Terrestrial AdaptationsApical meristems enable

primary (vertical) growth

Terrestrial Adaptations

Vascular Tissue

Terrestrial Adaptations

Roots• Absorption• Anchorage/Support• Storage

StemsElevation

VegetativeReproductive

Plant Tissues

•Dermal•Vascular•Ground

Leaf Tissues

Alternation of Generations

Both are multicellular

Both are multicellular

Review• Put the following structures/stages in the order that

they follow a zygote in a generic plant life cycle: –Spore–Fertilization–Gamete–Meiosis–Sporophyte–Gametophyte

Mosses

No cuticle No vascular system No seeds

Ferns

Cuticle Vascular system No seeds

Gymnosperms

Cuticle Vascular system Seeds (from cones)

Angiosperms

Cuticle Vascular system Seeds (from flowers)

MONOCOT

EUDICOT

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DoClq5gPxU

MEIOSIS

MEIOSIS

MITOSIS

MITOSIS

POLLINATION

FERTILIZATION

GERMINATION

AngiospermReproduction

Growth

Secondary Growth

Secondary Growth

Vascular cambium produces new xylem and phloem

Xylem

PhloemVascularCambium

VASCULAR CAMBIUM

OLDEST PHLOEM

NEWEST PHLOEM

OLDEST XYLEM

NEWEST XYLEMXYLEM PHLOEM

VASCULAR CAMBIUM

Secondary Growth

Transport

Transpiration

Capillary action

Osmotic pressure

Translocation of phloem sap

Transport Routes

Apoplastic

Symplastic

EndodermisCasparianStrip

TransportPhloem

Source SinkSpring

Roots Meristems

Summer Leaves Flowers, fruits,

roots

Gibberellins• Stem elongation• Fruit development

Abscisic Acid• Inhibits

germination–May be broken

down by water, heat, or cold

EthyleneTriple response to stress

1.Slower elongation2.Thickening3.Horizontal curvature

Ethylene• Apoptosis–Programmed cell death– Leaf abscission

• Fruit ripening–Cellulose/starch hydrolysis

Rapid Leaf Movements• Active transport of ions• Water follows by osmosis