be of
sufficient size to withstand the highly concentrated loads and to relocate the critical spots
(bracket toes) to lower stressed regions. Sample illustrations are shown in Figures 1, 1a
and lb for damages experienced in existing bulk carriers with some recorded repairs.
3.2 Connection of Transverse Bulkhead Structures
To prevent local fractures and to minimize the magnifying effects of structural notches, and
misalignment/discontinufties consideration should be given to local reinforcements at the
critical areas. Sample illustrations are shown in Figures 2a thru 2f for local damages and
some recorded repairs.
3.3 Connection of Double Bottom Structures
Sample damaged structural details and connections are illustrated in Figures 3a thru 3h for
double bottom structures. Attention should be paid to the weld connections of the slope
longitudinal bulkhead and the inner bottom plating.
3.4 Connections of Lower Wing Tank Structures
Sample damages experienced in the existing bulk carriers are shown in Figures 4a and 4b.
3.6 Structures and Connections Within the Upper Wing Tanks
Sample fractures and buckling of the transverse webs and brackets are shown in Figures
5a thru 5d.
3.6 Deck Structures
Illustrations are given for cracks at hatch corners, buckling of the cross deck structures and
hatch coaming in Figures 6a thru 6d.
3.7 Forepeak Structures
Some structural damages are shown in Figures 7a and 7b for the supporting structures in
the forepeak region.
3.8 Transition Region in the Foremost Cargo Hold
Sample structural damages and repairs are shown in Figures 8a thru 8d for connections of
the panting stringers and hold frames.
Side Frame Structure
Typical Damages to Hold Frames
Side she
Separate Bracket
upside tank
S shei
id -
Integral
1r
--.
Side frame
Fractures
Bracket
Topside tank
Fracture
Side frame
Fracture
Hopper tank
Configuration
(b)
1
.
Hopper
(a)
t2f11<_,,--
\
Configuration
The type of bracket configuration used will to a large extent dictate the location and extend of fracture. Where separate brackets are employed, the fracture location is normally at the bracket toe position on the frames, whereas with integral brackets the fracture location is at the toe position on the hopper and topside tank.
Figure 1
4
Side Frame Structure
Detail of damage Fractures at bracket's toe position on the frame
Sketch of damage Sketch of repair
Topside tank
Side shell
Topside tank„,./
S, i / IL X
I 1 1 S ...
I i I
0.3x
Fractures Side
Modified brackets
shell M 0.3y A
A X
Y
N %
A AA A
A
A
1
AA
ti
R A 1 1.
A
S I' Hopper tank
S = Snaped end
X
1
1 1
HOP per \
tank
Separate Bracket Configuration
Figure lal
r
Sketch of damage
Detail of damage Fractures on brackets at termination of frame
Side shell
Separate Bracket Configuration
Sketch of repair
Side shell
S = Snaped end
Side Frame Structure
Figure 1a2
Side Frame Structure
Detail of damage Fractures and the Toe Position on the Side Tank Sloping Plating
Sketch of damage Sketch of repair
--.1 Topside tank Main
frame webs
Fracture
race plate
Fracturing of Detail As modified" Side Framing --...
View ")0(" i‘, i Hopper
plating
f I
1 in 3 min_ taper
Side frame 70 mmmin.
1.4t 0
+
Modified line of bracket 1_4t mm
1 in 3 ex "X"
Original Line 10 rnm
Hopper of bracket
Integral Bracket Configuration Weld throat . 0.44 x 1.4t
Figure 9b
Fractures on web of corrugation initiating at intersection of adjacent shedder plates Fractures initiating at
the comers of the shedder plate connections to the shelf plate and corrugations
Fractures initiating at connections to side shell
Shedder plate
Shelf plate
Fractures initiating at the weld of corrugations to shelf plate and /or stool sloping plating to shelf plate
Fractures initiating at the connections of the stool sloping plating to the inner bottom
Fractures initiating at connections of stool/hopper sloping plating
(Similar d ages may occur at the upper connections of the bulkhead to the deck structure)
Figure 2 Typical Fracturing at the Connection of Transverse Bulkhead Structure
8
Detail of damage Fractures at weld connections to stool shelf plate
Sketch of damage
Bulkhead corruption
Fracture Fillet weld
Sheff plate
Weld fracture
in weld
S te pla hedder
Stool sloped Fractures es plating
Shelf plate
Sketch of repair
Welded plate collar
New sloped plate insert of increased thickness
Vertical stiffener added where there is indication of buckling
Edges prepared and full penetration welded,
o/ New shelf plate insert
of increased thickness 11111•111•11111M11111111111.11.111.11111111
X = extent of collar depending on cracking direction
Transverse Bulkhead Structure
Figure 2a
Fractures at weld connections of stool plating and corrugation flange to the shelf plate
Detail of damage
Sketch of damage
Fillet weld
Bulkhead corrugation
Frac tur in weld
Fillet weld Fracture in
Shelf plate weld
Misalignment
Stool sloped Fractures es plating
Sketch of repair
Edges prepared and full penetration welded, using low hydrogen electrodes or equivalent
Structure to be released and misalignment rectified
Transverse Bulkhead Structure
Figure 2b
10
Transverse Bulkhead Structure
Detail of damage Fractures at the upper boundaries to topside tanks
Sketch Of damage Sketch of repair
Continuous or intercostal reinforcement in line with flanges or diaphragms where not already fitted
Adjacent to the topside tank either a diaphragm or a bulb plate stiffener may be incorporated
Fracture
Topside tank
I
I I
I
1111
. il
PIE'. i
1 i
Bulb plate
stiffener
I 1 1
I I
Diaphragm (similar diaphragms on the opposite side shown dotted)
Figure 2c
Fractures on the web of corrugation initiating at intersection of adjacent shedder plates
Detail of damage
Sketch of damage
Transverse bulkhead
Tank top/ inner bottom
Sketch of repair
Flat bar extension piece fitted at -----
corrugations with overlap connections
at ends Section NA-A"
Transverse Bulkhead Structure
Figure 2d
12
kee Doubt bottom
Double bottom
Fractures at welded connection of lower stool plating to tank top in way of duct keel
Detail of damage
Sketch of repair It may be necessary to crop and insert
k-Jr the tank topftnner bottom plating
Sketch of damage
Bulkhead stool
Insert plate of increased thickness and/or enhanced grade
Fracture Fractures Bulkhead stool Increased depth
of stiffener, to suit arrangement of
pipes in duct keel
ha. 111111111111111111111111111111•1111111111
Full penetration welds
Fillet weld of DB OT/WT girder to be made full
penetration over length of stool space
Section "B-B"
Figure 2e
13
Section -A-A"
Transverse Bulkhead Structure
Transverse Bulkhead Structure
Detail of damage Indentation and buckling of vertical corrugations
Sketch of damage
I
I
1
Shear
buckling
Bending
compressive
buckling
ter' 0..
Sketch of repair
-... ‘.77. e":\ -..—, ..,1"'
+- ... , , - i ..,..,.:,
Rating part renewed
I
or
I
r-L.;..:.(!-i--.-%
•
4.7'
,
1
IShedder
plate
t J
Shedder
plate
1
Shelf plate
Lower stool
Tank topfinner bottom
Shelf plate
Lower stool
Tank top/inner bottom
Figure 2f
1.4
Figure 3 Typical Fractures in the Connection of Hopper Plating and Tanktopiinner bottom
15
Double Bottom Structure
Detail of damage Fracture at weld connection of floors in way of hopper/ tank top interface
Sketch of damage
Fractures
A
Sketch of repair
Full penetration weld connection to the Hopper tanktop/ inner bottom 1 transve plating I web
Dc:ubbofloorttol4m r________"---
2 j 3
Collar
am1M111100. MOM=
VI
Double bottom floor ....
Hopper transverse
web Cutout enlarged to avoid plate area of high stress
1,2,3 represents sequence of welding Tank top/inner Side girder
View 'A-A'
Transverse fractures in hopper web plating and possibly extending into
the hopper sloping plating
oi■iimemile bottom plating Floor or
transverse web plating
Reinforcement
Edge chamfered for full penetration weld
Collar plate
a Insert plate
Tank top/inner • • • m .... .......".:.:,
Additional stiffener
B
Floor or
transverse web plating
Fractures in the floor/web of hopper transverse ring
Insert plate pr AW" . 771e I /
Additional ri, • stiffeners 4
i'l— st, gi
Section "B -B' -.
Figure 3a
16
Double Bottom Structure
Detail of damage Fracturing at weld connection of floors in way of hopper tank and tanktop/inner bottom interface
Sketch of damage A 44: / A
Fractures
Sketch of repair A
t
Double IN. bottom
floor
Collar
Section A -A weld inner
•
1%,
plate with full penetration connection to tanktop/ bottom, hopper plating,
/41 mi
Double bottom
floor
View Transverse fractures hopper web possibly extending
the hopper sloping
Hopper Transverse
web
"A-A' in
plating and into
plating
Floor for full penetration weld
Alternatively,
and bottom girder
Edge chamfered
Aeinforcernent A
Intermediate may stop at mat longttudinals -111 brackets fle where fitted between floors)
Floor or"
transverse web plating
Fractures in the floor/web of hopper transverse ring
Reinforoemen B
4. inner
View 'B - B'
bottom
Faceplate of transverse
Scarfing web brackets 3270n5
Figure 3b
17
Double Bottom Structure
Detail of damage Fractures at Weld Connections of Floors in Way of Tank Top/inner bottom and side girder in Way of Stool plates
Sketch of damage Sketch of repair
Sequence of welding is important
/
Staoi plate Stool plate 1
'A' View —.0.----
, 2 and 3 represent
CL. side
or girder
Collar plates CL
side
order of welding
or girder
Floor
View 'A'
Edge chamfered for full penetration weld
Side elevation
Figure 3c
Double Bottom Structure
Detail of damage Fracturing of bottom shell and tanktop/inner bottom longitudinals in way of tank top/in.ner bottom and bulkhead stool boundaries
Sketch of damage
Tank top/inner I bottom longitudinal A
Sketch of repair
"
\‘‘
amorror' ii...ir imealatursommor /11
1111111111111111111•11111111111111
Additional brackets with soft toes
—1 Fractures
41111111111111111111111111111
.-.
Figure 3d
19
Double Bottom Structure
Detail of damage Fracturing of Longitudinals in Way of Bilge Well
Sketch of damage
lic_
Tank top/Inner bottom
Sketch of repair
Alici Tank top/inner bottom
ic.-e=o-L. 1 '__..--.
e • .11 I 01 li: - iPSe, , ..,-.4.. ..,,* vIr
Tl 1 r Vir Additional brackets with
spoliL. soft toes
Fracture 1
1 visissa. 327.3, =dal
Fracture
Figure 3e
20
Double Bottom Structure
Detail of damage Fractures at welded boundaries of the floor stiffener (heel) to both bottom shell and tank top longitudinals
Sketch of damage
"1" to
Sketch of repair
Stiffener
Longitudinal
Bracket with soft toes fitted
(fillet welded)
Floor '
UM• itudinal
Stiffener
ngl.
It is recommended for the purpose in the stiffener
Bottom shell
that of fabrication is designed
-------.. ...---.
Stiffener
the cutout (rathole)
as shown
Fracture r ----Floor
Bottom shell
Note : same damage may occur at similar connections on tank top
Cutout
Figure 3f
21
Sketch of repair Sketch of damage
Detail of damage Fractures at welded boundaries (toe) of the floor stiffener to both bottom shell and inner bottom longitudinals
Fracture
Longl.
Stiffener
Lon• itudinal
Fracture ---- . Bottom shell
----Floor
Note : same damage may occur at similar connections to inner bottom
Repair (a)
Additional bracket with soft toes fitted (fillet welded)
Bottom shell Longl.
.....................----- ..... ,.x." Where required the longitudinal to be cropped
and part renewed
Notes on repairs
Repair (b), where the stiffeners are unconnected to the longitudinals and offset from theme is to be incorporated after approval by the classification Society concerned. Lugs and/or collars may be necessary at the cutouts in the floor for passage of longitudinals.
Double Bottom Structure
Figure 3g
22
Double Bottom Structure
Detail of damage Fractures and buckling in way of a cutout for the passage of a longitudinal through a transverse primary member
Sketch of damage
ft rl il
Floor
o
Sketch of repair
Repair
New floorplating of enhanced thickness
A
, x• i't.V.„,.•1-•?,:•'‘,.
**..,.
Lug introduced •,,.....wkri,4z
- • ."...m. ,, ra.,:.•:,-... , , " -.• ...„icz,... •,,
:•,.:77,-... .g Kr.44:44,--
'--:.• '''.--
t.:4‘,:7 :*,.. . Laic
-‘`.= •..... , • - , , -.1.4•=•1: lt - • 4 '..,
, .k.„ 1 V.% , ,
--',-r, -e-.--,' .
•-•*.' ,lar.
,-• ,zoa'--06i* •••,-.
Buckling and/or fracturing
\
•••,\
Long]. • "''''t g . -?°:. . ... -vs,
Repair B
..--
Full collar plate
1 t
t.".■ ....
Fracture
Note : same damage may occur at Similar connections on tank top
Figure 3h
23
Detail of damage Fracturing of hopper longitudinal at boundary with transverse web
Sketch of damage Sketch of repair
Bracket partly renewed to incorporate soft toe
/ Flange removed and stiffener added
Additional bracket
Hopper Tank Structure
Figure 4a
24
Hopper Tank Structure
Detail of damage Fractures at weld connection of the transverse brackets
Sketch of damage Sketch of repair
Fractures transverse
in the brackets Larger brackets
thickness inserted, for longitudinals closed or collar plates and
stiffening added
of increased
additional
cutouts by lugs
Note :
If the damage is caused by misalignment with the frame bracket above, the misalignment is to be rectified and the replacement by a bigger bracket incorporated only if felt necessary
Figure 4b
25
Structure Within Topside Tanks
Detail of damage Fractures around unstiffened L/H and M/H in wash bulkhead
Sketch of damage
Upper deck
Sketch of repair Repair (a)
it
thickness
(b)
Plate cropped and renewed with plating of enhanced and horizontal stiffeners
Repair
added
Fractures LJH and
around M/H
Topside
, r
(I)
tank sloping plating longitudinal
Deck longitudinal
Stiffener to longitudinals
Plate cropped out and renewed with plating of enhanced tiHand M/H may be replaced cut-out as shown and incorporating plate to form a transverse in accordance with the relevant Society Rules
thickness.
web
by a
with scantlings Classification
a face
Figure 5a
26
Structure Within Topside Tanks
Detail of damage Thinning and subsequent buckling of opening
of web plating in the vicinity of radii
Sketch of damage Sketch of repair
goi A It . Ili
4100#
111111* ilAreasIPP:40f excessive corrosion and probable subsequent buckling
min Imillit iarrmtusrsmr& I
o4tixtt
1.A441Pw
,ikt-V't
Additional stiffening added, both vertical and horizontal
NE IIIIII
lin 11111
0\
pris- w IIII
Okillit...... 11,
Figure Sb
27
Structure Within Topside Tanks
Detail of damage Fractures at slots in way of transverse webs
Sketch of damage
Upper deck plating
Sketch of repair
A
Lug to be fitted Upper deck 1
kb,..
1
) Fracture
Transverse web
----
■
Deck longitudinal (flat bar)
..--.., Fracture
\ Fracture
Stiffener
d
1 Stiff4ner
b...., \ NO
Web: partly renewed
A
View 'AA'
Stiffeners to be renewed
Lug or collar plate
Upper deck 1r
Stiffener renewed
Deck bngitudi .B.)
/ Face plate of transverse web
•"1/ Full collar plate where bottom of cutout 5 0.4d and in areas of high shear stress
Figure 5c
Larger brackets inserted, cutouts for longitudinals closed by
lugs or collar plates and additional stiffening added
Fractures in the transverse brackets
Sketch of repair Sketch of damage
Structure Within Topside Tanks
Figure 5d
29
Deck Structure
Detail of damage Fractures at the hatch corners
Sketch of damage Sketch of repair
insert plate of enhanced steel thickness
...p.-74:7- •:?...,;,..,..---,,,Kk Alb.
,......„ t
IRO Fracture at hatch corner
r 3 1 5r
I
I
11M14.
I
1 I
- I1
1111111 I 111111 1
I
Figure 6a
30
Deck Structure
Detail of damage Fracture of welded seam and probable plate buckling at cross deck
Sketch of damage Sketch of repair
_ 26mm
suitable thickness 18 -20 mm
case
AMA
Fracture at welded seam
!!.. \\.
Additional transverse stiffening if
is also evident
,
Buckling of the cross
deck
: . ,,•: - - :......, ..vm
:',-•-:-..--- ", -. ..- -....,„:m. ...,,..,=.:,:sirk .., .. .. ..... "1.4q-- &.:‘ .4/1 ....,244;:i:P
-I-- I -1- - -4-- I I I 12kun i 1
—1-
-1– 1 1 1 l 1 I I
Plate of intermediate
is inserted i.e. for this particular
buckling
12mm
Figure 6b
31
Deck Structure
Detail of damage Budding of the hatch coaming structure and the hatch end beam
Sketch of damage
C
Sketch of repair
Additional transverse stiffening
C
Additional Ii ....milegiummomornsime.
111111111111111N111111111
stiffener
Mai
Ha ch ,----- en
coam ngi Main 11111=11111111111111 111111111111111ErikiEW
. =vat
Modified hatch end beam
with face plate
deck (I-
Buckling =MI
Figure 6c
32
Deck Structure
Detn it of damage
,
Fractures in the web or at the toes of the longitudinal hatch coaming termination brackets
Sketch of damage Sketch of repair Symmetrical face bar
integral athwartship
Side CO= IN -Ilk\ k
gusset beacet
Repair
\„...---------------,,,,_,,,..
A stiffener normal
Additional
150
X Section X-X
upper deck if clear of the
stiffening member
MIL Deck plating 4,11por
Topside tank or Fractures hatch side girder
30
701,
15,4
4- , -- ;
--------
View AA
35
-.4....
Repair B
Figure 6d
33
Forepeak Structure
Detail of damage Fracture and buckle of bow transverse web in way of longitudinal cut-outs
Sketch of damage
top Peak
Sketch of repair
tank
II
--- --- ---
-
Fracture 415,.. 10.
Side shel
Localised buckling
,--- ,,v4v ‘,1 -4,,,,. ,,,„..
ISTVNt> WV, ̀k ,,,,- <„,..e......N,,.
N9VV;i■ 1,4 . \,. *
insert plate with additional
stiffening --
Transverse web frame
Figure 7a
14
Forepeak Structure
Detail of damage Fracture at toe of web frame bracket connection to stringer platform bracket
Sketch of damage
Fracture
Sketch of repair
taper of face to a
of 1:3
1s2°,
,..„,,d •-__.. 1111L1k
Modify ‘ fiat ending \ minimum
-,..
Shell insert insert plate of increased thickness
plating -
Web frame
Figure 7b
35
Transition Regions in Cargo Spaces, Fore and Aft
Detail of damage Fractures at the supporting brackets in way of the collision bulkhead, where side shell panting stringers fitted
Sketch
No
Stiffener
of damage
intapostai &tigers
Hold
1 Hold
panting
►
Frxtres
S
of stiffen
Fore peak tank
sPace
Sketch
---, S
of repair
S Mal-Tried bracket
\ \
oder
\ S
WA
ill Fcre
or space
•,11 f ...1
\ \ c --,,, ,
No
if Stever,-
1 Hold
C = Plate S = Snaped
frame
Fractre
end
\
I-10
Col5sicn bulkhead
-
Collision lxilkhead
Figure 8a
Transition Regions in Cargo Spaces, Fore and Aft
Detail of damage Fractures at the supporting brackets in way of the collision bulkhead, with no side shell panting stringers in hold
Sketch
Hold frame
No1
of damage
Hold
Stiffeners
S = Snaped
std
Fractue
exl
r.
Frxtures
:i ' .1 ....., ' \
\ '‘
Collision totikhead
of stiffener
ir
Sketch
Extension *toe
No
of repair
1 Hoid
Slifferer
S \ \ \ \
C = Plate
Modified brxket
\` \
S \
Colision bulkhead
cellar
.
Fore Peak tank
sPaPe
ra ril
IR NI tank
ril or
111 1 sPace
Figure 8b
37
Transition Regions in Cargo Spaces, Fore and Aft
Detail of damage Fractures at the supporting brackets in way of the collision bulkhead with no side shell panting stringers in hold.
Sketch of damage
Side Shellracture fracture
Topside tank
Hold frame
stringer in
Sketch of repair
UV
i 11 Vi ‘‘
Detail 'A' lk llik X li Hold
Ilk reinforced
■ ■ ■
X % ■ '■ ■ •
A
Ihill'i1/411110#400„"k'l 12.5Y
Fore Peak tank
Frame
Fore Peak tank
Stringer in
ur, mosKr Hold frames
Fore Peak Collision tank bulkhead
Hopper 50
_IL Hopper er 50 ank
View 'X - r
Figure 8c
38
Transition Regions In Cargo Spaces, Fore and Aft
Detail of damage Fractures in way of horizontal diaphragms in the connecting trunk between topside tank and hopper double bottom tank on after side of collision bulkhead in No I Hold.
Sketch
Diaphragms
of damage
Fractures
Collision Cc necting bulkhead trunk
i Side I shell
1 I
....1 ,
I
--... .... ..—.., . . .....0........, ".... ,
Topside tank Sketch of repair
I
Connecting Fractures trunk
in shell \X'
Cropped and part renewed or veed and ..xi welded as necessary
Horizontal diaphragms ■./
to be removed
Collisions bulkhead
ii...."
- - Collision
bulkhead
stringers/flats
pr Brackets with
Trunk
Of trunk
\X"
to align inboard side
\--."
41■46. 110' Hopper
tank
Fore
// Fractures
Trunk
Plan view of diaphragm
Pea tank
Figure 8d
39