Ten Principles of Multimedia Learning (Mayer)

Ten Principles of Multimedia Learning

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Ten Principles of MultimediaLearning

ExamplesIn 2006 Richard E Mayer set out"Ten Principles for MultimediaLearning" based on his researchat the University of California,Santa Barbara.

This blog gives you theopportunity to agree or not withMayer's ten principles.

To start with look at a few example educationalpages,do they totally support support Mayer'sprinciples? or are there any snags?Try a fewexamples from multimedia educational sitesaround the web. Do they support Mayer'sprinciples - or not?

Keep the ten principles in mind as you surf - addyour own examples that support one or more ofMayer's principles.

Found a site you think proves or disproves aprinciple?Think the principle drives a coach and horsesthrough the principles of good web design?Post your comment on any of the examples hereand tell the world why.Sunday, November 02, 2008Multimedia principle:People learn better from words and pictures than from

The Ten Principles1. Multimedia Principle:People learn better from wordand pictures than from wordsalone.

2. Contiguity Principle:People learn better whenwhen corresponding wordsand pictures are presentednear rather than far from eachother in time or on the screen.

3. Coherence Principle:People learn better whenextraneous words, pictures,and sounds are excludedrather than included.

4. Modality Principle:People learn better from wordsand pictures when words arespoken rather than printed.

5. Redundancy Principle:People learn better fromanimation and narration thanfrom animation, narration andon screen text.

6. PersonalizationPrinciple:People learn better whenwords are presented in aconversational style, ratherthan formal style.

7. Voice Principle:People learn better whenwords are spoken in a non-accented human voice than ina machine voice or accentedvoice.



words alone.

Which of these two examples do youthink gives you the information you need?Which is better for learning?Are they doing the same job?What is the target audience for each?http://amasci.com/amateur/trshort.html

http://www.learnabout-electronics.org/bipolar_junction_transistors_04.phpPosted by Bus stop 2 comments:

Contiguity principle:People learn better when corresponding words andpictures are presented near rather than far from eachother in time or on the screen.

Here's an example of atechnical diagram withappropriate labels. Thedescriptive text is also closeby; Aha but a snag! try thetranslation gadget offered

(bottom left) and see what happens to the diagramlabels...... Click the link. Can you think of a solution?http://www.learnabout-electronics.org/ssr_01.phpPosted by Bus stop No comments:

Coherence Principle:People learn better when extraneous words, pictures,and sounds are excluded rather than included.

For our younger viewers?How Stuff Works is a popularlearning site. Here we lookat the topic area oftransistors again. Do youthink Mayer's Coherenceprinciple could be appliedhere?

Maybe you would like to choose a short video to explain thetransistor topic more fully?Maybe you're just bored and would like to surf around?You may still be learning - but what was it we came herefor?Posted by Bus stop No comments:

Modality Principle:

8. Signaling Principle:People learn better when thevoice signals important wordsrather than when there are nosignals.

9. Interactivity Principle:People learn better when theycan control the pace ofpresentation than when theyreceive continuouspresentation.

10. Pretraining principle:People learn better when theyreceive pretraining on eachcomponent rather than nopretraining.

Find out more about ProfessorMayer's research at:http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/mayer/index.php



People learn better from words and pictures whenwords are spoken, rather than printed.

Here's an example from Adobe .com.When does entertaining becomeannoying?How many times will you need to viewthe video before you can remember allthe steps?Better that boring old lists ofinstructions?

Instructions better 'cos you can print them out?Click comments to praise or pan adobe!

Posted by Bus stop No comments:

Redundancy Principle:People learn better from animation and narration thanfrom animation, narration and on screen text.Animations are great for learning. Here's an example (yes atransistor again) that the learner can play with - itsinteractive.

According to principle 5 it wouldbe improved if the instructionswere spoken.Is that possible with aninteractive animation such asthis?What would happen as you

advance the slider and the instructions change?Is it helpful to have a written explanation to look at as youtry different parts of the animation?Just how would you apply principle 5 to this example?Posted by Bus stop 1 comment:

Personalization Principle:People learn better when words are presented in aconversational style, rather than formal style.

What is your "Conversational" style?So how do you like your stuff shoving at you dude?Do you think casual's best?Do you prefer your personal learning materials to be offeredin a more formal manner?More formal more accurate? More informative?

Well this is one principle I'd like to modify. How about:People learn better when words are presented in a languagethat is suited to the expected audience?



Can you use "Formal" language and still be fun?Try a page or two from the University of Texas' site forFrench Language learners.Posted by Bus stop 1 comment:

Voice Principle:People learn better when words are spoken in a non-accented human voice than in a machine voice oraccented voice.

Seems that the question of accent is dependent on who thelistener is. Non-accented to one user is quite likely to beaccented to another.

Of course there is always "Received pronunciation" (RP) buthow does that fit with the conversational style required byprinciple 6?Again - who is your target audience?Posted by Bus stop No comments:

Signaling Principle:People learn better when the voice signals importantwords rather than when there are no signals.

Sounds can be helpful.Sounds can be Fun.Sounds can highlight important stuffSounds can be lethalWhen sounds annoyAnd learners sayThat's enough!Posted by Bus stop No comments:

Interactivity Principle:People learn better when they can control the pace ofpresentation than when they receive continuouspresentation.

Too much to take in? Let learners set the pace by usingshort sections, pages that they dont have to scroll throughbut can read one one (or not much more) screen.Use short videos and sound clips.Use animations the user can control.Posted by Bus stop No comments:

Wednesday, October 29, 2008Pretraining principle:People learn better when they receive pretraining on



each component rather than no pretraining.What's it all about. We learn more effectively when we knowwhat we should be learning.

Without effective pre-training it's like being lost and onasking the way, being told, "Well if I'd have been goingthere, I wouldn't have started from here!"Posted by Bus stop No comments:

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Ten Principles of Multimedia Learning (Mayer)