Tendencies in Urban Regeneration and Urban Development in Germany

2017 International Conference on Government-Led Urban Regeneration Lecture and Discussion Uli Hellweg Hellweg Urban Concept Taipei, 5 January 2017

What Are We Talking About? Urban ....?

UrbanRenewal

UrbanRegenera,on UrbanRevitaliza,o

n

UrbanRetrofi3ng UrbanConversion

UrbanExpansionUrbanExtension

UrbanDevelopmentSlumClearing

TabulaRasaUrbanReco

nstruc,on

UrbanRenaissance

What Are We Talking About? Attempt at Systematic Order

UrbanRegenera,on

UrbanRefurbishment

UrbanRevitaliza,on

UrbanRenewal/UrbanRenaissance

UrbanRetrofi3ng

UrbanConversion

UrbanEx-pansion

UrbanExtension

LessComplex

SlumClearing

TabulaRasa

MoreComplex

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

UrbanReconstruc,on

Population Density in Europe

Quelle: Rural Development in the EU, Report 2013

Uneven Regional Development in Germany

UrbanRural

Urban Regeneration Programs in Germany 1971 - 2016

Urban Regeneration Programs in Germany Facts and Figures 2016

•  “Socially Integrative City” (Soziale Stadt): 140 Mio € (4.8 billion TWD), a program for urban districts with special development needs

•  “Urban redevelopment East” (Stadtumbau Ost): a program on urban redevelopment in Eastern Germany: 97.5 Mio € (3.34 billion TWD)

•  “Urban redevelopment West “ (Stadtumbau West), a program on urban development in West Germany: 97,5 Mio € (3.34 billion TWD)

•  A program on the preservation of historical monuments in whole Germany (Städtebaulicher Denkmalschutz): 102 Mio € (3.5 billion TWD)

•  “Active city and neighbourhood centres” (Aktive Stadt- und Ortsteilzentren), a program on revitalisation of environmentally and/or socially disadvantaged urban quarters: 102 Mio € (3.5 billion TWD)

•  “Small towns and communities“ (Kleinere Städte und Gemeinden) - this program is about the revitalisation of small town and village centres: 65 Mio € (2.3 billion TWD)

•  „Urban Projects of National Significance“ (Nationale Projekte des Städtebaus): 41 Mio € (1.4 billion TWD).

Demolition in Berlin Kreuzberg in the 80th

Squatting And Building Self-Help Groups

o  Urban renewal must be planned and – fundamentally – realised with the current residents and entrepreneurs.

o  Planners must reach an agreement with residents and entrepreneurs about the aims of the renewal measures. Technical and social plans need to go hand in hand.

o  The special character of the quarters (Kreuzberg in Berlin) must be preserved. In parts of the city that are under pressure, confidence must be reawakened.

o  The renewal of houses and buildings must be implemented gradually, that means step by step and cautiously. Removing of the indigenous residents should be avoided as far as possible.

o  The physical situation must be improved by minimum demolition, by green development in courtyards, and by protecting the historical shape.

o  Public facilities such as streets, squares and parks must be renewed and preserved in accordance with public needs.

o  The rights of participation and tangible rights of persons affected by the social planning must be settled.

o  Decisions about urban renewal must be made in an open way and preferably be discussed on location. The participation of affected people is to be reinforced.

Principles of Cautious Urban Renewal of IBA Berlin 1984

IBA Berlin 1984/87: From Tabula Rasa to Cautious Urban Regeneration

Triumph of Urban Regeneration

From Historic Centre to Inner-City Conversion Public Subsidies on Urban Areas

HistoricCentre/CityCentreCentrePeripherie/ConversionAreasUrbanPeripherieDistrictCentresOthers

Waterfront Regeneration in Hamburg HafenCity

15

4th. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Report

How Many Earths Does it Take to Support Humanity?

German Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Targets 2030

Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Germany Since 1990 (according to emission sectors)

Energetic Retrofitting and Preservation of the Historical Shape of the City

„Baukultur“ – A Driver for Architectural, Social and Ecological Quality in the Built Environment

„Baukultur“ in Germany - Essentials

•  Awareness and preservation of the built heritage •  Broad citizen participation in the preliminary

phase of planning, decision-making and the implementation process

•  Interdisciplinary cooperation between architects, planners, specialists (like sociologists, economists and environmental specialists) and politicians and citizens

•  Organising of planning competitions in the fields of urbanism, landscaping and architecture

•  Fostering International building exhibition as laboratories and drivers for urban renewal and new developments

22

International Building Exhibitions (IBA) Driving architectural visions and urban development

Resistance Against „Gentrification“

Population Density of German and International Cities

RankDensity RankSize City Pop. Area[km2] Density

State(Bundesland) 2015 perkm2

1 3 Munich 1,450,381 310.69 4,355 Bavaria

2 1 Berlin 3,520,031 887.70 3,965 Berlin

3 6 Stu]gart 623,738 207.35 2,925 Baden-Wür]emberg

4 36 Oberhausen 210,934 77.11 2,762 NorthRhine-Westphalia

5 5 Frankfurt 732,688 248.31 2,737 Hesse

6 9 Essen 582,624 210.32 2,732 NorthRhine-Westphalia

7 14 Nuremberg 509,975 186.38 2,713 Bavaria

8 7 Düsseldorf 612,178 217.22 2,71 NorthRhine-Westphalia

9 4 Cologne 1,060,582 405.17 2,618 NorthRhine-Westphalia

10 16 Bochum 364,742 145.66 2,573 NorthRhine-Westphalia

11 13 Hanover 532,163 204.14 2,56 LowerSaxony

12 25 Gelsenkirchen 260,368 104.94 2,458 NorthRhine-Westphalia

13 2 Hamburg 1,787,408 755.16 2,366 Hamburg

14 19 Bonn 318,809 141.22 2,301 NorthRhine-Westphalia

15 22 Mannheim 305,78 144.96 2,16 Baden-Wür]emberg

Failed Urban Expansion Patterns of the 20th Century

Historic Garden City – A Model for the 21st Century?

Learning From Garden City: New Industries (4.0) and Urban Farming

VincentCallebaut:DRAGONFLY,AMETABOLICFARMFORURBANAGRICULTURE

Aquaponik(VerbindungvonTechnikenderAufzuchtvonFischeninAquakulturundmitderKul,vierungvonNutzpflanzeninHydrokultur)

Learning From Garden City: Co-Existence of Living and Working

Tony Garnier: Cité Industriell (1917) Ebenezer Howard: Garden City of Tomorrow (1898)

Learning From Garden City: Decentral Structure of Regional Development

Hellerau Garden City, Dresden (1911)

New Towns as “Garden Cities” in the 20th Century

Focusses of Urban Regeneration, City Expansion and New „Garden Cities“ in Berlin (2016)

Garden City of the 21st Century Munich Freiham

Urban Structure of Garden City Freiham (Munich)

Garden City of the 21st Century “Lake City Aspern” (Vienna, Austria)

Lake City Aspern (Vienna)

Conclusions

1.  Urban regeneration is undergoing a steady change and is not a fixed term or strategy.

2.  Citizen participation, environmental aspects and the significance of Baukultur play a more and more crucial role in urban regeneration.

3.  The outstanding success of urban regeneration and renewal strategies resembles a little bit the sentence of the “revolution that eats its children”.

4.  Current urban regeneration and renewal strategies try to revitalise the mixture, since new technologies and environmentally friendly manufacturing (Industry 4.0) allow a new neighbourhood between living and working.

5.  The “Triumph of the City” has brought an increasing inequality of living and working conditions between the big cities and the periphery, which is, last not least, one of the causing factors of the emergence of political frustration and new protest movements.

Thank You For Your Attention!

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