TESTING APPLICATION STANDARD (TAS) 125-03 … APPLICATION STANDARD (TAS) 125-03 STANDARD REQUIREMENTS FOR METAL ROOFING SYSTEMS. of metal roofing systems for use ... with ASTM …

Scope:1.

1.1 This Protocol covers the testing require-ments for structural and non-structural(architectural) metal roofing systems andthe approval process for all systems,which have successfully met the testingcriteria.

1.2 All testing shall be conducted by a certi-fied testing agency and all test reports, in-cluding calculations, shall be signed andsealed by a Professional Engineer.

Referenced Documents:2.

2.1 The Florida Building Code, Building.

2.2 Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.

UL 580 Tests for Uplift Resistance ofRoof Assemblies

UL 1897 Standard for Roof CoveringSystems Annual Roofing Ma-terials and Systems Directory

2.3 Application Standards

TAS 201 Impact Test Procedures

TAS 100 Test Procedure for WindDriven Rain Resistance ofDiscontinuous Roof Systems

TAS 100A Test Procedure for Wind andWind Driven Rain Resis-tance and for Increased WindSpeed Resistance of SoffitVentilation Strip and Contin-uous or Intermittent Ventila-tion System Installed at theRidge Area

TAS 110 Testing Requirements forPhysical Properties of RoofMembranes, Insulation,Coatings and Other RoofingComponents

RAS 111 Standard Requirements forAttachment of PerimeterWood Blocking and MetalFlashings

RAS 113 Standard Requirements forJob Site Mixing of Roof TileMortar

2.4 ASTM Standards

D 1079 Standard Definitions and TermsRelating to Roofing, Water-proofing and Bituminous Mate-rials

E 1592 Structural Performance of SheetMetal Roof and Siding Systemsby Uniform Static Air PressureDifference.

E 380 Excerpts from Standard Practicefor Use of the International Sys-tem of Units (SI) (the Modern-ized Metric System)

2.5 Roof Consultants InstituteGlossary of Terms

Terminology & Units:3.

3.1 Definitions - For definitions of terms usedin this Protocol, refer to ASTM D 1079;and/or the RCI Glossary of Terms; and/orChapter 2 and Section 1513 of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building and/or T125-5.1and T125-5.2 herein. The definitionsfrom the Florida Building Code, Buildingshall take precedence.

3.2 Units—For conversion of U.S. customaryunits to SI units, refer to ASTM E 380.

Significance and Use:4.

4.1 The requirements outlined herein pro-vide:

1. A means of establishing the criteriafor water infiltration resistance; im-pact loading; and/or, uplift loading

2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE—TEST PROTOCOLS HVHZ (TAS) 125-03.1

TESTING APPLICATION STANDARD (TAS) 125-03

STANDARD REQUIREMENTS FOR METAL ROOFING SYSTEMS

of metal roofing systems for usewithin the High-Velocity HurricaneZone jurisdiction; and,

2. A guideline for metal roofing sys-tem manufacturers in order to ob-tain a roof system assembly ProductApproval.

Applicable Metal Roofing System Construc-tions

5.

5.1 Structural Metal Roofing Systems

5.1.1 Structural Metal Roofing System- Any metal roof system, which isdesigned to act as a water shed-ding and waterproofing layer andis capable of spanning supportjoists or purlins without additionalreinforcement or structural layers.No underlayment is included in astructural metal roofing system.

• Structural metal roof panelsshall be not less than 24 gage.

• Deflection of structural metalroof panels shall not exceedL/240.

• Minimum roof decking upliftloads shall comply withASTM E1592, as notedherein.

• The resistance to uplift pres-sure of structural metal roofpanels, as determined in com-pliance with ASTM E 1592,shall be subject to a margin ofsafety of 2.

• Metal roof decking shall bedesigned without an allow-able increase in stresses of 1/3

due to wind load.

• Structural metal roofing sys-tems shall be tested in compli-ance with the requirements setforth in T125-7 of this Proto-col as well as the physicalproperty requirements setforth in TAS 110.

5.2 Non-Structural (Architectural) MetalRoofing Systems

5.2.1 Non-Structural (Architectural)Metal Roofing System - Anymetal roof system which requiresthe support of an independentstructural roof deck. A non-struc-tural metal roofing system shallhave a water shedding layer me-chanically attached to the struc-tural roof deck.

• Testing for uplift resistancefor Non-Structural (Architec-tural) Metal Roof Assembliesshall be performed in accor-dance with UL 580 as modi-fied herein, and shall besubject to a margin of safetyof 2.

• The independent structuralroof deck over which anon-structural metal roofingsystem is to be installed shallbe in compliance with Chap-ter 22 (High-Velocity Hurri-cane Zones), for metal, orChapter 23 (High-VelocityHurricane Zones), for wood,of the Florida Building Code,Building.

• Wood decking, over which anon-structural metal roofingsystem is to be installed, shallbe not less than 15/32 in. thick.Minimum fastening for deck-ing shall be in accordancewith the Florida BuildingCode (High-Velocity Hurri-cane Zone).

• Non-structural metal roofingsystems shall be tested incompliance with the require-ments set forth in T125- 7 ofthis Protocol as well as thephysical proper ty re-quirements set forth in TAS110.

Precautions:6.

6.1 This Protocol may involve hazardous ma-terials, operations, and equipment. ThisProtocol does not purport to address all ofthe safety problems associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user toconsult and establish appropriate safetyand health practices and determine the ap-

(TAS) 125-03.2 2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE—TEST PROTOCOLS HVHZ

(TAS) No. 125-03

plicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.

Testing Requirements:7.

7.1 General—All structural and non-struc-tural metal roofing systems shall be sub-jected to the following testing unlessotherwise noted.

7.2 Physical Property Testing

7.2.1 All structural and non-structuralmetal roofing systems shall betested for the physical propertiesset forth in T125-20 of TAS 110.

7.3 Wind Driven Rain Testing

7.3.1 All structural and non-structuralmetal roofing systems shall betested for resistance to winddriven rain in compliance withTAS 100 for slopes 2:12 andgreater or TAS 114 Appendix G(FM 4471) for slope less than2:12.

7.3.1.1 For systems with a val-ley assembly, testing inaccordance with TAS100 shall be required inaddition to testing inaccordance with TAS114, Appendix G.

7.3.1.2 For system approvalsincluding horizontaljoints, a minimum oftwo horizontal jointsshall be incorporated inthe TAS 100 test andone horizontal joint inTAS 114 test of the testspecimens.

7.3.2 All ridge ventilation systems shallbe tested for resistance to winddriven rain in compliance withTAS 100(A).

7.4 Impact Testing

7.4.1 Structural Metal Roofing Systems

• All structural metal roofingsystems having a thickness

less than 22 gage shall betested for impact resistance incompliance with TAS 201, asamended below. Structuralmetal roofing systems havinga thickness greater than orequal to 22 gage shall be ex-empt from impact testing.

7.4.2 Non-Structural Metal RoofingSystems

• All non-structural metal roof-ing systems which are lessthan 26 gage in thickness shallbe tested for impact resistancein compliance with TAS 201,as amended below.

7.4.3 TAS 201 Amendments for MetalRoofing Systems

• Panel thickness, finish, fas-teners, sealing washers, andoverall design shall be in com-pliance with Section 2222.4(for structural) or Section2222.5 (for non-structural) ofthe Florida Building Code,Building.

• The metal roofing system testspecimen shall be constructedin compliance with the manu-facturer’s published installa-tion instructions and theminimum requirements setforth in Section 2222.4 (forstructural) or Section 2222.5(for non-structural) of theFlorida Building Code,Building. The requirementsfrom the Florida BuildingCode, Building shall take pre-cedence.

• Testing in compliance withTAS 203, as noted inT201-12.1 of TAS 201, is notrequired for either structuralor non-structural metal roof-ing systems.

7.5 Air Pressure/Resistance Testing forStructural Metal Roofing Systems

7.5.1 All structural metal roofing sys-tems shall be tested in compliancewith ASTM E 1592, as modifiedin T125-9 of this Protocol. Not


(TAS) No. 125-03

less than three (3) ASTM E 1592tests shall be conducted for eachmetal roofing system.

7.5.2 The average maximum positiveand negative pressures attainedduring the three (3) ASTM E 1592tests of a particular structuralmetal roofing system shall be in-cluded in the manufacturer’s RoofAssembly Product Approval forreference after a 2 to 1 margin ofsafety is applied.

7.6 Uplift Resistance Testing for Non-Struc-tural Metal Roofing Systems

7.6.1 All nonstructural metal roofingsystems shall be tested in compli-ance with UL 580, as modified inT125-8 of this Protocol. Not lessthan three (3) specimens shall beconducted for each metal roofingassembly.

7.6.2 A margin of safety of 2 to 1 shallbe applied to all uplift resistancetest results.

7.6.3 The maximum allowable designpressure for the two tested speci-mens representing a typical rooffield installation as specified inT125-7.6.3 shall be established byapplying a 2 to 1 margin of safetyto the average tested pressure ofthe specimens. The establishedmaximum allowable design pres-sure shall be listed in the Roof As-sembly Product Approval.

The maximum allowable designpressure for the third specimenrepresenting a typical roof cornercondit ion as specified inT125-7.6.3 shall be established byapplying a 2 to 1 margin of safetyto the tested pressure of the speci-men. The established maximumallowable design pressure shall belisted in the Roof Assembly Prod-uct Approval.

Extrapolation of either the fieldand/or corner maximum allow-able design pressures listed in theRoof Assembly Product Approvalshall not be permitted.

UL 580 (as modified for the Florida BuildingCode, Building):

8.

8.1 Scope

8.1.1 The test method specified in thisstandard is intended to determinethe average uplift resistance ofroof assemblies consisting of theroof deck and roof covering mate-rials. It is applicable to any type ofroof assembly which is adaptableto the test equipment. Tests toevaluate other potential hazards ofroof assemblies are not within thescope of these requirements.

8.1.2 The purpose of this test is to evalu-ate the comparative resistance ofroof assemblies to positive andnegative pressures. Not less thanthree (3) test specimens shall beconstructed and tested. Two testspecimens shall simulate rooffield installation conditions, andone test specimen shall simulateroof corner conditions.

8.1.3 The test evaluates the roof deck,its attachment to supports, androof covering materials, if used. Itdoes not evaluate roofs adjacent tochimneys, overhanging eaves, orthe like, connections of the assem-bly to main structural supports(girders, columns, or the like),structural integrity of secondarysupports (purlins, joists, bulb tees,or the like), or deterioration ofroofing materials.

8.2 General

8.2.1 If a value for measurement is fol-lowed by a value in other units inparentheses, the second valuemay be only approximate. Thefirst stated value is the require-ment.

8.2.2 Any undated reference to a codeof standard shall be interpreted asreferring to the latest edition ofthat code or standard.


(TAS) No. 125-03


(TAS) No. 125-03

FIGURE 8-1ASSEMBLED UPLIFT TEST APPARATUS FOR UL 580

1. Pressure Chamber2. Vacuum Chamber3. Test Frame4. Vacuum Blower5. Slide Damper-Automatic6. Slide Damper-Manual7. Starters for Vacuum and Pressure Blowers8. Pressure Manometers9. Pressure Recording Equipment10. Automatic Vacuum Controls

8.3 Test Apparatus

8.3.1 The test apparatus is to consist ofthree sections: a top section to cre-ate a uniform vacuum, a centersection in which the roof assem-bly is constructed, and a bottomsection to create a uniform posi-t ive pressure . See FigureT125-8-1. Each section is to besealed to maintain the specifiedpressures.

8.3.2 The inside dimensions of the testapparatus is to be a minimum of10 by 10 feet (3.05 by 3.05 m).

8.3.3 The test chamber is to be capableof applying steady positive pres-sures on the underside of the testassembly and both steady and os-cillating negative pressures, asspecified, upon the top surface.

8.3.4 Recording equipment is to be pro-vided to make a permanent recordof the pressure levels developed inthe test as a function of time.

8.3.5 T125-8.4 - T125-8.6 contain aspecification of the presently usedtest apparatus. Design modifica-tions may be made provided thatthe test results are equivalent tothe results obtained from the spec-ified apparatus.

8.4 Pressure Chamber

8.4.1 The pressure chamber is to beformed from C12 x 30 channelsand is to measure 10 by 10 feet(3.05 by 3.05 m) by 9 inches (229mm) deep. A 41/2 inch (114 mm)wide by 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) thicksteel plate is to be welded aroundthe top of the chamber.

8.4.2 The floor of the pressure chamberis to be fabricated from 1/8 inch(3.2 mm) thick sheet steel, weldedat the seams and supported by five3 by 8.5 inch (76 by 190 mm) steelshapes. The chamber is to be sup-ported by an MC8 x 20 channel ateach side and a W8 x 28 beam ateach corner.

8.4.3 Several windows constructed ofbreak-resistant glazing materialare to be installed in the chamberwalls to allow observation of theunderside of the test assembly.

8.4.4 Flood lights are to be mounted inthe chamber for illumination ofthe underside of the test assembly.

8.4.5 Air is to be admitted into thechamber through a 6 by 6 inch(152 by 152 mm) opening cut intothe bottom of the chamber.

8.4.6 A steel baffle is to be placed overthe air inlet opening for even dis-tribution of air pressure. The baf-fle consists of two vanes with thelower vane measuring 22 by 22inches (559 by 559 mm) and theupper vane measuring 16 by 16inches (406 by 406 mm). Thevanes are set at an angle of 30°

from the horizontal.

8.4.7 Air to be provided by a blower at-tached to a 3 horsepower (2.2 kWoutput) electric motor that is capa-ble of delivering 862 cubic feet(24.4 m3) of air per minute at astatic pressure of 24 inches (610mm) of water.

8.4.8 The pressure blower starter con-trols are to be located on the sideof the chamber for ease of accessand rapid shut down.

8.4.9 The inlet pressure is to be con-trolled at the blower by a manuallyoperated steel damper measuring2 by 8 inches (51 by 457 mm)which is mounted in a sheet steelcollar. The chamber pressure is tobe controlled by an automatic re-lief damper measuring 43/4 by113/4 inches (121 by 298 mm) lo-cated on the bottom of the cham-ber. The automatic damper is to becontrolled by means of an adjust-able weight system.

8.4.10 The air pressure is to be measuredat five points by means of 1/4 inch(6.4 mm) outside diameter coppertubing extending from the floorinto the chamber at an angle of 45°


(TAS) No. 125-03

from the floor. Each of four tubesis to be diagonally located 42inches (1067 mm) from a cornerof the chamber. A fifth tube is tobe located 18 inches (457 mm)from the center of the air inletopening. The end of each tube is tobe 7 inches (178 mm) above thechamber floor. The tubes are to beconnected through 1/4 inch valvesinto a manifold that, in turn, is tobe connected to a manometer hav-ing a range of 0 - 25 inches of wa-ter (0 - 6221 Pa), graduated into0.10 inch (24.9 Pa) increments.

8.5 Vacuum Chamber

8.5.1 The vacuum chamber is to beformed from C12 x 30 channelsand is to measure 10 by 10 feet(3.05 by 3.05 m) by 12 inches(305 mm) high at the base. A 41/2

inch (114 mm) wide by 1/4 inch(6.4 mm) thick steel plate is to bewelded to the bottom of the chan-nels. A reinforced hood, con-structed from 0.105 inch (2.66mm) thick steel with 21/2 by 21/2 by1/2 inch (64 by 64 by 12.7 mm) an-gles at the corners and 21/2 by 2 3/4

inch (64 by 70 mm) T125-s at thecenter, is to be mounted on thebase.

8.5.2 Several windows constructed ofbreak-resistant glazing materialare to be installed in the test cham-ber base to allow observation ofthe upper face of the test assem-bly.

8.5.3 The hood is to have a 30° slopefrom the horizontal at each sideand is to have observation win-dows constructed of break-resis-tant glazing material in each wall.

8.5.4 The hood is to be terminated in a24 by 24 inch (610 by 610 mm)metal platform constructed from1/8 inch (3.2 mm) thick steel plate.A 7 inch (178 mm) diameter open-ing is to be cut into the plate for theblower.

8.5.5 Negative pressure is to be pro-vided by a blower and 3 horse-

power (2.2 kW output) motor,which are to be mounted on top ofthe chamber with their shafts in avertical position. The combina-tion is to be capable of delivering862 cubic feet (24.4 m3) of air perminute at a static pressure of 11inches (300 mm) of water.

8.5.6 The vacuum blower starter con-trols are to be located on a plat-form welded to the top of thehood.

8.5.7 The pressure in the vacuum cham-ber is to be controlled by an auto-matic damper measuring 18 by21/4 inches (457 by 57 mm). Thedamper door is to be moved bymeans of an air motor hooked toan air line and controlled by pres-sure switches located in a controlconsole.

8.5.8 An additional manually con-trolled sliding damper is to be lo-cated on the sloped wall of thechamber. It is to be constructed of1/8 inch (3.2 mm) thick steel plateand a screw gear which opens orcloses the damper by turning. Thedamper is to measure 6 by 18inches (152 by 457 mm).

8.5.9 Sheet metal baffles are to be lo-cated on the underside of thedamper to prevent direct air flowonto the test assembly.

8.5.10 The air pressure to be measured atfive points by means of 1/4 inch(6.4 mm) outside diameter coppertubing extending from the floorinto the chamber at an angle of 45°

to the floor. Each of four tubes isto be diagonally located 18 inches(457 mm) from a corner of thechamber. The ends of these fourtubes are to be 8 inches (203 mm)above the chamber floor. The fifthtube is to enter the chamber at apoint 12 inches (305 mm) fromthe center of the exhaust opening,and its end is to be 6 inches (152mm) below the opening. Thetubes all are to be connectedthrough 1/4 inch valves into a man-ifold that, in turn, is to be con-


(TAS) No. 125-03

nected to a manometer having arange of 0 -12 inches of water (0 -2988 Pa) graduated into 0.10 inch(24.9 Pa) increments.

8.5.11 An additional 1/4 inch (6.4 mm)outside diameter copper tube is tobe connected from the manifold toan exterior junction for use of thepressure switches which controlthe automatic damper.

8.5.12 Flood lights are to be mounted inthe chamber for illumination ofthe top surface of the test assem-bly.

8.5.13 Lifting hooks fabricated from 5/8

inch (15 mm) diameter steel rodare to be welded at each corner ofthe hood.

8.6 Test Frame

8.6.1 The test frame is to be fabricatedfrom C15 x 33.9 steel channelsand measures 10 by 10 feet (3.05by 3.05 m) by 15 inches (381 mm)deep. A 41/2 inch (114 mm) wide

by 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) thick steelplate is to be welded to the top andbottom of the channels at all foursides.

8.6.2 Machine nuts used for attachingassembly supports to the testframe are to be welded to all foursides of the test frame. The nutsare to be located 36 inches (914mm) on center, beginning 18inches (457 mm) from the framecenter lines. Each line includes six5/8 inch (15 mm) diameter nutsspaced 2 inches (51 mm) apart.

8.6.3 A rubber gasket is to be cementedto the top flange of the test frame.

8.6.4 Lifting hooks fabricated from 5/8

inch (15 mm) diameter steel rodsare to be welded to each corner ofthe test frame.

8.7 Test Procedure

8.7.1 The test assembly shall be sub-jected to positive and negativepressures at the values and time


(TAS) No. 125-03

TABLE T125-1TEST PRESSURES

TEST PHASETIME DURATION

(MINUTES)

NEGATIVE PRESSURE POSITIVE PRESSURE

psf (kPa)INCHES (mm)

OF WATER psf (kPa)INCHES (mm)

OF WATER

Class 30 (not an obtainable rating)

123

45

5560

55

16.2 (0.79)16.2 (0.79)8.1- 27.7

(0.39-1.33)24.2 (1.16)24.2 (1.16)

3.1 (79)3.1 (79)1.5-5.3

(38-135)4.7 (119)4.7 (119)

0.0 (0.00)13.8 (0.66)13.8 (0.66)

0.0 (0.00)20.8 (1.00)

0.0 (0)2.7 (69)2.7 (69)

0.0 (0)4.0 (102)

Class 60 (not an obtainable rating)

123

45

5560

55

32.3 (1.55)32.3 (1.55)16.2- 55.4a

(0.79-2.66)40.4 (1.94)40.4 (1.94)

6.2 (157)6.2 (157)3.1-10.7(79-272)7.8 (198)7.8 (198)

0.0 (0.00)27.7 (1.33)27.7 (1.33)

0.0 (0.00)34.6 (1.66)

0.0 (0)5.3 (135)5.3 (135)

0.0 (0)6.7 (170)

Class 90 (maximum combined uplift pressure of 105 psf)

123

45

5560

55

48.5 (2.33)48.5 (2.33)24.2- 48.5a

(1.16-2.33)56.5 (2.71)56.5 (2.71)

9.3 (236)9.3 (236)4.7-9.3

(119-236)10.9 (277)10.9 (277)

0.0 (0.00)41.5 (1.99)41.5 (1.99)

0.0 (0.00)48.5 (2.33)

0.0 (0)8.0 (203)8.0 (203)

0.0 (0)9.3 (236)

a Oscillation frequency as specified in T125-8.7.1.

duration specified in TableT125-1. Negative pressure is to beapplied to the top surface of the as-sembly and positive pressure is tobe applied to the bottom surface.During Phase 3 of the test, the os-cillation frequency is to be 10 +/-2seconds per cycle.

8.7.2 For a Class 90 (105 psf) rating thetest pressure shall not exceed thespecified values by more than0.31 inches of water (77.2 Pa) forany test phase, the average pres-sure is not to vary by more than0.25 inch of water (62.2 Pa) fromthe specified values.

8.7.3 Upon completion of each 60-min-ute oscillation phase and at theconclusion of each class level, theassembly is to be examined andobservations recorded.

8.7.4 Subsequent to the completion ofPhase 5 of the Class 90 test se-quence, the test specimen may besubjected to additional static up-lift pressures. Continuation of thetest to increased pressure levels isthe option of the manufacturer.

8.7.4.1 The positive pressuresupplied from belowshall be maintained at48.5 psf (9.3 kPa).

8.7.4.2 The negative upliftpressure shall be sup-plied from above. Theinitial negative staticuplift pressure shall be63.5 psf. Subsequentpressure intervals shallincrease in incrementsof 15 psf, with eachpressure level held forone minute, until fail-ure or until the desireduplift pressure is at-tained.

8.7.5 Vertical movement of the assem-bly during the tests is to be re-corded.

8.7.6 Repairs or modifications, exceptto stop air leakage along the pe-riphery, are not to be made to theassembly during the test.

8.8 Test Assembly Construction Features

8.8.1 The test assembly is to be repre-sentative of the construction forwhich classification is desired asto materials, workmanship, anddetails such as dimensions ofparts, and shall be built under con-ditions representative of those inbuilding construction. Propertiesof the materials and ingredientsused in the test assembly togetherwith their location and method ofattachment are to be determinedand recorded.

8.8.2 For non-structural metal roofingassemblies installed over wooddecks, plywood shall be APA42/20 span rated sheathing of aminimum thickness of 15/32 in.Ends shall be butted, not blocked.All butt and side joints shall be leftun-sealed, positive pressure shallfreely flow through the deck. Min-imum deck attachment shall be incompliance with the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

8.8.3 The dimensions of the test assem-bly are to be a minimum of 10 by10 feet (3.05 by 3.05 m). The testassembly shall contain side andend joints if such occur in field in-stallation. The test assembly shallconsist of secondary bearingmembers, such as purlins andjoists, to which the roof decking isfastened or on which insulationand roof coverings are applied.

8.8.4 The assembly components, in-cluding secondary members, areto be located to best represent fieldinstallations within the restraintsprovided by the test frame.

8.8.5 The periphery of the test assemblyis to be sealed to prevent passageof air under pressure.


(TAS) No. 125-03

8.8.6 The test assembly is to be cured atroom temperature for a period un-til representative field strength,humidity, and temperature areachieved.

8.8.7 Not less than three test specimensas described above shall be con-structed and tested.

8.8.8 Proper Use of Film and Air Bags

8.8.8.1 Where plastic film isused to seal joints to al-low pressurization ofthe interior or under-side surface of the roofspecimen it shall con-tact all surfaces of thepanel and shall not in-terfere with the air pas-sage to the specimen orthe movement of adja-cent parts. Film shallnot bridge or otherwiseblock the gap at thebase of a standingseam, as in FigureT125-9-3. Such bridg-ing or blocking pre-vents lateral movementand proper pressuriza-tion of the specimenand yields non-conser-vative results whetherit be a flat film sealed atthe edges or an air bag.

• L o n g i t u d i n a lpleats that fit upinto the rib onboth sides of aclip, as in FigureT125-9-4 herein,ensure full con-tact and eliminaterestraint.

• Multiple longitu-dinal air bagswider than thepanel module, asin FigureT125-9-5 herein,provide the sameeffect without theneed to perforatethe air bag withthe anchor fas-

tener. Where ei-ther of these in-terferes withproper clip en-gagement , a l lseals must be lim-ited to the perim-eter of the testspecimen.

• M u l t i p l ecrosswise airbags, as in FigureT125-9-6 herein,do not make fullcontact and willhamper panel dis-tortion. Plasticfilm must alwayslie between thepanel and thecrosswise sup-port structure toprovide continu-ous longitudinalcontact. Othermethods of seal-ing that demon-strate equivalentdistortion as airpressure are ac-ceptable.

8.9 Classifications

8.9.1 A Class 90 uplift classificationshall be obtainable, having a max-imum combined positive and neg-ative pressure of 105 psf.

8.9.2 To obtain a Class 90 rating, thesample shall be subjected to theClass 30 and Class 60 tests, in thatorder, prior to the Class 90 test.

8.9.3 To obtain an increased maximumuplift resistance, the sample shallbe subjected to the Class 30, Class60 and Class 90 tests, in that order,prior to the static test.

8.9.4 The test assembly shall retain itsstructural integrity during or fol-lowing the test without evidenceof permanent damage. The fol-lowing are examples of perma-nent damage.


(TAS) No. 125-03

• Buckling of rolled membersthat results in permanent lossof stiffness as determined byseparate load tests comparingbuckled and unbuckled mem-bers.

• Separation of components orpermanent distortion that in-terferes with the function ofthe system or inability to carryadditional load.

• Sidejoint disengagement.

• Failure of one or more fasten-ers of any type.

• Any permanent deformationof nonstructural roof systemsexceeding 1.00 inch in diame-ter.

8.10 Interpretation of Results

8.10.1 The maximum allowable designpressure for the two tested speci-mens representing a typical rooffield installation as specified inT125-7.6.3 shall be established byapplying a 2 to 1 margin of safetyto the average tested pressure ofthe specimens. The establishedmaximum allowable design pres-sure shall be listed in the Roof As-sembly Product Approval.

The maximum allowable designpressure for the third specimenrepresenting a typical roof cornercondit ion as specified inT125-7.6.3 shall be established byapplying a 2 to 1 margin of safetyto the tested pressure of the speci-men. The established maximumallowable design pressure shall belisted in the Roof Assembly Prod-uct Approval.

Extrapolation of either the fieldand/or corner maximum allow-able design pressures listed in theRoof Assembly Product Approvalshall not be permitted.

ASTM E 1592:9.

9.1 Scope

9.1.1 This test method covers the evalu-ation of the structural perfor-mance of sheet metal panels andanchor-to-panel attachments forroof or siding systems under uni-form static air pressure differ-ences using a test chamber orsupport surface.

9.1.2 This test method is applicable tostanding seam, trapezoidal,ribbed, or corrugated metal panelsin the range of thickness from0.012 in. to 0.050 in. (0.3 to 1.3mm) and applies to the evaluationof single-skin construction or onelayer of multiple-skin construc-tion. It does not cover require-ments for the evaluation ofcomposite or multiple-layer con-struction.

9.1.3 Proper use of this test method re-quires knowledge of the princi-ples of pressure and deflectionmeasurement.

9.1.4 This test method describes op-tional apparatus and proceduresfor use in evaluating the structuralperformance of a given system fora range of support spacings or forconfirming the structural perfor-mance of a specific installation.

9.1.5 The values stated in inch-poundunits are to be regarded as thestandard. The metric equivalentsof inch-pound units are approxi-mate.

9.1.6 This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user ofthis standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.For specific precautionary state-ments, see T125-9.7.

9.1.7 The text of this standard refer-ences notes exclusive of thosefrom tables and figures. Thesenotes and footnotes provide ex-planatory material and shall not be


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considered as requirements of thestandard.

9.1.8 Not less than three (3) identicaltest specimens shall be con-structed and tested.

9.2 Reference Documents

9.2.1 ASTM Standards:

A) 370 Test Methods and Defi-nitions for MechanicalTesting of Steel Products.

B) 557 Method of TensionTesting Wrought and CastAluminum and Magne-sium-Alloy Products

9.2.2 Aluminum Association Standard:Aluminum Formed-Sheet Build-ing Sheathing Design Guide, Ap-pendix B of specifications forAluminum Structures, 1986 Edi-tion

9.2.3 AISI Standards:

Load and Resistance Factor Spec-ification for Cold-Formed SteelStructural Members, 1991 EditionSpecification for the Design ofCold- Formed Steel StructuralMembers, 1996 Edition with the1999 Addendum, Part I of theCold Form Steel Design Manual

9.2.4 American Society of Civil Engi-neers: ASCE 7 Minimum DesignLoads for Buildings and OtherStructures. (Formerly ANSIA58.1)

9.3 Terminology - Descriptions of TermsSpecific to This Standard.

9.3.1 Anchor, n - a fastener, bolt, screw,or formed device such as a clipthat connects panels to the supportstructure.

9.3.2 Anchor Failure, n - any failure atthe anchor device, including sepa-ration of the device from the

panel, of the device itself, or of theconnection to the structural sup-port.

9.3.3 Crosswise Restraint, n - any at-tachment in the flat of a panel be-tween structural elements thatcontrols or limits pan distortionunder pressure.

9.3.4 Failure, n - separation of compo-nents or permanent distortion thatinterferes with the function of thesystem or inability to carry addi-tional load.

9.3.5 Interior Support, n - any supportother than those at either extremein a series of supports for a contin-uous panel.

9.3.6 Pan Distortion, n - displacementunder load of normally flat por-tions of a panel profile as mea-sured normal to the plane of theroof or wall surface.

9.3.7 Panel Deflection, n - displacementunder load measured normal tothe plane of the roof or wall sur-face of a longitudinal structural el-ement as measured from a straightline between structural supports.

9.3.8 Permanent Deformation, n - thepermanent displacement in anydirection from an original posi-tion that remains after an appliedload has been removed.

9.3.9 Reference Zero Load, n - nominalpressure applied to a specimen toprovide a reference position freeof variations from internalstresses or friction within the sys-tem assembly.

9.3.10 Rib Spread, n - panel distortionunder load at the base of a rib orstanding seam as measured cross-wise to the rib in the plane of theroof or wall surface.

9.3.11 Span Length, n - the cen-ter-to-center distance between an-chors or supports measured


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parallel to the longitudinal axis ofthe panel.

9.3.12 Specimen, n - the entire assem-bled unit submitted for testing, asdescribed in T125-9.8.

9.3.13 Specimen Length, n - the distancefrom center to center of the endsupports; the sum of individualspan lengths.

9.3.14 Structural Element, n - the widthof a panel profile as measured be-tween center lines of repeatinglongitudinal stiffeners for contin-uously supported panels in a posi-tive load test or the width betweenanchor attachments to repeatingstiffener elements in a negativeload test.

9.3.15 Test Load, n - the difference instatic air pressure (positive or neg-ative) between the inside and out-side face of the specimen,expressed in pounds-force persquare foot (lbf/ft2) or pascals(Pa).

9.3.16 Test Panel Length, n - specimenlength plus overhangs.

9.3.17 Ultimate Load, n - the differencein static air pressure (positive ornegative) at which failure of thespecimen occurs, expressed inpounds-force per square foot(lbf/ft2) or pascals (Pa).

9.3.18 Unlatching Failure, n - disengage-ment of a panel seams or anchorsthat occurs in an unloaded assem-bly due to permanent set or distor-t ion that occurred under aprevious load condition.

9.3.19 Yield Load, n - that pressure atwhich deflection increases are nolonger proportional to the increas-ing pressure. Yielding is not fail-ure.

9.3.20 Zero Load, n - the absence of airpressure difference across thespecimen.

9.4 Summary of Test Method

9.4.1 This test method consists of thefollowing: (1) sealing the testspecimen into or against one faceof a test chamber; (2) supplyingair to, or exhausting air from, thechamber at the rate required tomaintain the test pressure differ-ence across the specimen; and, (3)observing, measuring, and re-cording the deflection, deforma-tions, and nature of any failures ofprincipal or critical elements ofthe panel profile or members ofthe anchor system.

9.4.2 The increments of load applica-tion shall be chosen such that asufficient number of readings willbe obtained to determine the loaddeformation curve of the system.

9.4.3 End and edge restraint shall berepresentative of field conditions,and the unit shall contain suffi-cient individual components tominimize the effect of variationsin material and workmanship.

9.5 Significance and Use

9.5.1 This test method provides a stan-dard procedure to evaluate or con-firm structural performance underuniform static air pressure differ-ence. This procedure is intendedto represent the effects of uniformloads on exterior building surfaceelements.

9.5.2 It is also permissible to developdata for load-span tables by inter-polating between the test results atdifferent spans

NOTE 1: When applying theresults of tests to de-termine allowable de-s ign loads byapplication of a factorof safety, bear inmind that the perfor-mance of a wall or aroof and its compo-nents, or both, can bea function of fabrica-tion, installation, andadjustment . Thespecimen must repre-


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sent the actual struc-ture closely. In ser-vice, the performancecan also depend onthe rigidity of sup-porting constructionand on the resistanceof components to de-terioration by variouscauses, to vibration,to thermal expansionand contraction, etc.

9.6 Apparatus

9.6.1 The description of apparatus isgeneral in nature; any equipmentcapable of performing the testprocedure within the allowabletolerances is permitted. Majorcomponents are shown in FigureT125-9-1, herein.

9.6.2 Test Chamber - a test chamber, airbag, or box with an opening, a re-movable mounting panel, or oneopen surface in which or againstwhich the specimen is installed.Provide at least two static pressuretaps located at diagonally oppo-site corners to measure the cham-ber pressure such that the readingis unaffected by the velocity of theair supply to or from the chamberor any other air movement. The airsupply opening into the chambershall be arranged so that the airdoes not impinge directly on thetest specimen with any significantvelocity. A means of access intothe chamber to facilitate adjust-ments and observations after thespecimen has been installed is op-tional.

NOTE 2: The test chamber or thespecimen mountingframe, or both, must notdeflect under the testload in such a mannerthat the performance ofthe specimen will be af-fected. In general, selectanchor support mem-bers sufficiently rigidthat deflection under thetest load will be negligi-ble.

9.6.3 Air System-a compressed air sup-ply, exhaust system, or controlla-ble blower is to be provided todevelop the required air pressuredifference across the specimen.The system shall maintain an es-sentially constant air pressure dif-ference for the required testperiod.

NOTE 3: It is convenient to usea reversible blower orseparate pressure andexhaust systems toprovide the requiredair pressure differ-ence so that differenttest specimens can betested for the effect ofpositive pressure orthe effect of suction(negative pressure)without reversing theposition of the testspecimen. The use ofthe same specimenfor both positive andnegative testing isoutside the scope ofthis test method. If anadequate air supply isavailable, a com-pletely airtight sealneed not be providedaround the perimeterof the test specimenand the mountingpanel, although it ispreferable. However,substantial air leak-age will require an airsupply of muchgreater capacity tomaintain the requiredpressure differences.

9.6.4 Pressure-measuring Apparatus -the devices to measure the testpressure difference shall operatewithin a tolerance of +/-2% of thedesign pressure, or within 0.1 in.(0.52 psf or 25 pa) of water pres-sure and be located as described inT125-9.6.1.

9.6.5 Deflection and Distortion Mea-surement Precision:


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9.6.5.1 The means of measur-ing deflect ions ofstructural ribs betweenthe reaction supportsand movement of theribs at the supportsshall provide readingswithin a tolerance of+/-0.01 in. (0.25 mm).

9.6.5.2 The means of measur-ing pan distortion shallprovide readingswithin a tolerance of+/- 1/16 in. (1.5 mm).

9.6.5.3 The means of measur-ing rib spread shall pro-vide readings within atolerance of +/-1/16 in.(1.5 mm).

9.6.6 Reading Locations:

9.6.6.1 Support deflectiongages or measuring de-vices so that readingsare not influenced bymovements of , orwithin, the specimen ormember supports.

9.6.6.2 Minimum, measure themaximum deflectionof the panel at the endspan and the deflec-tions of the supports ofthe end span.

9.6.6.3 Measure pan distortionin the middle of at leastone panel flat (betweenstructural elements) ata minimum of three lo-cations. Additionalreading locations arerequired to validatefreedom from end re-straint, as described inT125-9.8.2.2.

9.6.6.4 Rib spread readings areoptional for measuringpanel distortion forprofiles with verticalrib faces. Measure ribspread at the base of the

ribs in line with the an-chors and at mid span,as required, to meet re-quirements ofT125-9.8.2.2.

9.6.7 Reading Frequency:

9.6.7.1 In all cases except forrib spread, readingsshall be taken at initialzero or preload, at eachincrement of load, andagain at the zero orpreload to determinepermanent set. SeeT125-9.10.2.4 regard-ing the selection ofzero load.

9.6.7.2 Rib spread readingsshall be taken at eachincrement of load un-less stipulated other-wise by the specifyingauthority.

9.7 Safety Precautions:

9.7.1 Take proper precautions to protectthe operating personnel and ob-servers in the event of any failure.

9.8 Test Specimens:

9.8.1 The test specimens shall be of suf-ficient size to determine the per-formance of all typical parts of thesystem. Conditions of structuralsupport shall be simulated as ac-curately as possible, and the fulllength and width, including over-hangs, shall be loaded. All parts ofthe test specimen shall be full size,using the same materials, details,and methods of construction andanchorage as used on the actualbuilding. Except for positive loadas in T125-9.8.2.2, any partialwidth sheets shall not be consid-ered in figuring specimen width.

9.8.2 Specimen Width - edge seals shallnot contain structural attachmentsthat restrict deflection of the testpanel any more than the normalgable condition.


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9.8.2.1 For the evaluation ofeither bending capacityor anchor to panel at-tachment strength un-der negative load, thespecimen width shallcontain not less thanthree full panels andfive structural elementswith normal rake or ga-ble supports at bothedges. (See FigureT125-9-2, herein.)

9.8.2.2 For the evaluation ofpanel bending capacityin resisting positivepressure, the specimenwidth shall be as speci-fied in T125-9.8.2.1 orbe not less than 40% ofthe clear span and in-clude not less than fourstructural elementswith not less than onehalf the flat distance tothe next adjacentnonincluded parallelrib, corrugation, orstiffener on each side.

9.8.3 Specimen Length - for negative(uplift) load tests (or any form ofloading that tends to push panelsaway from the crosswise support),unless the test represents the fulllength used, the specimen lengthshall be sufficient to ensure thatend seals or attachments do not re-strict panel movement at the areaunder investigation.

9.8.3.1 For the evaluation ofanchor to panelstrength free of end in-fluence, the arbitraryminimum specimenlength, when both endshave crosswise re-straint, is 24 ft (7.3 m).Shorter lengths are ac-ceptable when only oneend having crosswiserestraint is a minimumof 8 ft (2.4 m) from atleast one row of inte-rior anchors. Whenboth ends are free of

crosswise restraint, theminimum specimenlength is 10 ft (3 m)(see Table T125-1).When crosswise re-straint is removed fromboth ends, the normalfailure mechanism isthe anchor connectionto the seam. Othermodes of failure or per-formance must be eval-uated using one or bothends restrained.

9.8.3.2 For the evaluation ofanchor to panelstrength, the results aredeemed to be free ofend influence that thesample is outside theeffect of the end condi-tion as follows:

9.8.3.2.1 When am a x i m u mm i d - s p a npanel distor-tion readingof an identi-cal 24-f t( 7 . 3 - m )panel do note x c e e d(within thetolerance ofthe mea-su remen t )the maxi-mum read-ings on thes h o r t e rsetup; or

9.8.3.2.2 W h e nm a x i m u mm i d - s p a npanel distor-tion readingdoes not ex-ceed (withinthe toler-ance of them e a s u r e-ment) them i d s p a nd i s t o r t i o nreadings at


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least 4 ft (1.2m) on bothsides of atleast onepurlin.

9.8.3.3 For positive load tests,where the panels aresupported to resist theapplied load at eachstructural element inthe midroof area aswell as at the ends, thespecimen length is notrestricted.

9.8.4 Structural supports used in the testshall be of sufficient strength andrigidity to minimize deflection ofthe assembly. For supports used inpositive pressure tests, due con-sideration must be given to thesupport.

9.8.5 End conditions that simulate eaveor ridge flashing situations inwhich the panel terminates at orslightly beyond the purlin are con-sidered to have crosswise restraintand influence distortion for somedistance along the length of thepanel. An open-end condition isone without crosswise restraint.

9.8.5.1 It is permissible to rein-force open-end condi-t ions to preventnon-typical failures ofclip to panel attach-ment or of web buck-l ing caused byproximity of the freeedge to the support.Acceptable reinforce-ment includes longitu-dinal stiffeners in theflats to prevent buck-ling of flats. Also ac-ceptable are seamfasteners at the ends ofr ibs to preventun-seaming from thefree end. The rein-forcement shall not re-strict crosswise paneldeformation nor causethe end seal to pullaway from the pan as

panels distort underload.

9.9 Calibration

9.9.1 The calibration of liquid columnmanometers, dial gages, and grad-uated scales or tape measures isnot required for each test.

9.10 Procedure

9.10.1 Omit from the test specimen anyunique influence from gravity,sealing, or construction materialthat does not occur during actualinstallation.

9.10.1.1 If the test panel orien-tation is either in-verted or vertical, agravity correctionshall be made in thedetermination of theallowable superim-posed loading. Testsrun in an inverted po-sition shall includedata from pressure re-versal or an uprightspecimen to demon-strate that unlatchingwill not occur in thenormal orientation.

9.10.1.2 For negative loadtests, the interior sideof the specimen shallface the higher pres-sure. Support and se-cure the specimen bythe same number andtype of anchors nor-mally used for install-ing the unit on abuilding, or if this isimpractical, by thesame number of othercomparable fastenerslocated in the sameway as in the intendedinstallations.

9.10.1.3 If air leakage throughor around the testspecimen is exces-sive, tape or plasticfilm is acceptable to


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block any cracks andjoints through whichthe leakage is occur-ring. Tape or filmshall not be used tospan a joint where itrestricts differentialmovement betweenadjoining members.This caution appliesspecifically to the in-side face of standingseam panels whichtend to spread apartunder pressure. Seethe instructions forproper film place-ment in the annex.

9.10.1.4 In cases in which itwill not affect the re-sults, it is permissibleto apply a singlethickness of polyeth-ylene film no thickerthan 6 mils (0.006 in.)(0.15 mm). The tech-nique of applicationis important so thatfull load is permittedto be transferred tothe specimen and themembrane does notprevent movement orfailure of the speci-men. Apply the filmloosely, with extrafolds of material ateach corner and at alloffsets, and recessesincluding the perime-ter of the test speci-men. The film shallnot span any joint thatwill tend to separateunder pressure. Whenthe load is applied,there shall be no filletcaused by tightness ofplastic film that willhave a significant ef-fect on the results.

9.10.2 Procedure - the following proce-dure is designed to produce a min-imum of six points on theload-deflection curve. For preci-sion in determination of the yield

and ultimate strength, smaller in-crements are permitted to obtainadditional points at the discretionof the test operator.

9.10.2.1 Check the specimenfor proper adjust-ment, and close allvents in pres-sure-measuring lines.

9.10.2.2 Install the requireddeflection measuringdevices at their speci-fied locations.

9.10.2.3 At each increment ofload, maintain pres-sure for not less than60 seconds and untilthe dial gages indi-cate no further in-crease in deflection.

9.10.2.4 Apply a nominal ini-tial pressure equal toat least four times butnot more than tentimes the dead weightof the specimen. If theapplied loads are inthe same direction asgravity on the testspecimen, removethis pressure and re-cord the initial read-ing at zero load. Ifapplied loads are notin the same directionas gravity, use thisnominal pressure asthe reference zero andrecord the ini t ia lreadings.

9.10.2.5 Unless otherwisespecified, the first in-crement of load shallbe nominally equal toone-third the antici-pated ultimate load.

9.10.2.6 Reduce the pressuredifference to zeroand, after a recoveryperiod of not morethan 5 min at zeroload, increase the


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pressure to referencezero (if used insteadof zero) and takereadings to determinepermanent deforma-tion for the first incre-ment of load.

9.10.2.7 Proceed as above withsuccessive incrementsthat do not exceed onesixth the maximumspecified test load untilfailure or the specifiedul t imate load isreached.

9.10.2.8 When the behavior ofthe specimen underload indicates that fail-ure is imminent, it ispermissible to removethe deflection measur-ing devices and to in-crease the loadcontinuously until fail-ure. In such cases, theyield point must be as-sumed to have beenreached at or before thelast recorded load.

9.10.2.9 After initial failure ofone or more connec-tions that leaves themajority of the speci-men intact, it is permis-s ible to provideexternal support to pre-vent further displace-ment of those locationsand continue the load-ing to develop addi-tional data.

9.11 Report

9.11.1 Report the following information:

9.11.1.1 Date of the test and is-sue of the report.State the location ofthe facility, name ofthe testing agency (ifany), and names ofthe specific observersof the test. Cite thequalifications of any

independent observ-ers called in to certifythe test procedure orresults.

9.11.1.2 Identification of thespecimen (manufac-turer, source of sup-ply, dimensions ,model types, materi-als, and other perti-nent information).

9.11.1.3 Detailed drawings ofthe specimen and testfixture, showing thedimensions of T125-profiles, purlin loca-tion, measurement lo-cat ions, panelarrangement, instal-lation and spacing ofanchorage, sealants,and perimeter con-struct ion detai ls .Note any modifica-tions made on thespecimen, includingreinforcement in ac-cordance withT125-9.10.2.9, to ob-tain the reported val-ues, on the drawings.

9.11.1.4 Measured thicknessand tensi le yieldstrength of the mate-rial used in the testpanels. Mechanicalproperties and thick-ness shall be mea-sured after theremoval of coatingsin accordance withthe appropriate stan-dards for the materialused, that is. Testmethods A 370 forsteel and method B557 for aluminum.These values will beused to verify confor-mity with the productspecification or makeany required adjust-ment of allowable ca-pacity within therange of a material


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specif icat ion andshall be made in ac-cordance with the ap-propriate ASTMstandard for the mate-rial involved.

9.11.1.5 Tabulation of thenumber of test loadincrements, zero loadvalue and pressuredifferences exertedacross the specimenat load increments,pertinent deflectionsat these pressure dif-ferences, and perma-nent deformations atlocations specifiedfor each specimentested.

9.11.1.6 Plot of deflectionsand permanent set re-lated to pressures ap-plied.

9.11.1.7 Duration of the testloads including incre-mental loads.

9.11.1.8 Record of visual ob-servations of perfor-mance anddescription of the lo-cation and type offailure experienced.

9.11.1.9 When the tests aremade to check con-formity of the speci-men to a particularspecif icat ion, anidentification or de-scription of that spec-ification.

9.11.1.10 Statement that thetests were conductedin accordance withthis test method or afull description of anydeviations from thistest method.

9.11.1.11 Statement that thepanel and sealingmethod was observed

by the testing engi-neer with commentsconcerning whethertape or file, or both,were used to sealagainst leakage, andwhether, in the judg-ment of the test engi-neer, the tape or filmcould have influ-enced the results ofthe test.

9.11.2 If several essentially identicalspecimens of a component aretested, report the results for allspecimens, with each specimenbeing identified properly, particu-larly with respect to distinguish-ing features or differ ingadjustments. A separate drawingfor each drawing specimen willnot be required if all difference be-tween them are noted on the draw-ings provided.

9.12 Precision and Bias

9.12.1 This is a new procedure, and pre-cision and bias of the test. Methodis to be determined.

9.13 Keywords

9.13.1 Air bags, air seals, anchorstrength, crosswise distortion; de-flection; flexural capacity; ribspread; sheet metal roof and sid-ing; single stain construction;standing seam; static air pressure;structural performance; testchamber; trapezoidal, ribbed, andcorrugated panels; unlatchingfailure

9.14 Proper Use of Film and Airbags

9.14.1 Where plastic film is used to sealjoints to allow pressurization ofthe interior or underside surface ofthe roof specimen it shall contactall surfaces of the panel and shallnot interfere with the air passageto the specimen or the movementof adjacent parts. Film shall notbridge or otherwise block the gapat the base of a standing seam, asin Figure T125-9-3. Such bridg-


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ing or blocking prevents lateralmovement and proper pressuriza-tion of the specimen and yieldsnonconservative results whether itbe a flat film sealed at the edges oran air bag.

9.14.2 Longitudinal pleats that fit up intothe rib on both sides of a clip, as inFigure T125-9-4 herein, ensurefull contact and eliminate re-straint.

9.14.3 Multiple longitudinal air bagswider than the panel module, as inFigure T125-9-5 herein, providethe same effect without the need toperforate the air bag with the an-chor fastener. Where either ofthese interferes with proper clipengagement, all seals must be lim-ited to the perimeter of the testspecimen.

9.14.4 Multiple crosswise air bags, as inFigure T125-9-6 herein, do notmake full contact and will hamperpanel distortion. Plastic film mustalways lie between the panel andthe crosswise support structure toprovide continuous longitudinalcontact. Other methods of sealingthat demonstrate equivalent dis-tortion as air pressure are accept-able.


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FIGURE 9-1SCHEMATIC OF TEST APPARATUS FOR ASTM E 1592 UPLIFT TESTING

A. Test PanelsB. AnchorsC. Crosswise Supports and PurlinsD. Flexible End SealE. Structural Element of PanelF. Pressure or Vacuum ChamberM. Manometer LocationsP. Air Supply or ExhaustS. Flexible Side Seal


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FIGURE 9-2EXAMPLES OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS AND PANEL WIDTH FOR DIFFERENT PROFILES

FIGURE 9-3IMPROPER SEAL WHERE FILM SPANS

CREVICE AT BASE OF RIB

FIGURE 9-4PLEATS MAKE CONTACT WITH METAL PANEL

ON BOTH SIDES OF CLIPS

FIGURE 9-6IMPROPER USE OF MULTIPLE AIR BAGS

BETWEEN SUPPORT

FIGURE 9-5PROPER SEAL AT RIB WITH MULTIPLE

LONGITUDINAL AIR BAGS
