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NI SOC
Petr oleum Engineering
Applications of Temperature Measurements in
Production Loggingn ro uc ory
Z. Dastkhan
Jan 2010
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Applicat ions of Temperatur e Measurement in Product ion Logging
Analysis
. as an
History of Production Logging
The earliest production logs consisted of temperature logs
(1930s) and flowmeters (1940s), to which were soon added fluid-.
-
were gradually improved by the development of radioactivetracer
logs and improvement to the basic spinner flowmeter.
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Applicat ions of Temperatur e Measurement in Product ion Logging
Analysis
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Applications of Production Logging
During Subsequent Product ion or I nj ect ionLost-Circulation
ZonesWell-Kick Source & underground BlowoutsCement To s
During Workover OperationsCement Bond Quality/IntegrityGravel
Pack QualityPerforation Location & Performance
Flow ProfileInterval IsolationReasons for Anomalous Rate
Changes
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Applicat ions of Temperatur e Measurement in Product ion Logging
Analysis
. as an
Production Logging Tool (PLT)
Spinner Flowmeter Tool
High Resolution Pressure Gauge
Fluid Density Tool
Fluid Capacitance Tool (dielectric constant measurement)
Temperature Log Noise Log
Radioactive Tracer Log
Casing Corrosion Logs
erma ecay me og - a ura on on or ng
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Applicat ions of Temperatur e Measurement in Product ion Logging
Analysis
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PLT Temperature Log
In production logging, temperature logs are the center of
our universe. They are always correct, althoughsometimes hard to
inter ret b themselves.
Temperature logs are run in wells to locate productionsources,
gas and liquid entry points, locating
channels,and evaluation of mechanical integrity of
wellcompletion. It also provides temperature information forPVT e
uations and charts.
Temperature is the only quantity that can be easily
and accuratel measured in the wellbore.
Typical temperature tool
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Applicat ions of Temperatur e Measurement in Product ion Logging
Analysis
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Temperature Measurement
Most temperature tools work on a similar principle, utilizing
the
varying electrical conductivity of a thin wire that accompaniesc
anges n am en empera ure.In the standard the variations in
resistance of a platinum resistorare measured using a Wheatstone
bridge.
Absolute accuracy is not so good (typically 3 F), but its
resolution is very high (0.05 F)
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Applicat ions of Temperatur e Measurement in Product ion Logging
Analysis
. as an
Platinum Resistance Thermometer
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Applicat ions of Temperatur e Measurement in Product ion Logging
Analysis
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Joule-Thomson Effect
The change in temperature when the gas is expanded fastand no
heat is transferred (adiabatic).
T
H
JT
P
, , ,and gas is cooled.
JT
For natural gas (mainly methane), the inversion point intypical
reservoir temperature is 7300 psi.
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Applicat ions of Temperatur e Measurement in Product ion Logging
Analysis
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Tem erat ure Prof i le in Wel l
ow ng on on
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Applicat ions of Temperatur e Measurement in Product ion Logging
Analysis
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I nt erpret at ion of Temperature Logs
Liquid entry point
Hi her tem erature of fluid
coming out from formation
Liquid entry point
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Applicat ions of Temperatur e Measurement in Product ion Logging
Analysis
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I nt erpret at ion of Temperature Logs
Gas entry point
Gas expansion and production
Cooling effect due toJoule-Thomson effect
Gas expansion
1111
Lower permeability results in more pressuredrop, therefore more
cooling occurs.
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Applicat ions of Temperatur e Measurement in Product ion Logging
Analysis
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I nt erpret at ion of Temperature Logs
Liquid flow behind
Heating occurs somewheree ow en ry po n .
Liquid entry point
Flowing point
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Applicat ions of Temperatur e Measurement in Product ion Logging
Analysis
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I nt erpretat ion of Temperature Logs
Gas flow and expansion
behind casing
Cooling occurs somewherebelow entry point.
Gas entry point
Expansion point
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Applicat ions of Temperatur e Measurement in Product ion Logging
Analysis
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Role of Temperature Log inProduct ion Log I nt erpretat ion
Temperature Log
Channel CheckNo Flow Shot
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