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AFOLU SectorAFOLU Sector
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land UseAgriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
National GHG InventoryNational GHG Inventory
1
Waste SectorWaste Sector
1
Greenhouse Gas Information Center
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization)
Contents
• Overview and GHG emission sources
•Activity data
AFOLU & Waste
2
•Activity data
• Issues of GHG inventory preparation in Thailand
• Recommendation
Overview of AFOLU Sector
The main greenhouse gas emission sources/removals and
processes in managed ecosystems
33
Emission of AFOLU in Thailand
Categories by IPCC 1996
Emission in 2000 by Agriculture (Mt CO2eq, %)
4
Sources : 2nd National Communication
Emission of AFOLU in Thailand
Categories by IPCC 1996
Emission in 2000 by Landuse, Landuse change and Forestry (Mt CO2eq, %)
5
Sources : 2nd National Communication
Emission Trend in 2000-2004
Landuse, Landuse change and Forestry(LULUCF)
Agriculture
66
Total CO2 equivalent
(Gg)
Year
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Agriculture 51.88 54.64 51.42 56.07 55.00
LULUCF -7.90 -29.01 -24.54 -26.14 -28.50
2000 2001 2002 2003 20042000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Sources : 2nd National Communication
Sub-sector Categories GHG Type
1. LivestockEnteric Fermentation CH4
Manure Management CH4, N2O
2. Landuse and
Landuse change
Forest land
Cropland
Grassland
WetlandsCO2
Emission Sources: AFOLU
7
Landuse change Wetlands
Settlements
Other Land
3. Aggregate
Sources and Non-
CO2 Emissions
Sources on Land
Burning
Emission from managed soil
Rice cultivation
Harvested wood products
CO2
CH4, N2O
Subcategories Activity Data GHG
Enteric Fermentation Annual number of animal for each species (head) CH4
Manure ManagementAnnual number of animal for each species
/manure management system (head)CH4,
N2O
1. Livestock
Manure Management System
88The 4 sources of GHG emissions in a Dairy farm
Source : Danone
Source : Fonterra
Enteric Fermentation
2. LandThe emissions/removals of CO2 for the Landuse category are estimated based
on carbon stock changes in ecosystem by considering carbon cycle processes
between Five Carbon Pools. (1)Above-ground biomass (2)Below-ground biomass
(3)Dead wood (4)Litter (5)Solid
� Land remaining in the same landuse category
� Land converted to another landuse categoryTime 1
Methodology of landuse conversion
assessment by using geographical dataLanduse category
CO2
96. Other Land
1. Forest Land 2. Crop Land 3. Grassland
5. Wetlands4. Settlements
Time 2
1. Forest land Activity Data
1.1 Forest land Remaining Forest Land
Forest Land (ha)
Annual wood removal (m3 yr-1)
Annual fuel wood removal of whole trees (m3 yr-1)
Area affected by disturbances (ha yr-1)
Land area of drained organic soil (ha)
2. LandLanduse and Landuse Change -1-
10
Land area of drained organic soil (ha)
1.2 Land Converted to Forest Land Area of Land in each landuse categories converted to forest land
a Cropland Converted to Forest Land Annual wood removal (m3 yr-1)
Annual fuel wood removal of whole trees (m3 yr-1)
Area affected by disturbances (ha yr-1)
Area undergoing conversion for old to new landuse (ha)
Area of organic soils on converted land (ha)
b Grassland Converted to Forest Land
c Wetlands Converted to Forest Land
d Settlements Converted to Forest Land
e Other Land Converted to Forest Land
2. Cropland Activity Data
2.1 Cropland Remaining Cropland
Annual area of cropland with perennial woody biomass (ha)
Area in the last year of an inventory period (ha)
Area in the beginning of an inventory period (ha)
Land area of cultivated organic soil (ha)
2.2 Land Converted to Cropland Area of Land in each landuse categories converted to cropland
a Forest Land Converted to Cropland Area undergoing conversion for old to new landuse (ha)
2. LandLanduse and Landuse Change -2-
1111
a Forest Land Converted to Cropland Area undergoing conversion for old to new landuse (ha)
Area for landuse change by climate and soil combination (ha)
Land area of cultivated organic soil (ha)
b Grassland Converted to Cropland
c Wetlands Converted to Cropland
d Settlements Converted to Cropland
e Other Land Converted to Cropland
3. Grassland Activity Data
3.1 Grassland Remaining GrasslandArea in the last year of an inventory period (ha)
Area in the beginning of an inventory period (ha)
3.2 Land Converted to Grassland
Area of Land in each landuse categories converted to grassland (ha)
a Forest Land Converted to Grassland
b Cropland Converted to Grassland
c Wetlands Converted to Grassland
2. LandLanduse and Landuse Change -3-
12
c Wetlands Converted to Grassland
d Settlements Converted to Grassland
e Other Land Converted to Grassland
4. Wetlands Activity Data
4.1 Wetlands Remaining Wetlands
a Peatlands Remaining Peatlands Peatlands
b Flooded Land Remaining Flooded Land Flooded
4.2 Land Converted to Wetlands
a Land Converted for Peat Extraction Peatlands
b Land Converted to Flooded Land Flooded
5 Settlements Activity Data
5.1 Settlements Remaining Settlements Settlements Area
5.2 Land Converted to Settlements
Area of Land in each landuse categories
converted to Settlements
a Forest Land Converted to Settlements
b Cropland Converted to Settlements
c Grassland Converted to Settlements
d Wetlands Converted to Settlements
2. LandLanduse and Landuse Change -5-
13
d Wetlands Converted to Settlements
e Other Land Converted to Settlements
6 Other Land Activity Data
6.1 Other Land Remaining Other Land
Area of land in each landusecategories converted to
other Land(such as : mine, abandoned
mine, pit, salt flat, beach, garbage dump)
6.2 Land Converted to Other Land
a Forest Land Converted to Other Land
b Cropland Converted to Other Land
c Grassland Converted to Other Land
d Wetlands Converted to Other Land
e Settlements Converted to Other Land
3. Aggregate Sources and Non-CO2 Emissions Sources on Land
Synthetic N Fertillsers
Applied Organic N Fertillisers
Urine and Dung from Grazing Animals
Crop Residues
Schematic diagram illustrates the sources and pathways of N that result in direct and indirect N2O emissions
from soils and waters.
Schematic diagram illustrates the sources and pathways of N that result in direct and indirect N2O emissions
from soils and waters. 14
Reference : IPCC GPG 2003 for LULUCF
Mineralisation of Soil Organic Mater
Categories Activity Data
a Biomass Burning in Forest Lands Forest area burnt
b Biomass Burning in Croplands Croplands area burnt
c Biomass Burning in Grasslands Grasslands area burnt
d Biomass Burning in All Other Land Other Land area burnt
3. Aggregate Sources and Non-CO2 Emissions Sources on Land
1. GHG emissions from Biomass BurningCO2 , N2O
15
d Biomass Burning in All Other Land Other Land area burnt
Source : Image from Department of Agriculture
3. Aggregate Sources and Non-CO2 Emissions Sources on Land
Emission Sources Activity Data GHG
2. Liming Liming applied
3. Urea ApplicationAnnual amount of Urea Fertilization
(Tonnes urea /Yr-1)
4. Direct N2O Emissions from
Managed SoilsAnnual amount N applied to soils
5. Indirect N2O Emissions
from Managed Soils
Annual amount of synthetic fertilizer N applied to
soils
CO2
N2O
16
from Managed Soils soils
6. Indirect N2O Emissions
from Manure ManagementTotal nitrogen excretion for the MMS
Liquid manure applications Liming and Urea Fertillization manure exuded to soil
3.Aggregate Sources and Non-CO2 Emissions Sources on Land
7. Rice cultivation CH4
17
Irrigated continuously flooded
Irrigated, multiple aeration
Irrigated, single aeration
Rainfed, deep water (>100 cm)
Rainfed, deep water(50-100 cm)
Rainfed, drough prone
Rainfed, flood prone
Source : Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)
3. Aggregate Sources and Non-CO2 Emissions Sources on Land
8. Harvested wood Productions
•Natural Forest- illegal logging
• Plantation- Eucalyptus
- Rubber
- Teak …,etc.
How much volume per years ?
CO2
18
- Teak …,etc.
� About 4.1 % of Thailand national emission was contributed by waste sector.
� About 52 % of emission in waste sector came from solid waste disposal on
land and 48 % of emission came from wastewater handling.
Emission of Waste in Thailand
19
Sources : 2nd National Communication
Emission Trend in 2000-2004
20
Sources : 2nd National Communication
• Managed
• Unmanaged
• Uncategorised
Solid waste Solid waste DisposalDisposal
Biological Biological Treatment of Treatment of Solid WasteSolid Waste
• Composting• Anaerobic digestion at biogas facilities
CH4
CH4 , N2O
Emission Source -1-
21
• Incineration
• Open Burning
Solid WasteSolid Waste
• Domestic
• Industrial
Incineration & Incineration & Open Burning Open Burning of Wasteof Waste
Wastewater Wastewater Treatment and Treatment and DischargeDischarge
CH4 , CO2, N2O
CH4 , N2O
Emission Source -2-
LandfillLandfill
Waste Categories Open dumpOpen dump
LandfillLandfill Biological treatmentBiological treatmentCompostingComposting
IncinerationIncineration Wastewater treatmentWastewater treatment
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTEMUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
DisposalDisposal
23
Source: Thailand Environment Monitor 2003, World Bank
Activity DataCategory Activity Data
Solid Waste Disposal
Managed WDS (anaerobic/semi aerobic) Population
Unmanage WDS waste per capita
Uncategorised WDS Composition of waste
(WDS : Waste Disposal Site) Amount deposited
Biological Treatment of Solid waste
Composting Amount treated by biological
24
Composting Amount treated by biological treatment
Anaerobic digestion
Incineration and Open Burning of Waste
Waste IncinerationAmount of waste incineratedPopulationAmount of waste open-burned
Open Burning of Waste
Wastewater Treatment and Discharge
Domestic wastewater treatment and discharge PopulationBODProtein consumption
Industrial waste water treatment and discharge Industry productCOD
Issues of GHG Inventory Preparation � Data Source
- Statistic data of relevant department are not designed to GHG inventory, so some data
not tasks of them.
�Methodology and technique to collect data
- Prediction/Assumption/ Estimation/ Real measurement
� Duplication
- Same data are reported form several department such as forest area, amount of solid
waste .
2525
waste .
� Discontinuous data collection
- Example: Forest and land use assessment
� Difficult to collect data
- Example: Land area of drained organic soil , area affected by disturbances in forest area
� Lack of local specific emission factor- Forest : Rate of growth and carbon content for each forest type, Carbon composition in
soil
- Waste : BOD/COD of wastewater / MCF (Methane Collection Factor) of each
technology in Thailand
Recommendation� For policy makers
� Arrangement of relevant act or mandate
� Approval of relevant budget and resources for data collection and
development of statistics data
� For officials of relevant ministries
� Request for resources (finance, human, technology, etc.)
� Capacity building of relevant sector for GHG inventory (climate change,
2626
� Capacity building of relevant sector for GHG inventory (climate change,
calculation or statistics)
� Development of study for local specific data collection
ありがとうございましたありがとうございましたありがとうございましたありがとうございました
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Thank you very muchThank you very much
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