Review #2

Test FormatSectionQuestion TypeNumber of QuestionsTimingPercentage of Total Exam Score1Part A: Multiple-Choice 55 questions55 minutes40%Part B: Short-Answer(new info!!!)4 questions50 minutes20%BREAK2Part A: DBQ1 question55 minutes25%Part B: FRQ1 question (chosen from a pair)35 minutes15%Upcoming StuffReview sheets due after we are done with each reviewReview questions due at the end of all review towards test timeTerm Packets due with test #1 April 17th#2 April 30th ???Era Quizzes comingPresidents Quiz #1 April 23rd , #2 April 27th AP Test May 8th = STUDY!Review #2British and the ColoniesColoniesPopulation of British colonies (ethnicity) English-Scotch-Irish, Africans, Germans, Swedes

Colonial womens role- how changedmore equal partners than in Europe

Sir Edmund Andros1st Gov. of Dominion of NE (super colony) under James IIMass. RI, CT, NH, later NYTry to strip away puritan power and to strip away religious freedom from RIKing did not think that the Puritans were supported in MA oops

Glorious RevolutionJacob LeislerWhat rebellion associated with Glorious Revolution?led a rebellion in NY after imprisonment of Andros following Glorious Revolution ( he was supportive of James II)Was executed for treason for plotting against William and Mary

Glorious Revolution overthrow of James II (catholic) throne given to Protestant daughter Mary & William of Orange takes apart the Dom. of NE

ColoniesGeorgia founded for?Haven for debtors (James Oglethorpe) & buffer from FL

Georgia and slaveryNo slavery until Oglethorpe deadWhy Scottish-Irish not go to Southships didnt go there & didnt like slavery & good land takenPurpose of colonial citiestrade centersWho had wealth in coloniesNorth-NE tradersSouth Plantation owners (20 slaves)Middle-Grain farmers & traders

TermsWhere was slavery legal in colonies in 1700s EverywhereVT 1st to abolish in 1777MercantilismExport >ImportCollect gold, start a colony for raw materialsSalutary Neglect1607-1763British policy to ignore colonies

PoliciesNavigation Acts1660s-stop colonies trading w/ French, Dutch, Spanish passed for tax $$ -ships must be British or American & crewed by same Nav. Acts part of British policy known as? isolationism, capitalism, mercantilism, monopolism, imperialism

enumerated goodsSpecific goods only sold to England (cotton, indigo, tobacco, sugar) later added Iron Act, Hat Act

ReligionDeismbelief in creator & left man to his own devices to mess up on his own Jefferson, FranklinEnlightenmentReason & science Ben Franklin(First) Great Awakeningreturn to Puritanism (church had grown cold)

wanted religious emotional experience 1720s-1740sJonathan Edwardssermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God???Mary Rowlandson (showed up on test one year. Only thing we could find)Puritan woman captured by Indians & escaped

French & Indian WarAlbany Plan of UnionCreated a mutual defense pact against Fr & IndiansJoin or Die cartoon1st political cartoonFranklins support for Albany PlanWashingtons role in French and Indian war1754-builds Ft. Necessity surrenders 7-4-1754: Becomes Col & fights against FrenchCauses of French & Indian Warconflict over Ohio River Valley (claimed by French) & Trade in the colonies Results/ effects of French and Indian warDebtFrance out of the New World (lose LA to Spain)Indians uneasy futureBrits want to continue fur trade

French & Indian WarWhat led to Revolutionary war?because of taxes from French & Indian war, Navigation Acts, a new king What happened to France as a result of Fr. & Ind. War?driven from NAIroquois and French & Indian warremained neutral (lean Pro-British)most others sided with FrenchEffect of English empire wars on colonies

Effects of War(See Page 3)Effect of English Empire Wars on ColoniesKing Williams War 1689-97 War against France spilled into colonies raid by Indians & scalping

Queen Annes War 1702-13 England fought France & Spain Colonials reinforced their dependence on the British due to their military weakness

King Georges War 1744-48 Continued war between British, French & Spanish for dominance in New World

French & Indian War 1754-63 Started by Washington & his guide

ProblemsProclamation Line of 1763No settlement west of the Appellation Mtns.Why colonists didnt like taxes?No representation (paid less than British)Virtual representationBritish argument Parliament represents allSugar Act (reduces tax on sugar) different from earlier Molasses Act (lowered price) by- sugar prices went up, colonists consumed more sugar, there was shortage of sugarcolonists were represented by Parliament not colonial legislaturesit was enacted to get instant revenues idea was to lower the price of sugar and get colonists to buy more thus increasing sugar revenue

ProblemsStamp Act- what was itwatermark on all paper, who effected, everyone why hated taxation w/o representationInternal tax on goods in colonyStamp v. external tax on imports-Sugar Act AP loves this questionEffect of Stamp Act Protests, Sons of Liberty, tar & feather, effigiesStamp Act CongressAsking Parliament to repeal Stamp ActBritain responded by passing Declaratory Act (can tax anything any time) Townsend later uses the Declaratory act to pass Tea tax, lead, paint, glass (Townsend acts 1767 to raise revenue)Statue of George III after it was repealed the colonists were so happy they put up a lead statue. During the war they used it for bullets

ProblemsWhy did the power of colonial assemblies grow? Representation of peopleCurrency Act effect? No printing of colonial money

Paper money and colonies1776-Trade Each colony printed their own ContinentalsQuartering Act 1765 - Provided housing (rum, wine, candles)

ProblemsEffect of British troops in BostonAnger Protect from Indians in Boston?Boston Massacre1770-Colonists heckling soldiersfired killing 4/5John AdamsIntolerable/Coercive acts results of the Tea Act Included Which one of the following was not part of Intolerable acts? Tea Act led to the Intolerable acts

Intolerable / Coercive Acts included (Page 3 & 4)

Administration of Justice Act Choose to stand trial in EnglandBoston Port Act closed ports

Massachusetts Govt Act closed meetings New Quartering Act take buildings in town

American RevolutionWhich act helped precipitate Revolution?Hat Act, Wool act, Molasses Act, Tea Act, Stamp ActJohn Peter ZengerNY newspaper arrested for Libel against NY Gov. Found Not Guilty Libel must be false If its true its not libel!Thomas PaineIt is Common Sense to rebel

1st Continental Congress1774 - minutemen & meet in Spring 1775

Patrick Henrys SpeechGive me liberty or give me deathStirred rebellion

RevolutionDeclaration of Independence 1776-sent Olive Branch Petition no response*explains why colonies breaking away, not to insult George III or to set up new government-Articles of Confederation did thisBritish send more troops

John Lockes principles added to the DeclarationNat. Rights Life, liberty, property & can rebel

Economic Issues of American RevolutionNo Treasury Who pays??

RevolutionWhat made Washington a great military leader? help from Canada, stayed out of NY & DL, Continental Congress gave him lots of money, he kept armies together (morale) after defeat

How were women viewed before and after Revolution? More = afterWhat did women gain from Revolution (mother of Republic)Republican mother (instill democratic values in their children)

Relationship with FranceFranco-American AlliancePost SaratogaBattle of Saratoga importance of, Francebrought France into war Role of France in Revolution? involved but didnt help, France got back territory lost in 1763, made the British give up more b/c of their help

Why did French want to help? Hated British

American diplomatic tactics in Revolution? Befriend, Adams-England, Jefferson & Franklin-FranceTories/Loyalists why left? Under attack by Whigs moved to Canada

RevolutionLoyalists used guerrilla warfare against Patriots, werent enough numberwise to effectively stop Patriots, fled back to England, had generally just come to U.S., were rich

War economy massive debt & taxes

Role of African Americans in Revolution took jobs w/ combat, were paid less, were led by Black officers, received no medals of honor, fought west of the Mississippi, part of Continental Army

US & France v. Britain negotiations after the war US promised France not to negotiate w/o France. Britain would not negotiate if France was involvedFranklin, Adams & Jay met in secret & gave plan to FrenchPeace of Paris (1783) did what. (Also 1763, 1898)US independent, Boarders Miss R-Great Lakes-Spanish FL Pay Loyalists for all war losses

Articles of Confederation 1st Govt took 4 years to unanimously ratify-1781

Powers of the Articles of Confederation 1781-1789(See Page 4)

POWERS:Declare War & PeaceManage Foreign affairsMaintain an Army & NavyIssue & Borrow money each state & Fed Govt printed own moneyControl the IndiansEach state got 1 vote, regardless of sizeWEAKNESSES:No President or head of GovtNo power to tax must beg from statesState or public support was needed but not received (sometimes states failed to appoint delegates)No way to pay debts leading to Shays rebellionNo power to enforce the peace treaty states did not return Loyalists propertyNo way to pay armys back wagesCouldnt control trade

Articles of C.Shayss Rebellion1786-MA farmers rebelled against prop tax to pay war debts

Shayss Rebellion v. Whiskey Rebellion = common theme was economic hardship of western/back country farmersWhich document dealt with slavery? Land Ordinance of 1785not allow slavery until state Constitution written also a way for Fed Govt to make $$

Ordinance of 1785surveyed NW territory into townships 640 acres each

Northwest Ordinance (1787) did what (procedure for new states) provided basis for admission of states 5,000 free males=rep legislature, 60,000 = write a Constitution & apply for statehood

Why Articles defeated?Too decentralized no power!!

Constitution3/5ths Compromisewhat was it slaves -3/5 1808-no more slave importation

how did 3/5ths Comp. sanction slavery? Didnt condemn it

Constitution based on = compromise

Great (Connecticut) Compromiseset up Legislation branch - Bicameral

ConstitutionPrinciples of Constitution Federalism, checks/balances, protect property

Founding Fathers and propertyby adding to Constitution, favored elites

How Founding Fathers social and economic elites restrained common man from votingElectoral College & Senators elected by St. Legislatures

Found Fathers & political parties = disdain forno mention in Constitution

Bicameral legislature 2 Houses

Federal system of governmentFederalism divided powers State & Natl

ConstitutionOpposition to Constitutionwhy = Fear of too much centralized power

Anti-Federalists who Yeoman farmers, what Anti-Constitution, concerns too much tyranny at the topimportant because their concerns led to the Bill of RightsFederalist PapersEssays in favor of Constitution-Madison, Hamilton, Jay

Ratification struggleall states but NY went to state leg.NY close vote by peopleAbigail Adams and women (remember the women) love letters-

Key__4___Boston Massacre __1770____2___French & Indian War ends __1763___5___Lexington & Concord _ 1775______1___Navigation Acts passed __1760-63____3___Stamp Act passed __1765_____5__ Constitutional Convention __1787 ratified 1789__2___Declaration of Independence ___1776____1___Revolutionary War begins __1775___3___Revolutionary War ends _1781-Yorktown 1783-treaty__4___Shayss Rebellion __1786-87__