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Review Test for Unit III (1450-1750)
DIRECTIONS. The following test is designed to test your knowledge of Unit 3. You should familiarize yourself with the Questions and be able to explain why your answer is the correct one and why the remaining options are not correct.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the following quote
“In contrast to the sea-based empires developing in Europe, land-based empires remained as important political forces between 1450-1750. All had huge land armies. These empires developed relatively independently from western influence, and to some extent they counterbalanced the growth of European power and colonization.”
1. The empires described in the quote above built their power most directly on
a. the mandate of heavenb. the technology of gunpowderc. control of Silk Road traded. parliamentary principles
2. The quote accurately describes all of the following empires EXCEPT
a. Han China b. Ottoman Empirec. Safavid Empire d. Mughal Empiree. Russian Empire
3. Sikhism is accurately defined as a religion that
a. was native to Japan, but shared similar beliefs to Daoismb. flourished primarily in Southeast Asiac. originated in the Ottoman Empire as another major split
in Islamd. originated in India, with a blend of Muslim and Hindu
beliefse. developed in Central America as a protest to Spanish-
imposed Christianity
4. Which of the following decisions by the Portuguese most directly affected the Arab African cities of the east coast of Africa?
a. to trade only from coastal centersb. to monopolize the Indian Ocean tradec. to set up an African trading network that included the
interior trade routes of the Saharad. to allow Christian missionaries to evangelize in the cities
of the east coast e. to start a navigators’ school in Portugal
5. All of the following are common problems that the Muslim Empires of 1450-1750 shared EXCEPT:
a. Sunni-controlled governments whose power was seriously challenged by a Shi’a minority
b. inadequate transportation and systems for their armiesc. unruly warrior elites that challenged the governmentd. inadequate bureaucracies that could not adequately
govern or keep in touch with citizense. the rise of European rivals who ultimately built stronger
militaries than they did
6. Which of the following European powers established hegemony over the Indian Ocean trade during the 16th century?
a. Dutch b. Englishc. Spanish d. Portuguesee. French
7. A dividing line drawn by the Pope to separate Portuguese and Spanish claims was established through the
a. Edict of Nantes b. Treaty of Westphaliac. Treaty of Tordesillas d. Treaty of Parise. Council of Trent
8. By the 16th century the center of commercial activity for Europeans had shifted from the Mediterranean to the
a. Black Sea b. Baltic Seac. Pacific Ocean d. Indian Oceane. Atlantic Ocean
Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following picture
9. Whose beard is being cut in the picture above?
a. a French army officer during the French and Indian Warb. a German mercenary during the American Revolutionc. a Russian boyar during the reign of Peter the Greatd. an Ottoman vizier by an English conquerore. a Spanish naval officer during the conquest of his
Armada
10. What is the main reason that the individual’s beard is being cut?
a. to make him comply with an official order intended to make his country modernize
b. to make him pay homage to a conquering rulerc. at his request, to enable him to be named by his ruler as
a member of the highest elite groupd. as a requirement for all men who fight in the militarye. as part of a sanitation measure in major ports of call
along long-distance trading routes
11. The successful return of Magellan’s ship Victoria to Spain in 1522 signaled that
a. the Spanish were not to be the dominant force in the Americas
b. Europeans were now positioned to make themselves masters of the oceans
c. the English would come to dominate territories around the world
d. Spain was now able to dominate trade with Asiae. Spain would soon eclipse England as the most powerful
European power
12. The Portuguese were able to assert control over the Indian Ocean trade because
a. they took over Aden, the city that centrally controlled most of the trade
b. the constant warfare in the region allowed the disruption of traditional trade systems
c. Portuguese trade goods were vastly superior to anything found in the region
d. the people they traded with were naïve and easily taken advantage of
e. their ships and weapons were militarily superior to the lightly armed merchant dhows
13. All of the following factors contributed to the success of the Spanish in quickly creating a vast empire in the Americas EXCEPT:
a. The Spanish assembled a large army that quickly overran the Western Hemisphere.
b. The long isolation of the Americas made its inhabitants vulnerable to European diseases.
c. The Spanish had superior military technology.d. They were motivated by their desire to convert the
natives to Christianity.e. Only two empires — great distances apart — were
strong enough to militarily challenge the Spanish.
14. The Renaissance philosophy of humanism emphasizes the importance of
a. religious rather than secular teachingsb. the accomplishments and capabilities of individual
human beingsc. trade as the primary method of building wealthd. technological innovationse. the Muslim influence on the development of European
thought
Question 15 & 16 are based on the following image
15. The main reason that this building was constructed between 1632 and 1649 was to serve as
a. a place of worship for people of many faithsb. a palace for the rulerc. a mausoleum for the ruler’s dead wifed. an administrative building for the governmente. a center of long-distance trade
16. The building was constructed in a place ruled by the
a. Russian tsar b. Ottoman sultanc. Gupta emperor d. Mongol khane. Mughal emperor
17. Which of the following was an important reason why the Ming Empire weakened and fell by the mid-1600s?
a. A serious change of climate made southern China too hot to raise rice.
b. The bulk of the Silk Road trade was captured and controlled by the Muslim Empires.
c. The Portuguese and English were successful in capturing several of their southern ports.
d. The Mongols regained power and resumed their attacks from the north and west.
e. The last, but strongest, Ming ruler was killed by the Japanese.
18. What was the main reason that the Edo court practiced alternate attendance?
a. to contain the influence of Christian missionariesb. to ensure the samurais’ loyalty to the emperorc. to evaluate military preparednessd. to show deference to their overlords, the Chinese Qing
familye. to ensure that the daimyos would be unable to overthrow
the shogun
19. What was the main purpose of Zheng He’s voyages?
a. to prove the seaworthiness of the Chinese shipsb. to search for a passage to the Americasc. to defeat the pirates of Malacca so that sea travel would
once again be safed. to extend China’s influence by bearing gifts and exacting
tributee. to visit Mecca and Muhammad’s grave
20. All of the following are reasons why discovery voyages ceased after Zheng He’s death EXCEPT:
a. The sponsoring emperor also died.b. Confucian court officials resisted cross-cultural contacts
and trade.c. Court officials did not believe that Chinese sailors were
sufficiently skilled to voyage any further than they did.d. War broke out in the Western provinces, so the
government needed to spend money there.e. Court officials criticized Zheng He’s voyages for not
being profitable.
21. Which of the following most clearly differentiates the period from 1450 to 1750 from earlier periods?
a. decline of manorialism in western Europeb. the rise of the Seijuk Turks as a world powerc. the inclusion of the Americas in the global trade networkd. the opening of Japan to trade with the Weste. the replacement of Romanesque architecture with the
Gothic style in western Europe
22. By the end of the period from 1450 to 1750 the governments of Great Britain and France had which of the following characteristics in common?
a. Both nations were constitutional monarchies.b. The power to levy taxes was controlled by the monarch
in both nations.c. Neither nation had wide class differences.d. Both nations were absolute monarchies.e. Both nations had strong centralized governments
23. “We have seen that kings take the place of God, who is the true father of the human species. We have also seen that the first idea of power which exists among men is that of the paternal power; and that kings are modeled on fathers.”
The above definition of kingship BEST fits the monarch of which of the following countries between 1450 and 1750?
a. England b. Irelandc. Germany d. Italye. France
24. The immediate reason for Luther’s protest against the Catholic Church was
a. the church’s practice of excommunicationb. the church’s ban on usuryc. the Papal refusal to permit Luther to marryd. church-sponsored sale of indulgencese. his support for German nationalism
25. Which of the following expresses Martin Luther’s main philosophical disagreement with the Roman Catholic Church?
a. He did not believe in infant baptism, a common practice of the church.
b. He believed that the clergy were not well qualified to serve the church because their main concern was getting rich.
c. He believed that the Church equated good works with salvation, and ignored the importance of faith.
d. He disagreed with the church’s position that during communion the bread and wine literally changed into the body and blood of Jesus.
e. He believed in predestination, and the church condemned this belief.
26. The Spanish Armada’s defeat signaled the
a. decline of Spain’s military dominance in Europeb. beginning of Spain’s global dominancec. end of the era of European naval powerd. success of the Muslim invasion of western Europee. rise of French military dominance in Europe
27. The Copernican universe at first found more critics than supporters largely because
a. Copernicus was wrongb. it directly challenged popular beliefsc. Copernicus could not prove his theories empiricallyd. people did not trust his data because it came from
Islamic scholarse. it challenged the intellectual synthesis of classical and
biblical authorities.
28. Which of the following best describes the historical significance of the early modern period (1450-1750) in Europe?
a. It was an era when the lives of ordinary Europeans improved significantly.
b. In this era, women made much progress in gaining equality with men.
c. Most European governments shifted from absolutism to constitutional monarchies.
d. The balance of world power shifted from other areas of the world to European countries.
e. Populations decreased, allowing standards of living to improve for those that survived.
29. Coercive labor systems were predominant in all of the following areas of the New World between 1450 and 1750 EXCEPT:
a. the southern English coloniesb. the northern English coloniesc. the Caribbeand. Portuguese Brazile. Spanish colonies of Central and South America
30. Which of the following groups had the highest social status in New Spain?
a. peninsulares b. creolesc. mestizos d. mulattoese. Amerindians
31. What was the “Middle Passage”?
a. mid-priced tickets for the middle classes for passage from Europe to the Americas
b. the route across the Central American isthmus that connected the gold and silver routes from Peru on the Pacific side to the Atlantic Ocean
c. the trade route from the Caribbean to New England that carried molasses and sugar
d. the trade route from Africa to the Americas where ships carried mainly slaves
e. the route from European countries to the West African coast
32. Which of the following were products native to the New World that contributed the most to the Columbian Exchange?
a. chocolate and bananasb. potatoes and corn (maize)c. horses and cowsd. sugar and molassese. wheat and rice
33. Why were women more in demand than men in the trans-Saharan slave trade?
a. Women made better house servants than men did.b. Women were sold along with their children, so buyers got
more slaves for their money.c. The slaves were destined to become concubines in lands
that practiced polygamy.d. The women were less likely to die on the long trek across
the desert to ports on the Mediterranean.e. The men were more likely to run away from their masters
than the women.
34. Slave systems became much more prevalent in the New World during the 17th and early 18th century primarily as a result of the production of
a. tobacco b. cottonc. gold and silver d. corne. sugar
35. In which area(s) of the New World did slaves experience a natural increase (more births than deaths) during the 18th century?
I. North AmericaII. CaribbeanIII. Brazil
a. I only b. I and II onlyc. II and III only d. I and III onlye. I, II, and III