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8/22/2019 Terms Vocabulary
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air receiverA component that stores compressed gas and helps
stockpile a constant supply of pressurized gas.
axial compressorA type of dynamic compressor in which gas flows parallel to
the rotation of the axis.
blowerThe rotors of a lobe compressor. Common blowers have
either 2 or 3 lobes.
centrifugal compressor
A type of dynamic compressor that compresses air and
expels it with a centrifugal force from a rotating wheel with
radial vanes. Centrifugal compressors are often used for
fans and cooling units.
centrifugal forceA force directed outward and away from the center of a
rotating object.
compressor A component that pressurizes ambient air and directs it intoa pneumatic system.
crankshaftA rod that spins and drives a piston in a piston compressor.
The crankshaft is powered by a prime mover.
cubic feet per minute
A measurement of airflow that indicates how many cubic
feet of air pass by a stationary point in one minute. Cubic
feet per minute is abbreviated cfm.
diesel motor
A type of internal combustion engine, controlled by a
throttle, that is often used as a prime mover for mobile
pneumatic applications.
diffuserA part of a centrifugal compressor that transforms the high-
speed low-pressure gas into higher pressure.
double-acting compressor A pneumatic actuator that directs energy in both directions.
dry rotary screw compressorA type of rotary screw compressor that delivers air without
the use of lubrication.
dynamic compressor
A type of compressor that delivers larger volumes of air at
lower pressures. Common types of dynamic compressors
include centrifugal and axial compressors.
electric motor
A machine that converts electricity into mechanical energy
or motion. An electric motor is a type of prime mover for a
pneumatic system.
flow rate
A specification of a compressor that indicates how much air
a compressor can move in a certain amount of time. Flow
rate for pneumatic pumps is measured in cubic feet per
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minute.
fluid power
Power derived from the motion and pressure of a fluid,
such as water, oil, or air. Hydraulics and pneumatics are
sources of fluid power.
gas turbine engine
A type of rotary engine driven by high-speed gases that
convert the chemical energy into mechanical energy by
internal combustion.
horsepowerA unit of power used to describe the strength of a
pneumatic component. One horsepower equals 746 watts.
impellerThe rotors of a lobe compressor. Common impellers have
either 2 or 3 lobes.
intercooler
A component that cools air inside a compressor. An
intercooler is a type of heat exchanger that also removesmoisture.
internal combustion engine
A type of engine in which heat energy and mechanical
energy is produced inside the engine. Internal combustion
engines include gas turbines and types of diesel motors.
liquid ring compressor
A type of vane compressor that expels liquid with a
centrifugal force to create a liquid ring that forms a seal.
Liquid ring compressors are dust and oil free but not very
efficient compared to other compressors.
lobe The portion of a lobe compressor's impeller that interlocksand provides the ability to compress air.
lobe compressorA compressor that derives its pressurizing ability from two
interlocking gear-type rotors called impellers or blowers.
multi-stage compressor
A type of compressor that compresses air to the required
pressure in multiple stages with cooling in between stages.
Multi-stage compressors are often used for higher
pressures.
NTP An abbreviation for normal temperature and pressure.
operating pressureThe pressure at the actual operating point used to specify
the valves, actuators, and other devices.
pistonA rod inside a cylinder that is moved by pneumatic
pressure.
piston compressorA pneumatic compressor that uses a piston driven by a
rotating crankshaft to pressurize air in a pneumatic system.
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pneumatic powerPower derived from the motion and pressure of a gas, such
as air.
positive displacement compressor
A type of compressor that delivers a fixed volume of air at
high pressures. Common types of positive displacement
compressors include piston compressors and rotary screwcompressors.
prime moverThe component of a pneumatic system that powers the
compressor.
psiA measurement of pressure. Pounds per square inch is
abbreviated psi.
reciprocating compressorA compressor that derives its pressurizing ability from a
component, usually a piston, that moves back-and-forth.
revolutions per minute The number of times a component rotates 360, or in acomplete circle, in one minute. Revolutions per minute
(rpm) is a measurement of speed.
rotary screw compressor
A compressor that derives its pressurizing ability from two
interlocking threaded cylinders. The male-female thread
interaction traps and compresses air.
rotor The main spinning portion of a rotary compressor.
single-acting compressor A pneumatic actuator that directs energy in one direction.
single-stage compressor
A type of compressor that compresses air to the required
pressure in a single operation. Single-stage compressors are
often used for lower pressures.
staging
A method that handles the various pressure requirements
in a compressor. Compressors come in single and multiple
stages.
statorA stationary component used together with a rotating part
in an axial compressor.
STP
An abbreviation for standard temperature and pressure.
STP must be specified in a compressor before determining
volume of flow.
vane
A retractable spring-loaded mechanism that extends
radially from the center of a compressor rotor. Vanes trap
and move fluid to an outlet port.
vane compressorA pneumatic compressor that consists of a rotor mounted
off-center in a circular cavity. As the rotor spins, vanes trap
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and compress air.
water trap
A part of an air receiver that traps and drains away the
condensation formed due to reducing the air temperature
in the receiver.
wet rotary screw compressorA type of rotary screw compressor that delivers air with the
use of oil to lubricate the screws.
working pressureThe maximum pressure used to specifiy the compressor at
the outlet.
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