Test and Score Data - ETS Home · PDF fileThis edition of the TOEFL Test and Score Data Summary contains data ... see the TOEFL Score User Guide, TOEFL iBT at a Glance,

JANUARY 2007—DECEMBER 2007 TEST DATA

Test and Score Data Summary for

TOEFL® Internet-basedand Paper-based Tests

The TOEFL® Test — Quality Beyond Measure

Test and Score DataThis edition of the TOEFL Test and Score Data Summary contains data

on the performance of examinees who took the TOEFL Internet-based

test (TOEFL® iBT) or the TOEFL paper-based test (TOEFL PBT) between

January and December 2007.

www.ets.org/toefl

Test of English as a Foreign LanguageTM

2 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

History of the TOEFL® Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

The TOEFL Internet-Based Test (TOEFL iBT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Internet-Based Test Data for 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Table 1. Observed Minimum and Maximum Scores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Table 2. Percentile Ranks – Total Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Table 3. Percentile Ranks – Graduate-Level Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Table 4. Percentile Ranks – Undergraduate-Level Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Table 5. Percentile Ranks – Other Students. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Table 6. Percentile Ranks – Applicants for Professional License. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Table 7. Means and Standard Deviations – Males. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Table 8. Means and Standard Deviations – Females . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Table 9. Total and Section Score Means – All Examinees by Native Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Table 10. Total and Section Score Means – All Examinees by Geographic Region and Native Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

The TOEFL Paper-Based Test (TOEFL PBT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Paper-Based Test Data for 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Table 11. Observed Minimum and Maximum Scores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Table 12. Percentile Ranks – Total Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Table 13. Percentile Ranks – Graduate-Level Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Table 14. Percentile Ranks – Undergraduate-Level Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Table 15. Percentile Ranks – Other Students. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Table 16. Percentile Ranks – Applicants for Professional License. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Table 17. Means and Standard Deviations – Males. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Table 18. Means and Standard Deviations – Females . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Table 19. Total and Section Score Means – All Examinees by Native Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Table 20. Total and Section Score Means – All Examinees by Geographic Region and Native Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Table of Contents

Copyright © 2008 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved.

ETS, the ETS logos, GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS, TOEFL, the TOEFL logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., and TWE are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS) in the United States of America and other countries throughout the world. TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE and TEST OF WRITTEN ENGLISH are

trademarks of Educational Testing Service. COLLEGE BOARD is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board. Prometric is a registered trademark of Thomson Learning.

A single copy of this publication may be downloaded for individual use. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA. Violators will be prosecuted

in accordance with all applicable copyright and trademark laws.

Permission requests may be made online at www.ets.org or sent to Educational Testing Service, Offi ce of the General Counsel, Attn: Permissions Administrator, Rosedale Road, MS 04C, Princeton, NJ 08541, USA.

For additional information about the Test of English as a Foreign Language, see the TOEFL Score User Guide, TOEFL iBT at a Glance, and the TOEFL Internet-based Test Score Comparison Tables. Order these publications in print form or download them from the TOEFL Quality Resource Center at www.ets.org/toefl /quality.

3 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

History of the TOEFL® Program

The Test of English as a Foreign Language™, better known as TOEFL®, is designed to measure the English profi ciency of people whose native language is notEnglish. TOEFL scores are accepted by more than 6,000 colleges, universities, and licensing agencies in 110 countries. The test is also used by governments, and scholarship and exchange programs worldwide. A list of institutions and agencies that accept TOEFL scores is available on the TOEFL website at www.ets.org/toefl .

The TOEFL Program — A national council on the test-ing of English as a foreign language was formed in 1962; its members were representatives of more than 30 pri-vate organizations and government agencies concerned with the English profi ciency of nonnative speakers of English who wished to study at colleges and universities in the United States. The council supported the develop-ment of the TOEFL test for use starting in 1963–64. Financed by grants from the Ford and Danforth Founda-tions, the TOEFL program was fi rst administered by the Modern Language Association. In 1965, the College Board® and Educational Testing Service® (ETS®) as-sumed joint responsibility for the program. Because many who take the TOEFL test are potential graduate students, a cooperative arrangement for the operation of the program was entered into by ETS, the College Board, and the Graduate Record Examinations® Board in 1973. Under this arrangement, ETS is responsible for administering the TOEFL program with guidance from the TOEFL Board. The TOEFL Board is comprised of 15 members. Some are affi liated with such institutions and agencies as undergraduate and graduate schools, community col-leges, nonprofi t educational exchange organizations, and other public and private agencies with an interest in international education. Other members are specialists in the fi eld of English as a foreign or second language.

Development of the Test — The test originally contained fi ve sections. As a result of extensive research, a three-section test was developed and introduced in 1976. In July 1995, the test item format was modifi ed somewhat within the same three-section structure. In recent years, various constituencies called for a new TOEFL test that would (1) be more refl ective of communicative compe-tence models; (2) include more constructed-response tasks and direct measures of writing and speaking; (3) include tasks that integrate the language modalities tested; and (4) provide more information than the paper-based TOEFL test (TOEFL PBT) about the ability of international students to use English in an academic environment. Accordingly, the TOEFL Board initiated a broad effort under which language testing will evolve in the twenty-fi rst century. The introduction of the computer-based TOEFL test (TOEFL CBT) in 1998 was the fi rst incremental step in this broad test-improvement effort. The next step was the introduction of an Internet-based version of the TOEFL test (TOEFL iBT) in Sep-tember 2005. The test was fi rst launched in the United States, and was gradually rolled out worldwide during 2005 and 2006. TOEFL iBT assesses all four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing) that are important for effective communication. TOEFL iBT emphasizes integrated skills and provides better infor-mation to institutions about students’ ability to com-municate in an academic setting and their readiness for academic coursework. As TOEFL iBT was introduced in an area, TOEFL CBT was discontinued after a period of overlap to ensure a smooth transition to TOEFL iBT. The fi nal administration of TOEFL CBT was held in September 2006. TOEFL PBT will continue to be offered on a limited basis to support the TOEFL iBT testing network. This version of the TOEFL Test and Score Data Summary contains informa-tion about TOEFL iBT and TOEFL PBT test takers.

4 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

The TOEFL Internet-Based Test (TOEFL iBT)

TOEFL iBT was intro-duced in the United States in September 2005 and was gradu-ally introduced world-wide during 2005 and 2006. TOEFL iBT was developed in response to a request by insti-tutions to provide a

test that would measure nonnative speakers’ ability to communicate in English in an academic setting.

TOEFL iBT:• Measures the ability to communicate by combining

all four language skills – Reading, Listening, Speak-ing, and Writing

• Is 100% academically-focused, measuring the kind of English used in academic settings

• Provides fair and objective scoring• Provides valid and reliable information to support

score users to make effective decisions

Test takers have up to four hours to complete the test, and all four sections are taken on the same day. The Reading section measures the ability to understand aca-demic reading material, and the Listening section mea-sures the ability to understand spoken English as it is used in colleges and universities. The Speaking section consists of six tasks that measure the ability to speak English in an academic setting. The Writing section consists of two tasks that measure the ability to write in a way that is appropriate for college and university course work. Some questions in the Speaking and Writing sec-tions require the test takers to combine, or integrate, information from more than one source. For example, test takers are asked to read a passage, listen to a short lecture about a topic, and then speak or write in response. These integrated tasks are designed to simulate the aca-demic experience.

Internet delivery enables ETS to deliver the test at offi cial test centers in more locations. There are cur-rently more than 4,000 test centers where the TOEFL iBT test is administered worldwide, and the number

continues to grow. Speaking and writing tasks are scored by multiple, rigorously trained raters who provide unbi-ased, objective evaluations of the responses via the Online Scoring Network.

Test Preparation—Everyone registered to take the TOEFL test receives test preparation materials free of charge. Examinees who register to take TOEFL iBT re-ceive a link to a TOEFL iBT Sampler when the registra-tion is complete. The Sampler includes questions from all four sections of TOEFL iBT. The Reading and Listen-ing sections are interactive and sample responses are provided for the Writing and Speaking questions.

Several other test preparation products are available for free and for purchase. For more information about TOEFL iBT and related products, please visit the TOEFL Web site at www.ets.org/toefl .

Visit the TOEFL website at www.ets.org/toefl for the most up-to-date information.

5 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Internet-Based Test Data for 2007

The data presented in the tables below are based on examinees who took the TOEFL iBT between January 2007 and December 2007. Table 1 gives actual ranges of observed scores for the period from January 2007 and December 2007. The

percentile ranks for section and total scale scores are shown in Table 2 for the total group. In Tables 3–6, examinees have been classifi ed by their reason for taking the test (information supplied by them at the test center).

Table 1. Observed Minimum and MaximumTOEFL iBT Section and Total Scores

Section Min. Max.

1. Reading

2. Listening

3. Speaking

4. Writing

0

0

0

0

30

30

30

30

Total 0 120

Table 2. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores—Total Group

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

3029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210

9786797368635955514845413836333028252320181614121086431

98887972676156524844413834312926242119171513121087531

9998969389**827363**54443423**1496**4321**11

98959084**7668**584838**3123**1711**732**11

12011611210810410096928884807672686460565248444036322824201612840

10099959084787165585247413631272319161310854211

MeanS.D.

19.18.7

19.88.2

19.24.8

20.25.4

MeanS.D.

7824

**Indicates a non-existent scale score for Speaking and Writing.

Table 3. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores—Graduate-Level Students*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

3029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210

9481736761565348444138353229272422201715131210875431

978474676155514742393532292624211917151312109765321

9998959186**797060**50403020**1274**3211**1

97938780**7263**534333**2618**138**421**

12011611210810410096928884807672686460565248444036322824201612840

10098938679726659534741353026221815129753211

MeanS.D.

20.68.2

21.07.8

19.84.7

21.05.3

MeanS.D.

8223

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to colleges or universities as graduate students.


6 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Table 4. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores—Undergraduate Level Students*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

3029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210

97908479757167646057545147444138363330272422191614119641

98898174696359545047434036333128262321191715131197531

9998969287**817263**53453525**16118**5422**111

98959185**7971**625343**3527**2113**843**11

12011611210810410096928884807672686460565248444036322824201612840

10099969186807468635752474237322824201613974321

MeanS.D.

17.38.9

19.38.3

19.25.1

19.75.6

MeanS.D.

7625

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to colleges or universities as undergraduate students.


Table 5. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores—Other Students*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

3029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210

98898277726763595552494642403734322926242219171512108531

988980736762575349454239353331282624221918161412108641

10099979491**847566**56473728**191411**8643**2111

99969286**7970**605142**3427**2114**1053**11

12011611210810410096928884807672686460565248444036322824201612840

1009997938780736761544944393531272420171411864311

MeanS.D.

18.18.8

19.48.5

18.65.2

19.75.7

MeanS.D.

7625

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to schools other than colleges or universities, e.g., secondary schools.


7 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Table 6. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores—Applicants for Professional License*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

3029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210

988980746660555045413733292624211916141311987543211

99907969615347413632282522191715131110987654321

9998969386**756045**34251711**643**2111**

98969185**7564**514030**2216**117**421**11

12011611210810410096928884807672686460565248444036322824201612840

1009997928576665647403327231915121086542211

MeanS.D.

20.67.5

21.96.8

21.04.1

21.05.0

MeanS.D.

8420

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were taking TOEFL to become licensed to practice their professions in the United States or Canada.


8 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Tables 7 and 8 present means and standard deviations of section and total scores separately for male and female examinees tested between January and December 2007.

Table 7. Means and Standard Deviations for TOEFL iBT Section and Total Scores, Males*

Group Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total

Total Group*

Graduate Level**

Undergraduate Level**

Other Students**

Applicants for Professional License**

19.58.7

21.18.1

17.59.1

18.68.9

21.27.1

19.88.3

21.17.8

19.48.4

19.48.6

22.26.5

18.94.7

19.64.6

19.05.0

18.45.1

20.83.9

20.25.5

21.15.3

19.65.7

19.75.7

21.14.9

7824

8323

7625

7625

8519

*Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership.

**Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership and also indicated a main reason for taking the TOEFL test.

Table 8. Means and Standard Deviations for TOEFL iBT Section and Total Scores, Females*

Group Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total

Total Group*

Graduate Level**


Other Students**


19.08.6

20.28.2

17.28.8

17.88.7

20.27.6

20.08.0

21.27.6

19.68.2

19.68.4

21.86.9

19.84.8

20.54.7

19.65.2

19.15.3

21.34.2

20.45.3

21.25.2

19.95.5

19.85.6

21.05.0

7924

8323

7624

7625

8420



9 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Native LanguageNative Language Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l

Table 9. TOEFL iBT Total and Section Score Means1 — All Examinees Classifi ed by Native Language2

Tables 9 and 10 may be useful in comparing the performance on the TOEFL iBT of a particular student with that of other students from the same native country and with that of students who speak the same language. It is important to point out that the data do not permit the generalization that there are fundamental differences in the ability of the various national and language groups to learn English or in the level of English profi ciency they can attain. The tables are based simply on the performance of those examinees native to particular countries and languages who happened to take TOEFL iBT.

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l

1 Because of the unreliability of statistics based on small samples, means are not reported for subgroups of less than 30.2 Because of changes in region and/or country boundaries, certain languages may have been added or deleted since the previous table was published.

Afrikaans 18 21 21 21 81Akan 17 19 20 20 76Albanian 17 20 21 19 77Amharic 15 18 19 18 71Arabic 13 17 19 17 66Armenian 17 20 21 20 78Assamese 24 24 23 25 96Aymara 16 17 19 18 71

Bashkir * * * * *Basque 24 25 21 22 92Belorussian 20 23 23 22 88Bemba 13 15 21 17 67Bengali 22 23 22 24 91Berber 17 17 18 18 71Bikol 20 21 22 22 85Bosnian 17 20 21 19 77Bulgarian 21 24 21 22 89Burmese 18 18 19 21 76

Catalan 24 24 21 22 92Cebuano 22 23 22 22 89Chichewa ( Nyanja ) 16 18 19 19 72Chinese 20 19 18 20 77Chuvash * * * * *Croatian 21 25 22 22 91Czech 21 24 22 22 89

Danish 24 27 26 24 101Dutch 25 27 25 25 102

Efi k 20 19 20 21 79English 20 22 22 22 86Estonian 23 26 23 24 97Ewe 16 17 19 19 71

Farsi 18 19 20 19 76Fijian * * * * *Finnish 23 27 23 24 97French 22 22 21 21 85Fula (Peul) 12 13 18 17 60

Ga 19 20 20 21 80Gallegan (Galician) * * * * *Ganda 17 19 21 22 79Georgian 18 21 21 20 79German 23 26 24 24 97Greek 21 23 20 22 87Guarani * * * * *Gujarati 16 17 19 19 71Gwichin * * * * *

Hausa 16 17 19 19 71Hebrew 22 26 24 23 95Hindi 23 24 23 24 93Hungarian 21 24 22 22 89

Icelandic 22 26 23 24 95Igbo 18 19 20 20 78Iloko 20 21 20 21 83Indonesian 19 20 19 20 78Inupiaq * * * * *Italian 22 19 18 19 78

Japanese 16 16 15 18 65Javanese 18 17 16 19 71

Kannada 24 25 23 25 96Kanuri * * * * *Kashmiri 21 23 23 23 90Kazakh 17 19 20 19 76Khmer 13 15 17 18 63Kikuyu 16 19 20 20 74Konkani 25 26 24 26 101Korean 20 20 18 20 77Kurdish 16 20 19 19 74Kurukh * * * * *

Lao 12 14 18 18 63Latvian 19 23 22 22 86Lingala * * * * *Lithuanian 19 23 22 21 85Luba-Lulua * * * * *Luo 18 20 21 21 80

Macedonian 18 22 21 21 82Madurese 13 17 18 18 66Malagasy * * * * *Malay 22 23 20 23 88Malayalam 23 24 23 24 95Maltese * * * * *Marathi 24 24 23 24 95Marshallese * * * * *Mende * * * * *Mongolian 14 16 18 17 65Mossi 11 13 17 17 58

Nepali 16 18 19 20 74Norwegian 21 26 24 23 94

Oriya 24 24 23 25 96Oromo 17 20 19 18 73

Palauan * * * * *Pohnapeian * * * * *Polish 20 23 22 21 86Portuguese 22 23 21 21 86Punjabi 20 21 22 22 84Pushtu 16 19 21 20 77

Romanian 23 24 22 23 92Russian 19 22 21 21 83

Samoan * * * * *Santali * * * * *Serbian 20 23 21 20 84Shona 22 23 23 23 91Sindhi 22 24 23 24 93Sinhalese 19 22 21 22 84Slovak 21 24 22 22 89Slovene 23 25 23 24 96Somali 13 17 20 17 67Spanish 21 22 21 21 84Sundanese * * * * *Swahili 16 18 19 19 72Swedish 20 25 24 23 91

Tagalog 21 22 22 22 88Tamil 24 24 23 24 96Tatar * * * * *Telugu 17 18 20 20 74Thai 17 18 17 19 71Tibetan 16 19 20 21 76Tigrinya 17 19 19 19 74Tongan * * * * *Turkish 19 20 19 20 77Turkmen 15 19 19 19 72Twi 18 20 20 20 78

Uighur 15 16 18 17 66Ukrainian 19 22 22 21 84Urdu 19 21 22 22 86Uzbek 16 18 19 18 71

Vietnamese 17 16 17 19 70

Wolof 12 14 17 16 59

Xhosa * * * * *

Yapese * * * * *Yiddish * * * * *Yoruba 19 20 20 20 79

Zulu 18 21 23 23 84

10 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

(continued)

Geographic Regionand Native Country


Table 10. TOEFL iBT Total and Section Score Means1 — Nonnative English-Speaking Examinees Classifi ed by Geographic Region and Native Country2

AFRICAAngola 13 17 19 18 67Benin 12 13 16 16 57Botswana 16 18 21 21 77Burkina Faso 13 15 17 17 62Burundi 15 16 19 18 69Cameroon 15 16 18 19 68Cape Verde * * * * *Central African Republic * * * * *Chad * * * * *Comoros * * * * *Congo 13 15 19 17 64Congo, The Democratic Republic of 13 16 19 18 66Cote D’Ivoire 13 13 16 16 59Djibouti * * * * *Equatorial Guinea * * * * *Eritrea 17 20 19 19 75Ethiopia 16 19 19 18 72Gabon 15 18 19 18 70Gambia 10 15 20 17 62Ghana 18 19 20 21 78Guinea 12 15 18 16 61Guinea-Bissau * * * * *Kenya 17 18 20 20 75Lesotho * * * * *Liberia 9 15 19 16 58Madagascar 20 19 20 21 79Malawi * * * * *Mali 11 13 16 15 56Mauritania 13 15 19 18 65Mauritius 24 24 21 25 94Mayotte * * * * *Mozambique * * * * *Namibia * * * * *Niger 13 14 18 17 62Nigeria 18 19 20 20 77Reunion 21 21 20 21 82Rwanda 16 19 20 19 74Sao Tome and Principe * * * * *Senegal 13 14 17 16 60Seychelles * * * * *Sierra Leone 16 18 22 19 75Somalia 10 15 19 16 60South Africa 22 25 25 24 95Swaziland * * * * *Tanzania, United Republic of 14 17 20 19 69Togo 12 14 18 16 60Tunisia 18 20 20 19 77Uganda 17 19 21 22 80Zaire * * * * *Zambia 17 21 24 21 83Zimbabwe 22 23 23 24 92

AMERICAN Anguilla * * * * *Antigua and Barbuda * * * * *Argentina 24 25 22 23 94Aruba * * * * *Bahamas * * * * *Barbados * * * * *Belize * * * * *Bermuda * * * * *Bolivia 20 22 21 20 83Brazil 22 23 21 21 86Canada 21 24 23 23 91Chile 23 23 20 21 88Colombia 20 21 20 20 80Costa Rica 23 25 23 23 93Cuba 19 20 20 19 79Dominica * * * * *Dominican Republic 19 21 21 20 81Ecuador 20 22 21 21 83El Salvador 20 22 22 21 84French Guiana * * * * *Grenada * * * * *Guadeloupe * * * * *Guatemala 18 19 20 19 76Guyana * * * * *Haiti 12 14 18 16 61Honduras 19 22 22 21 85Jamaica 18 21 22 21 82Martinique * * * * *Mexico 21 22 21 21 85Montserrat * * * * *

Netherlands Antilles 18 23 24 23 88Nicaragua 20 22 22 21 85Panama 20 22 21 21 83Paraguay 20 22 21 21 84Peru 20 22 21 21 83Puerto Rico 21 23 21 22 87Saint Kitts and Nevis * * * * *Saint Lucia * * * * *Saint Vincent and the Grenadines * * * * *Suriname * * * * *Trinidad and Tobago * * * * *Turks and Caicos Islands * * * * *United States 19 22 22 21 84Uruguay 24 25 22 23 94Venezuela 20 22 21 20 84Virgin Islands (U.S.) * * * * *

ASIAAfghanistan 12 16 20 19 67Azerbaijan 16 17 19 18 71Bangladesh 19 21 21 22 83Bhutan 14 16 20 18 69Brunei Darussalam * * * * *Cambodia 13 15 17 18 63China 21 19 18 20 78Christmas Island * * * * *Cocos (Keeling) Islands * * * * *East Timor * * * * *Hong Kong 18 20 20 22 80India 20 21 21 22 84Indonesia 19 20 19 21 78Japan 16 16 15 18 65Kazakhstan 17 20 20 20 77Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of 16 17 17 18 69Korea, Republic of 20 20 18 20 77Kyrgyzstan 19 21 21 20 81Lao, People’s Democratic Republic 13 15 18 18 65Macau 15 16 17 19 66Malaysia 21 23 20 23 87Maldives * * * * *Mongolia 14 16 18 17 65Myanmar 18 18 19 20 75Nepal 16 18 19 20 74Pakistan 20 22 22 23 87Philippines 21 22 22 22 88Singapore 25 26 24 26 100Sri Lanka 19 22 21 21 83Taiwan 17 18 18 19 72Tajikistan 15 17 21 19 72Thailand 17 18 17 19 72Timor-Leste * * * * *Turkmenistan 16 20 20 19 75Uzbekistan 17 19 20 19 75Viet Nam 17 16 17 19 70

EUROPEAland Islands * * * * *Albania 18 20 21 20 78Andorra * * * * *Armenia 17 20 21 20 78Austria 24 26 24 25 99Belarus 20 23 22 21 86Belgium 24 26 24 24 98Bosnia and Herzegovina 17 22 21 19 80Bulgaria 21 24 21 22 88Croatia 21 24 22 22 89Cyprus 18 21 19 21 79Czech Republic 21 24 22 22 89Czech and Slovakia * * * * *Denmark 24 27 26 24 101Estonia 23 26 23 24 96Faroe Islands * * * * *Finland 24 27 23 24 98France 23 23 21 22 88Georgia 18 21 21 20 79Germany 23 26 24 24 97Gibraltar * * * * *Greece 22 23 20 22 88Greenland * * * * *Holy See (Vatican City State) * * * * *Hungary 21 23 22 22 88Iceland 22 26 23 24 95Ireland * * * * *Italy 22 19 18 19 78

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l

11 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �


Geographic Regionand Native Country Re

adin

g

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l

Table 10 (continued)

EUROPE (cont’d)

1 Because of the unreliability of statistics based on small samples, means are not reported for subgroups of less than 30. 2 Because of changes in region and/or country boundaries, certain countries may have been added or deleted since the previous table was published.

Kosovo 15 18 20 19 71Latvia 20 23 22 22 87Liechtenstein * * * * *Lithuania 19 23 22 21 85Luxembourg 25 26 24 25 100Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of 18 22 21 21 82Malta * * * * *Moldova, Republic of 20 22 22 21 86Monaco 22 22 22 22 88Montenegro 19 22 21 19 81Netherlands 25 27 25 25 103Northern Ireland * * * * *Norway 21 26 24 23 94Poland 20 23 22 21 86Portugal 24 25 23 23 95Romania 23 25 22 23 93Russian Federation 20 22 21 21 84San Marino * * * * *Scotland * * * * *Serbia 20 22 21 20 83Serbia and Montenegro 19 23 21 20 84Slovakia 21 24 22 22 89Slovenia 24 26 23 23 96Spain 23 23 21 22 88Sweden 20 25 24 23 91Switzerland 24 26 23 24 97Turkey 19 20 19 20 77Ukraine 20 22 22 21 84United Kingdom 23 25 24 24 95Wales * * * * *Yugoslavia * * * * *

MIDDLE EAST/NORTH AFRICA Algeria 15 18 19 18 69Bahrain 14 19 20 19 73Egypt 18 21 21 20 80Gaza Strip * * * * *

Iran, Islamic Republic of 18 19 20 19 76Iraq 15 19 20 18 72Israel 22 26 24 22 94Jordan 15 18 20 18 71Kuwait 11 16 19 16 61Lebanon 17 20 21 21 79Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 17 21 20 19 78Morocco 16 18 19 19 72Occupied Palestinian Territory 12 16 19 18 65Oman 11 14 18 16 59Qatar 8 13 17 14 51Saudi Arabia 10 15 18 15 57Sudan 13 18 20 18 69Syrian Arab Republic 14 19 20 19 72United Arab Emirates 10 14 17 16 58West Bank 15 18 19 19 70Yemen 12 16 19 17 64

PACIFIC REGIONAmerican Samoa * * * * *Australia 21 23 23 23 91Fiji * * * * *French Polynesia * * * * *Guam * * * * *Kiribati * * * * *Marshall Islands * * * * *Micronesia, Federated States of * * * * *Nauru * * * * *New Caledonia * * * * *New Zealand * * * * *Northern Mariana Islands * * * * *Palau * * * * *Papua New Guinea * * * * *Pitcairn * * * * *Samoa * * * * *Tonga * * * * *Tuvalu * * * * *Vanuatu * * * * *

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l

12 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

The TOEFL Paper-Based Test (TOEFL PBT)

The paper-based version of the TOEFL test (TOEFL PBT) continues to be admin-istered on specifi c dates in some countries, particularly in areas where accessibility to the Internet-based test (TOEFL iBT) is a concern. Each form of TOEFL PBT consists of three separately timed sections; the questions in each section are multiple-

choice, with four possible answers or options per ques-tion. All responses are gridded on answer sheets that are scored by computer. There is also a 30-minute essay, The Test of Written English (TWE), given at each administra-tion.

• Section 1 of the test, Listening Comprehension,measures the ability to understand English as it is spoken in North America. The oral features of the language are stressed, and the problems tested include vocabulary and idiomatic expression as well as special grammatical constructions frequently used in spoken English. The stimulus material and oral questions are recorded in standard North American English; the response options are printed in the test books.

• Section 2, Structure and Written Expression, mea-sures recognition of selected structural and gram-matical points in standard written English. The language tested is formal, rather than conversa-tional. The topics of the sentences are of a general academic nature so that individuals in specifi c fi elds of study or from specifi c national or linguistic groups have no particular advantage.

• Section 3, Reading Comprehension, measures the ability to read and understand short passages that are similar in topic and style to those that students are likely to encounter in North American colleges and universities. Examinees read a variety of short passages on academic subjects and answer several questions about each passage. The questions test information that is stated in or implied by the passage, as well as knowledge of some of the specifi c words as they are used in the passage.

The total test time is approximately two and one-half hours; however, approximately three and one-half hours are needed for a test administration to admit examinees to the testing room, to allow them to enter identifying information on their answer sheets, and to distribute and collect the test materials. Language specialists prepare the material for the TOEFL test. The TOEFL Committee of Examiners establishes overall guidelines for the test content and specifi cations. All item specifi cations, questions, and fi nal test forms are reviewed for cultural and racial bias and content appropriateness, according to established ETS procedures. For test date information, see the Information and Registration Bulletin for TOEFL PBT and TSE testing, or visit the TOEFL website at www.ets.org/toefl .

Test Preparation — Examinees registered to take TOEFL PBT re-ceive TOEFL Practice Tests, Vol-ume 1, which includes two com-plete PBT tests. In addition, sample questions are downloadable from the TOEFL website. There is no fee for these practice materials. Other TOEFL test preparation products are available for purchase. For more information about these products and ordering information, go to the Test Takers section of the TOEFL website at www.ets.org/toefl .

13 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Paper-Based Test Data for 2007

In 2007 TOEFL PBT was administered six times at preestablished testing centers throughout the world. The data presented below are based on candidates who took the paper-based TOEFL test between January and December 2007.

Table 11 gives actual ranges of observed scores for the period from January 2007 through December 2007. The percentile ranks for section and total scale scores are shown in Table 12 for the total group. In Tables 13–16, examinees are classifi ed by their reason for taking the test (information supplied by them at the test center).

Table 12. Percentile Ranks for Paper-Based TOEFL Scores—Total Group

Scal

e Sc

ore

Sect

ion

1 Li

sten

ing

Com

preh

ensi

on

Sect

ion

2 St

ruct

ure

and

Writ

ten

Expr

essi

on

Sect

ion

3 Re

adin

g Co

mpr

ehen

sion

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

68666462605856545250484644424038363432

99989589827364524130201273211

98948984776758483829221510642111

9995898170584532221596432111

660640620600580560540520500480460440420400380360340320

99969083736148362516106321

MeanS.D.

53.66.5

54.17.7

54.46.4

MeanS.D.

54061

Table 11. Observed Minimum and Maximum Paper-Based TOEFL Section and Total Scores

Section Min. Max.1. Listening Comprehension 31 68

2. Structure and Written Expression 31 68

3. Reading Comprehension 31 67

Total 313 677

Table 13. Percentile Ranks for Paper-Based TOEFL Scores—Graduate Level Students*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Sect

ion

1 Li

sten

ing

Com

preh

ensi

on

Sect

ion

2 St

ruct

ure

and

Writ

ten

Expr

essi

on

Sect

ion

3 Re

adin

g Co

mpr

ehen

sion

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

68666462605856545250484644424038363432

9998959084746452392818116311

989488827463524131231711743211

98948676645036241610642111

660640620600580560540520500480460440420400380360340320

999690816956423019127421

MeanS.D.

53.76.2

55.27.2

55.65.9

MeanS.D.

54857

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to colleges or universities as graduate students.

14 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Table 14. Percentile Ranks for Paper-Based TOEFL Scores—Undergraduate Level Students*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Sect

ion

1 Li

sten

ing

Com

preh

ensi

on

Sect

ion

2 St

ruct

ure

and

Writ

ten

Expr

essi

on

Sect

ion

3 Re

adin

g Co

mpr

ehen

sion

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

68666462605856545250484644424038363432

99979487797162524130201274211

98948984787063534435271913853211

99979286786755412920138632111

660640620600580560540520500480460440420400380360340320

99959083756554423020138421

MeanS.D.

53.86.8

53.28.1

53.06.5

MeanS.D.

53464

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to colleges or universities as undergraduate students.

Table 15. Percentile Ranks for Paper-Based TOEFL Scores—Other Students*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Sect

ion

1 Li

sten

ing

Com

preh

ensi

on

Sect

ion

2 St

ruct

ure

and

Writ

ten

Expr

essi

on

Sect

ion

3 Re

adin

g Co

mpr

ehen

sion

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

68666462605856545250484644424038363432

9998958982736455453526181174211

999894908477696050413427201396332

999793867867554332241712964322

660640620600580560540520500480460440420400380360340320

10098938778685746362719138521

MeanS.D.

52.97.2

51.48.2

52.47.2

MeanS.D.

52268

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to schools other than colleges or universities, e.g., secondary schools.

Table 16. Percentile Ranks for Paper-Based TOEFL Scores—Applicants for Professional License*

Sca

le S

core

Sec

tion

1 Li

sten

ing

Com

preh

ensi

on

Sec

tion

2 S

truc

ture

and

W

ritte

n E

xpre

ssio

n

Sec

tion

3 R

eadi

ng

Com

preh

ensi

on

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Per

cent

ile R

ank

68666462605856545250484644424038363432

99989692857766523929191174211

9997949186786960504031211496321

99989489806956402616107532111

660640620600580560540520500480460440420400380360340320

999894898171584430191264211

MeanS.D.

53.46.2

52.07.5

53.06.0

MeanS.D.

52858

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were taking TOEFL to become licensed to practice their professions in the United States or Canada

15 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Tables 17 and 18 present means and standard deviations of section and total scores separately for male and female examinees tested between January and December 2007;

Table 17. Means and Standard Deviations for Paper-Based TOEFL Section and Total Scores, Males*

Group

Section 1 Listening

Comprehension

Section 2 Structure and

Written Expression

Section 3 Reading

ComprehensionTotal Scale

Score

Total Group*

Graduate Level**


Other Students**


53.36.5

53.46.1

53.57.0

52.87.0

52.86.2

54.57.6

55.67.1

53.48.2

52.18.1

51.67.5

54.86.4

56.15.8

53.16.6

52.77.2

53.06.4

54261

55056

53465

52567

52559



Table 18. Means and Standard Deviations for Paper-Based TOEFL Section and Total Scores, Females*

Group

Section 1 Listening

Comprehension

Section 2 Structure

and Written Expression

Section 3 Reading

ComprehensionTotal Scale

Score

Total Group*

Graduate Level**


Other Students**


54.06.5

54.36.4

54.16.6

52.97.4

53.96.2

53.67.8

54.57.4

53.18.0

50.88.1

52.27.4

53.96.3

55.06.0

52.96.4

52.17.2

53.15.8

53862

54659

53463

51969

53157



16 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Table 19. TOEFL PBT Total and Section Score Means1 — All Examinees Classifi ed by Native Language2

Tables 19 and 20 may be useful in comparing the performance on the TOEFL PBT test of a particular student with that of other students from the same native country and with that of students who speak the same language. It is important to point out that the data do not permit the generalization that there are fundamental differences in the ability of the various national and language groups to learn English or in the level of English profi ciency they can attain. The tables are based simply on the performance of those examinees native to particular countries and languages who happened to take the paper-based TOEFL test.

1 Because of the unreliability of statistics based on small samples, means are not reported for subgroups of less than 30.2 Because of changes in region and/or country boundaries, certain languages may have been added or deleted since the previous table was published.

Native Language Sect

ion

1 Li

sten

ing

Com

preh

ensi

on

Sect

ion

2 St

ruct

ure

and

Writ

ten

Expr

essi

on

Sect

ion

3 Re

adin

g Co

mpr

ehen

sion

Tota

l Sco

re M

ean

Afrikaans 54 56 53 541Akan * * * *Albanian 55 55 50 534Amharic 55 55 54 549Arabic 54 52 51 524Armenian * * * *Assamese * * * *Azerbaijani 53 56 54 545Bambara * * * *Bashkir * * * *Basque * * * *Belarusian 58 58 57 577Bemba * * * *Bengali 58 57 57 577Berber * * * *Bikol * * * *Bosnian 58 56 56 565Bulgarian * * * *Burmese 53 54 53 533Catalan * * * *Cebuano * * * *Chichewa 55 58 53 552Chinese 54 55 54 543Chuvash * * * *Croatian * * * *Czech 57 58 57 574Danish 63 62 59 611Dutch 60 59 56 583Dyula * * * *Efi k * * * *English 57 59 55 571Estonian * * * *Ewe 49 51 49 493Farsi 54 53 54 537Fijian * * * *Finnish 63 60 59 605French 55 55 55 552Fula (Peul) 49 53 50 507Ga * * * *Gallegan (Galicien) * * * *Ganda * * * *Georgian * * * *German 61 60 59 601Greek 55 53 52 535Guarani * * * *Gujarati 56 51 53 536Gwichin * * * *Hausa * * * *Hebrew 63 59 59 603Hiligaynon * * * *Hindi 58 57 56 573Hungarian * * * *Icelandic * * * *Igbo 51 55 52 527Iloko * * * *Indonesian 54 52 54 535Inupiaq * * * *Italian 58 59 59 588Japanese 52 52 53 522Javanese 51 51 52 516Kannada 59 59 58 586Kanuri * * * *Kashmiri * * * *Kazakh 53 52 52 521Khmer * * * *Kikuyu 54 58 54 551Kinyarwanda 48 52 51 505Konkani * * * *Korean 53 55 56 545Kurdish 51 50 51 509Kurukh * * * *Kusaiean * * * *

Native Language Sect

ion

1 Li

sten

ing

Com

preh

ensi

on

Sect

ion

2 St

ruct

ure

and

Writ

ten

Expr

essi

on

Sect

ion

3 Re

adin

g Co

mpr

ehen

sion

Tota

l Sco

re M

ean

Lao * * * *Latvian * * * *Lingala * * * *Lithuanian * * * *Luba-Lulua * * * *Luo 55 59 55 563Macedonian * * * *Madurese * * * *Malagasy 51 50 52 511Malay 60 57 58 582Malayalam 58 59 59 586Maltese * * * *Mandingo * * * *Marathi * * * *Marshallese 54 50 47 507Mende * * * *Minangkabau * * * *Mongolian * * * *Mossi 47 53 50 498Nepali 53 53 53 529Norwegian 62 61 58 602Nyanja * * * *Oriya * * * *Oromo 49 54 53 521Palauan 56 54 51 538Pohnpeian * * * *Polish 59 56 56 571Portuguese 58 56 57 572Punjabi * * * *Pushto 52 51 50 511Romanian 59 59 58 588Russian 56 55 55 555Samoan * * * *Santali * * * *Serbian 55 52 51 527Shona 55 60 56 570Sindhi * * * *Sinhalese 56 52 53 537Slovak * * * *Slovenian 61 59 59 593Somali * * * *Spanish 58 56 57 571Sundanese * * * *Swahili 53 56 53 542Swedish 62 59 58 596Tagalog 59 59 56 579Tajik 53 52 51 522Tamil 55 53 53 536Tatar * * * *Telugu 56 54 54 546Thai 49 50 51 500Tibetan * * * *Tigrinya 55 58 56 565Tongan * * * *Turkish 52 51 52 516Turkmen 55 52 51 524Twi * * * *Uighur * * * *Ukrainian 57 55 55 555Urdu 57 57 55 563Uzbek * * * *Vietnamese 51 55 53 530Wolof * * * *Xhosa * * * *Yapese * * * *Yiddish * * * *Yoruba 54 57 54 548Yupik * * * *Zhuang * * * *Zulu * * * *

17 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

(continued)

Table 20. Paper-Based TOEFL Total and Section Score Means1—All Examinees Classifi ed by Geographic Region and Native Country2

Geographic Region and Native Country Se

ctio

n 1

List

enin

g Co

mpr

ehen

sion

Sect

ion

2 St

ruct

ure

and

Writ

ten

Expr

essi

on

Sect

ion

3 Re

adin

g Co

mpr

ehen

sion

Tota

l Sco

re M

ean

AFRICA

Angola * * * *Benin * * * *Botswana * * * *Burkina Faso 48 53 51 505Burundi * * * *Cameroon 51 55 52 524Cape Verde * * * *Central African Republic * * * *Chad * * * *Comoros * * * *Congo, The Democratic Republic of 48 50 49 491Congo * * * *Cote d’Ivoire * * * *Djibouti * * * *Equatorial Guinea * * * *Eritrea 55 59 56 569Ethiopia 55 55 54 547Gabon * * * *Gambia 50 51 47 494Ghana 56 57 53 555Guinea 47 50 47 481Guinea-Bissau * * * *Kenya 55 58 55 559Lesotho * * * *Liberia 49 52 48 497Madagascar 51 50 52 510Malawi 55 58 53 554Mali 42 42 43 424Mauritania * * * *Mauritius 60 65 61 616Mozambique 48 51 50 497Namibia * * * *Niger * * * *Nigeria 52 56 53 539Reunion * * * *Rwanda 48 53 51 506Sao Tome and Principe * * * *Senegal * * * *Seychelles * * * *Sierra Leone * * * *Somalia * * * *South Africa 62 64 59 614Swaziland * * * *Tanzania, United Republic of 54 55 52 538Togo 48 50 49 488Tunisia 51 54 53 526Uganda * * * *Zambia 56 59 53 560Zimbabwe 57 61 57 579

AMERICA

Anguilla * * * *Antigua and Barbuda * * * *Argentina 59 58 59 587Aruba 59 57 54 565Bahamas * * * *Barbados * * * *Belize * * * *Bermuda * * * *Bolivia * * * *Brazil 59 57 57 577Virgin Islands (British) * * * *Canada 60 59 58 592Cayman Islands * * * *Chile * * * *Colombia 55 52 54 538Costa Rica 60 58 59 590Cuba * * * *Dominica * * * *Dominican Republic 60 58 57 584Ecuador 56 54 56 553El Salvador * * * *French Guiana * * * *Grenada * * * *Guadeloupe * * * *Guatemala * * * *Guyana * * * *Haiti 51 50 50 505Honduras * * * *Jamaica * * * *Martinique * * * *Mexico 59 56 57 575Montserrat * * * *Netherlands Antilles * * * *Nicaragua * * * *Panama * * * *Paraguay * * * *Peru 55 52 54 535Puerto Rico * * * *


ctio

n 1

List

enin

g Co

mpr

ehen

sion

Sect

ion

2 St

ruct

ure

and

Writ

ten

Expr

essi

on

Sect

ion

3 Re

adin

g Co

mpr

ehen

sion

Tota

l Sco

re M

ean

St. Kitts and Nevis * * * *St. Lucia * * * *St. Vincent and the Grenadines * * * *Suriname 58 57 54 566Trinidad and Tobago * * * *Turks and Caicos Islands * * * *United States of America 59 56 56 571Uruguay 61 61 60 605Virgin Islands (U.S.) * * * *Venezuela 59 57 57 575

ASIA

Afghanistan 51 50 49 499Azerbaijan 54 57 54 552Bangladesh * * * *Bhutan 58 57 55 570Brunei Darussalam * * * *Cambodia * * * *China, People’s Republic of 54 55 54 543Hong Kong 56 55 56 558India 58 56 56 566Indonesia 54 52 54 535Japan 52 52 53 522Kazakhstan 54 54 53 539Korea, Democratic People’s Republic 52 52 53 526Korea, Republic of 53 55 56 545Kyrgyzstan 54 55 54 542Lao, People’s Democratic Republic * * * *Macau * * * *Malaysia 59 57 58 579Maldives * * * *Mongolia * * * *Myanmar 53 54 53 533Nepal 53 53 53 529Pakistan 57 57 55 563Philippines 59 59 56 580Singapore 62 62 61 617Sri Lanka 56 52 53 535Taiwan 54 53 53 532Tajikistan 53 53 51 524Thailand 49 50 51 500Turkmenistan 54 52 51 525Uzbekistan * * * *Viet Nam 51 55 53 531

EUROPE

Albania * * * *Andorra * * * *Armenia * * * *Austria * * * *Belarus 57 57 56 566Belgium 60 59 60 599Bosnia and Herzegovina 57 54 54 553Bulgaria * * * *Croatia * * * *Cyprus 54 52 51 523Czech Republic 57 58 57 574Denmark 63 61 59 611Estonia * * * *Faroe Islands * * * *Finland 63 60 60 607France 57 58 58 577Georgia * * * *Germany 62 61 59 605Greece 58 57 56 569Greenland * * * *Holy See (Vatican City State) * * * *Hungary * * * *Iceland * * * *Ireland * * * *Italy 58 59 59 590Kosovo 54 54 49 527Latvia * * * *Liechtenstein * * * *Lithuania * * * *Luxembourg * * * *Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic * * * *Malta * * * *Moldova, Republic of 57 57 56 568Monaco * * * *Montenegro * * * *Netherlands * * * *Northern Ireland * * * *Norway 62 61 58 602Poland 59 56 56 569Portugal 61 59 60 600Romania 60 60 58 595Russian Federation 56 55 55 554San Marino * * * *Scotland * * * *

18 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Table 20 (continued)

Table 21 presents the overall percentile ranks of TWE® (Test of Written English™) scores. In 2007, the TWE test was administered with TOEFL PBT on all test dates. The TWE test is holistically scored using a criterion-referenced 6-point score scale. Further information can be found in the Test of Written English Guide.

1 Because of the unreliability of statistics based on small samples, means are not reported for subgroups of less than 30.2 Because of changes in region and/or country boundaries, certain countries may have been added or deleted since the previous table was published.


ctio

n 1

List

enin

g Co

mpr

ehen

sion

Sect

ion

2 St

ruct

ure

and

Writ

ten

Expr

essi

on

Sect

ion

3 Re

adin

g Co

mpr

ehen

sion

Tota

l Sco

re M

ean

Serbia * * * *Slovakia * * * *Slovenia 61 59 59 593Spain 57 56 57 568Sweden 62 59 58 596Switzerland 60 59 58 590Turkey 52 51 52 515Ukraine 57 55 55 559United Kingdom * * * *Wales * * * *

MIDDLE EAST

Algeria 55 55 53 543Bahrain * * * *Egypt 53 52 52 524Gaza Strip 53 52 51 518Iran, Islamic Republic of 54 54 55 545Iraq 53 51 52 522Israel 62 59 59 597Jordan 53 50 52 517Kuwait * * * *Lebanon 58 57 55 567Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 50 49 50 500Morocco 57 56 56 563Oman * * * *Palestinian Territory * * * *Qatar * * * *Saudi Arabia 51 45 46 474Sudan 52 52 53 525Syrian Arab Republic 55 54 53 537United Arab Emirates * * * *West Bank * * * *Yemen 55 52 50 524


ctio

n 1

List

enin

g Co

mpr

ehen

sion

Sect

ion

2 St

ruct

ure

and

Writ

ten

Expr

essi

on

Sect

ion

3 Re

adin

g Co

mpr

ehen

sion

Tota

l Sco

re M

ean

PACIFIC ISLANDS

American Samoa * * * *Australia * * * *Cook Islands * * * *Fiji * * * *French Polynesia * * * *Guam * * * *Kiribati * * * *Marshall Islands 54 50 47 505Micronesia, Federated States of 49 45 46 465Nauru * * * *New Caledonia * * * *New Zealand * * * *Niue * * * *Northern Mariana Islands * * * *Palau 56 54 52 540Papua New Guinea * * * *Samoa * * * *Solomon Islands * * * *Tonga * * * *Tuvalu * * * *Vanuatu * * * *

Table 21. Percentile Ranks for TWE Scores

TWE Score Percentile Rank

6.05.55.04.54.03.53.02.52.01.51.00.0

99989283603520841

MeanS.D.

3.70.9

Copyright © 2008 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING. and TOEFL are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS) in the United States of America and other countries throughout the world.

TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE is a trademark of ETS. 8411

The TOEFL® test is the BEST measure of academic English profi ciency.

Using a high-quality test means more accurate decisions. ETS’s in-depth, rigorous test

design process ensures that the TOEFL® test is the highest-quality English-language

profi ciency assessment available.

The test is supported by 135+ TOEFL research reports and monographs, multiple pilot

tests and our commitment to ongoing research.

For more information visit www.ets.org/toefl /research.

71943-10496 • WEBPDF48

Documents

Test and Score Data - ETS Home · PDF fileThis edition of the TOEFL Test and Score Data Summary contains data ... see the TOEFL Score User Guide, TOEFL iBT at a Glance,