Test #7 Powerpoint - Lori Waddington

8/10/2019 Test #7 Powerpoint - Lori Waddington

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By: Lori Waddington, Period 2

Test #7: EuropeanColonies


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By the end of the 16th

century, Spain possessed an empirein the Americas twenty times its own size. Aztecs and other indigenous peoples were converted toChristianity and became subjects of the Spanish king.The king of Spain governed his American empire through

a Council of the Indies in Spain and viceroys in MexicoCity and Lima, Peru.Government institutions were highly developed. Costlybureaucracies that prevented local economic initiativeand political experimentation.

Spanish Colonies


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Appointed a viceroy to administer its colony in Brazil.Government institutions were highly developed. Costlybureaucracies that prevented local economic initiativeand political experimentation.Catholic church played an important role in transferring

European language, culture, and Christian beliefs to theNew World.The church founded universities and secondary schoolsand played a significant role in the intellectual andeconomic life of the colonies.

Portuguese Colonies


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Southern English colonies in North America includedVirginia and the Carolinas.Joint-stock companies funded colonisation rather than thegovernment.The economy was based on agriculture, specifically

tobacco farming.Eventually, dependence on African slaves increased:Plantation owners considered African slaves a better long-term investment than indentured servants (likely becauseindentured servants were freed after a period of time).

English Colonies


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The French established colonies in Canada and Louisiana.At that time, Louisiana covered much of the middle of thepresent-day US).French colonies relied heavily on the fur-trade. They alliedthemselves with native peoples who were willing to tradewith them.Did not develop large populations.As a result of the Seven Years War (1756 -1763), Franwould lose most of its colonial possessions in the NewWorld to the English.

French Colonies


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The Atlantic Circuit as a trading network that connectedEurope, Africa, and the Americas.The Triangular Trade was part of the Atlantic Circuit.As part of the Triangle Trade, manufactured goods weresent tot Africa and were trades for slaves; African slaves

were sent, by ship, to the Americas; and raw materialswere sent to Europe for manufacture.One out of every six slaves shipped to the Americas diedof disease. Sometimes, as much as 50% of a ships cargoof slaves died in route to the New World.

The Atlantic Circuit


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Africans participated heavily in the slave trade. Africanmerchants sold prisoners of war to Europeans in exchangefor manufacture goods (i.e. muskets) and made a lot ofmoney.African merchants were discriminating about the typesand amounts of merchandise they demanded in return forthe slaves and other goods, raising the price of slaves asdemand increased.The slave trade was limited to the coastal regions of Africaand did not result in European colonisation of Africa.

Africans role in the Atlantic Slave Trade


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All exported raw materials to the mother country.The environment was effected by European plants andanimals. They all took part in the Colombian Exchange.European colonisation was motivated by God, glory, andgold. (Convert, power, and wealth)

Europeans brought new diseases to the Americas,affecting Native populations.They converted Natives to Christianity.Enslaved African Americans once Natives died out.

Similarities between colonial societies


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English and French colonies were funded by joint-stockcompanies, whereas Spanish and Portuguese colonieswere funded by the government.Spanish Empire was the most centralised.More European immigrants came to the Americas from

Britain.Spain and Portugal forced more cultural uniformity on theircolonies (more of an effort to convert).

Continuities between colonial societies


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Latin America was more racially diverse.In North America, you were either white or black. In LatinAmerica there was a degree of race.

Differences between racial Ideologies


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Harsh conditionsAfrican labour

Similarities between Slavery andIndentured Servitude


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Indentured servitude was voluntary, whereas slavery wasnot.Indentured servants worked 5-7 years, a slave worked forlife unless they were freed.Indentured servants were typically European (mostly

English going to English colonies), slaves were mostlyAfrican.

Continuities between Slavery andIndentured Servitude


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After 1500, Native Americans and Africans were enslaved.This led to slavery being tied to racism.After 1500, slavery expanded in size and scale. 10-12million African slaves came over to the Americas fromAfrica.

Slaves were often prisoners of war, slaves were stillprisoners of war after 1500. Life for a slave was brutal,punishments could be harsh, and living conditions wereterrible.

Changes in Slavery


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After 1450, new navigational and ship building technologywas made. (Compass, astrolabe, improved map makingskills, caravel)The discovery of the Americas led to the ColombianExchange, the Atlantic system, slaves, sugar, tobacco,and the Triangle Trade.However, it still facilitated the transfer of disease.

Changes in trade technology

Documents

Test #7 Powerpoint - Lori Waddington