Californians Want to Fight Global WarmingMany people who live in California are very concerned about the earth. They are worried that the earth is warming too much. They believe that living things on the earth will be affected by the warming. Most Californian's think that the state should investigate the problem.A survey was taken in California. The questions that were asked were about global warming. The results of the survey were very interesting. They showed that most people in California are very concerned about global warming.The survey showed that over half of the people who live in California want the state to workon the global warming. Last year not as many people felt that way. eople think the problem is getting worse.Another poll showed that many people are not happy with the federal government. They donot like the way global warming is being handled. !nly a few people asked think that the federal government is doing a good "ob with this issue. !ne man said that Californians are feeling worse# not better. They are more concerned today than they ever have been about global warming. Many of them want the state of California to deal with the problem instead of waiting for the federal government to do something. The people do not want to wait. They want the state to start working on the problem immediately.Burning Wood Bad for the AirA panel of government officials is worried. The air quality in some areas is not good. The airis polluted with soot. The officials worry that the air is harmful to the people who breathe the air. They are e$perts. They study the environment. They discuss ways to stop the air pollution. The panel decided to make some changes to the law.The new plan places strict limits on how much soot can be released into the air. %ow# a measurement of &' parts of soot is considered safe. The new plan would reduce that number to (). The daily limit of pollution in the air would be cut in half. These new standards would affect industry. The limits would also affect people who own wood stoves and fireplaces. The county will keep track of the air quality every day. eople would be required to stop burning wood when the levels are high. They could also install a kind of special fireplace. These fireplaces burn very little wood. They do not pollute the air as much. *ome counties will punish families who violate the ban. They will have to pay a fine for not complying with the law. *ome states do not have much industry. Their pollution problem is not too bad. They wouldstill have to regulate how much pollution is released into the air. The e$perts hope that this ban will help keep the air cleaner. +efore the plan becomes a law the public will have a chance to comment on it. Citi,ens will have ninety days to ask questions and voice concerns about the plan. Then it will become a law.Smokers Have New Way to Quit.*moking is a very bad habit. -t can cause many diseases# such as cancer and high blood pressure# and many people want to quit. -t is not easy to quit smoking# however. Many people try to quit# but are not able to quit. They go right back to smoking cigarettes. They are addicted to smoking# but want help to quit. There is a new way to help people quit smoking. -t is based on an ancient Chinese method of treating pain. The method is called acupuncture. -t is done by sticking needles in special areas of the body. These needles trigger special chemicals to help the pain go away. A therapist is using acupuncture in a new way. *he is using lasers instead of needles. *he applies the lasers around the face and arms of people who want to quit smoking. The lasersdo not hurt. They release chemicals called endorphins. The chemicals help people resist theurge to smoke. !ne woman who had the laser acupuncture smoked for .' years. The lasers helped her to quit. *he did not feel like she had to smoke. *he believes in the treatment and says that it can work for others. *he says it helps to take the edge off her cravings. *he has not smoked for a long time. The therapists say that the laser treatment does not cure the patient. They must have some willpower. This treatment has been used for years in Canada and /urope. 0ntil now# the government did not approve of acupuncture. Many doctors think that it is a very e$citing way to treat smoking addiction. Alheimer!s "isease by#a$uel HunterWhat %s Alheimer!s&Al,heimer's is a progressive# degenerative disorder that affects the brain. -t damages the brain cells responsible for intellectual functioning in the brain# including memory# intelligence# "udgment# and speech. Al,heimers leads to the loss of mental and physicalfunctions.Al,heimer's is the most common cause ofdementia in older people. -t affects the parts of the brain that control thought# memory# and language. A small percentage Al,heimer's patients are under ') years of age. 1owever# most are over &' years of age. A rare and aggressive form of Al,heimer's can happen in some people in their .)sand ')s.!ver the course of years# as the disease progresses# individuals loose their ability to perform the basic tasks that are part of everyday life and usually end up requiring constant care and supervision.Sym'toms of Alheimer!sThe first noticeable symptoms of Al,heimer's are2 loss of memory# trouble performing tasks# poor "udgment# misplacing things# inability to think and understand and gradual changes in behavior.(emory loss 3 Memory loss is usually the first noticeable sign of Al,heimer's. Memoryloss starts slowly# but soon the episodes become more and more frequent. eople with Al,heimer's forget things very often. They have trouble remembering answers to questions they may have asked a short time earlier. This causes the person to ask the same question repeatedly.)rouble 'erforming familiar tasks 3 As the disease progresses# patients have trouble performing tasks that they have done for a lifetime. *imple# little everyday tasks that we perform without even thinking about may become ma"or obstacles for the Al,heimer's victim. *oor +udgment 3 4udgment becomes a problem as the disease develops. An e$ample of poor "udgment is2 The patient may wear clothing that is not suitable for the weather.(is'la,ing things 3 Al,heimer's patients may misplace things often. 5hen the items are found# they are usually in inappropriate places. 6or instance# food may be put in the clothes closet instead of the refrigerator."isorientation 3 eople suffering from Al,heimer's disease may be unable to tell you where they are# who they are or what they happen to be doing at that moment. They might even forget where live.What ,auses Alheimer!s&Al,heimer's is caused by a loss of brain cells# as well as changes in the ,erebral ,orte- 7the outer layer of the brain8. An accumulation of tangled fibers and9or plaquesforms around the nerves in the cerebral corte$. -t is unknown why the tangled fibers and plaques develop in the brain.:esearch shows that there may be different genetic and nongenetic causes. *ome genes cause the disease to appear early in life# while other genes predispose a person to the disease but require a trigger such as stroke# head trauma# or clogged arteries.Cure for Alheimer!s0nfortunately there is no cure for Al,heimer's. romising research continues to providehope to reduce the risk of developing al,heimers.*re'aring for Advan,ed Stages Alheimer!s "isease7A:A8 3 A diagnosis of Al,heimer's disease can be devastating to a patient# family and friends. 5hile there isn't a cure for this frightening disease# a patient can live an average of eight years after diagnosis 33 some as long as ;) years. 's#they would probably be too hot for home use. Also, carbonate ions from the electrolyte are used up in the reactions, making it necessary to in0ect carbon dio!ide to compensate.Phosphoric Acid fuel cells %-A>'( use phosphoric acid as the electrolyte. Efficiency ranges from =8 to @8 percent, and operating temperature is between 9:8&rawing of an alkali cell.&rawing of a molten carbonate cellto ;88 degrees ' %about (. E!isting phosphoric acid cells have outputs up to ;88 kW, and 99 3W units have been tested. -A>'s tolerate a carbon mono!ide concentration of about 9.: percent, which broadens the choice offuels they can use. )f gasoline is used, the sulfur must be removed. -latinum electrode5catalysts are needed, and internal parts must be able to withstand the corrosive acid.&rawing of how both phosphoric acid and -E3 fuelcells operate.Proton Exchange Membrane %-E3( fuel cells work with a polymer electrolyte in the form of a thin, permeable sheet. Efficiency is about =8 to :8 percent, and operating temperature is about @8 degrees ' %about 97: degrees >(. 'ell outputs generally range from :8 to ;:8 kW. The solid, fle!ible electrolyte will not leak or crack, and these cells operate at a low enough temperature to make them suitable for homes and cars. *ut their fuels must be purified, and a platinum catalyst is used on both sides of the membrane, raising costs.Solid Oxide fuel cells %,">'( use a hard, ceramic compound of metal %like calcium or /irconium( o!ides %chemically, ";( as electrolyte. Efficiency is about ?8 percent, and operating temperatures are about 9,888 degrees ' %about 9,@88 degrees>(. 'ells output is up to 988 kW. At such high temperatures a reformer is not reuired to e!tract hydrogen from the fuel, and waste heat can be recycled to make additional electricity. However, the high temperature limits &rawing of a solid o!ide cellapplications of ,">' units and they tend to be rather large. While solid electrolytescannot leak, they can crack.*tudents and *atellites7before ;))(8Read the story. Click the "LISTEN" button at the bottom of the page to hear the story. hen you are done! click the "NE"T" button.College students are making their own space satellites. !ne student holds a plastic satellite up above her head. *he tells everyone that it is ready go. -t goes into a garbage can. The can is shaken by the other students. This is to copy what it is like out in space. The can is then dropped to the floor. The students show that their small satellites can work. They are built strong enough to survive being in the garbage can. The teacher says that if the satellite is built right# it should not break apart. The students are learning that when you launch something into space# you can not go up and fi$ it. The students are learning how to build a good rocket to get their satellites to fly. The satellites must fly or the students do not get a good grade. They are learning how to use wood# foam# glue and computer parts to put together their satellites. Two years ago the students started to build a real satellite which they hope to send up in space. The student satellites will measure the /arth from space. The teacher says that new satellites will be smaller. They will be built faster and be cheaper to build.y Bob GranathNASA's Kennedy Space Center, Florida)n a presentation at the 6ennedy ,pace 'enter in >lorida, BA,A Administrator 'harlie *olden announced details of the "bama administration2s fiscal year ;89? agency budget proposal recently submitted to 'ongress.*olden emphasi/ed that the recommended increase of about a half5billion dollars over last year2s enacted budget would provide the necessary resources to continue advancing America2s bipartisan space e!ploration plans. The ongoing programs will ensure that the Anited ,tates remains the world2s leader in space e!plorationand discoveries benefiting all humankind.,peaking on >eb. ; in the high bay of 6ennedy2s Beil Armstrong "perations and 'heckout *uilding, *olden2s remarks served as a C,tate of BA,AD address. He focused on recent progress and the work ahead. The ;89? budget year begins "ct. 9, ;89:.+Today, -resident "bama is proposing an additional E9@.: billion for BA,A, building on the significant investments the administration has made in America2s space program over the past si! years,+ *olden said. +BA,A is firmly on a 0ourney to 3ars. 3ake no mistake, this 0ourney will help guide and define our generation.+With about ;88 space center employees as well as members of the news and social media present, *olden was 0oined by 6ennedy2s director, *ob 'abana. Also attending were representatives from 'ongress and BA,A industry partners. The backdrop for the presentation was the recently returned "rion spacecraft, flanked by *oeing2s ',T5988 and the ,paceF &ragon capsules being designed for the agency2s 'ommercial 'rew -rogram.*olden noted that the budget allows BA,A to continue development of the "rion crew vehicle, ,pace 1aunch ,ystem and E!ploration .round ,ystems that will one day send astronauts beyond low5Earth orbit.The ,pace 1aunch ,ystem %,1,( is a new heavy5lift rocket, more powerful than any previously built. ,1, will be capable of sending humans aboard "rion to deep5space destinations such as an asteroid and 3ars.&uring ;89=, BA,A continued several highly successful missions highlighted by the maiden flight of "rion. Thespacecraft completed its first voyage to space, traveling farther than any spacecraft designed for astronauts in more than =8 years.As referenced by -resident "bama in his Gan. ;8, ,tate of the Anion address, the &ec. :, ;89=, milestone wasnot only part of his goal to eventually send humans to the Hed -lanet, but one that supports research with far5reaching benefits.+) want Americans to win the race for the kinds of discoveries that unleash new 0obs . . . pushing out into the solar system not 0ust to visit, but to stay,+ the president said. +1ast month, we launched a new spacecraft as part of a re5energi/ed space program that will send American astronauts to 3ars.+*olden noted that the "rion flight test was a crucial initial step.+The "rion spacecraft that recently performed a near flawless flight test on its first 0ourney to space is being dismantled right now so it can reveal its secrets about that ama/ing flight,+ he said. +What we learn will prepareus for its ne!t launch aboard our ,pace 1aunch ,ystem rocket, and its future with astronauts aboard e!ploring farther into our solar system than ever before.+The 0ourney to 3ars remains a primary BA,A goal, designed to answer some of humanityIs fundamental uestions about life beyond Earth and what it can teach us about Earth2s past, present and future.Highlights of the past year included the 3ars Atmosphere and Jolatile Evolution, or 3AJEB, spacecraft arriving in orbit around the Hed -lanet, The *oeing 'ompany and ,paceF were selected as partners to provide transportation from A.,. soil to the )nternational ,pace ,tation as part of the 'ommercial 'rew -rogram and groundbreaking research continued aboard the ),,."bama also noted that the space station will continue to advance plans for e!ploration beyond Earth, e!panding scientific knowledge in space, along with physical and biological sciences.+)n two months, to prepare us for those missions %to 3ars and the solar system(, ,cott 6elly will begin a year5long stay in space. .ood luck, 'aptain55 and make sure to )nstagram it,+ the president said.This 3arch, 6elly, an American astronaut and a retired A.,. Bavy captain, along with Hussian cosmonaut 3ikhail 6ornienko, will launch to the ),, and become the first crewmembers to live and work aboard the orbiting laboratory for a 9;5month flight.,ince Bovember of ;888, space station crews have worked off the Earth, for the Earth. The ),, is a platform allowing scientists to identify and uantify risks to human health and performance, develop countermeasures, and test technologies that protect astronauts during e!tended missions.*olden noted that the budget proposal supports the administration2s commitment to serve as a catalyst for the growth of a vibrant American commercial space industry, including development of commercial crew transportation.+American companies are developing the new systems in which astronauts soon will travel from the Anited ,tates to low5Earth orbit,+ *olden said. +That 0ourney, indeed our entire path to the future, starts right here on Earth. "ur commercial crew work, for e!ample, is headuartered here at 6ennedy, but encompasses efforts in lorida spaceport with the goal of certifying safe, reliable and cost5effective access to and from low5Earth orbit and the )nternational ,pace ,tation by the end of ;897.&uring fiscal year ;89?, 6ennedy2s 1aunch ,ervices -rogram will support three planned BA,A payloads, as well as design services and integration support to over =8 BA,A sponsored missions in various stages of spacecraft development.>unding will continue plans for ;9st century space launch comple! moderni/ation and infrastructure upgrades for more cost5effective operations, serving multiple users.The improvements also will support .round ,ystems &evelopment and "perations moderni/ation of facilities such as the Jehicle Assembly *uilding, mobile launcher and crawler#transporter in support of "rion, the ,1, and Advanced E!ploration ,ystems.Ander Advanced E!ploration ,ystems, 6ennedy provides engineering services and support to the agency2s efforts, contributing to advanced technology for future robotic and human spaceflight missions beyond Earth.*olden noted that the ;89? budget will allow BA,A to continue developing and testing transformative capabilities and cutting5edge technologies crucial to future e!ploration initiatives. This includes accelerating development of a high5powered solar electric propulsion capability to drive the robotic segment of an asteroid retrieval mission and future e!ploration systems in deep space.1ooking further into the solar system and beyond, the BA,A budget also funds continued work toward a ;89@ launch of the Games Webb ,pace Telescope. Bamed for BA,A2s second administrator, it will be the largest observatory ever put in space. A successor to the Hubble ,pace Telescope, the new platform is designed to help answer uestions such as how the solar system originated and changed over time.BA,A science funding supports research in a wide variety of areas, facilitating collaboration with more than 98,888 A.,. scientists in universities, industry and government laboratories through over