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TELECOMMUNICATION & TELECOMMUNICATION & NETWORK APPLICATIONSNETWORK APPLICATIONSPART 2PART 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Benefits of telecommunication networks in business
Networking basics: Architecture, Topology, Protocols, Media
Network applications
COMPUTER NETWORKS
• Connected computers
• Size of Computer Networks
• Mobile Computing• Types of Networks
TOPOLOGY
Ring Network
Star Network
Bus Network
Hybrid Network
COMPUTER NETWORKINGCentralized Computing
• Terminals and MainframeDistributed Computing
• Many computers process one taskCollaborative Computing
• Network computers process one task
CENTRALIZED COMPUTING
DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
COLLABORATIVE COMPUTING
Network Computers
Computer Networks
NETWORK HARDWARE• Transmission Media Connectors
• Network interface card (NIC)
• Modems (MOdulator/DEModulator)
• Repeaters
• Hubs
• Bridges
• Multiplexers
• Routers
• Brouters (bridge routers)
• Channel service units
• Gateways
COMMUNICATIONS MEDIATwisted-pair wire
Coaxial cable
Fiber optics
Wire Media
WIRELESS MEDIA Infrared line of sight High-frequency radio
• Pager – one way wireless• Cellular phone – two way wireless• Wireless LANs
Microwave
• Terrestrial• Satellite
Wireless Media
Wireless Media
TRANSMISSION MEDIA
The pathway to send data and information between two or more entities on a network
Bandwidth – transmission capacity (Mbps Megabits per second), Narrowband, Broadband
Attenuation – weakening of a signal over distance EMI – electromagnetic interference from weather or other
electronic signals
TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGIESIntegrated Services Digital Network
Digital Subscriber Line
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Synchronous Optical Network
T-Carrier System
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIESWireless devices
• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): standard enables wireless devices to access the Web
• Micro-browsers for hand-held devices
Wireless transmission media
CAPABILITIES OF WIRELESS DEVICESCellular telephony E-mail access
Bluetooth service Short messages
Wi-Fi Instant messaging
Digital camera Text messaging
GPS
Organizer MP2 music player
Scheduler Video player
Address book Internet access
Calculator QWERTY keyboard
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIAMicrowave Transmission
Satellite transmission
• Geostationary Orbit (GEO)• Middle Earth Orbit (MEO)• Low Earth Orbit (LEO)• Global Positioning System (GPS)• Internet Over Satellite (IOS)
WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
Short range wireless networks: Bluetooth generally have a range of 100 feet or less.
Medium range wireless networks: Wi-fi Medium-range wireless networks are the familiar wireless local area networks (WLANs).
Wide area wireless networks The most common type of medium-range wireless network is Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi).
Wide-area wireless networks connect users to each other and to the Internet over geographically dispersed distances.
WIRELESS SECURITY Four major threats
Rogue access point – set up by insiders is an unauthorized access point to a wireless network.
War driving – intruders to network zone and is the act of locating WLANs while driving around a city or elsewhere.
Eavesdropping – unauthorized access to transmitting data and refers to efforts by unauthorized users to try to access data traveling over wireless networks.
RF (Radio frequency) jamming – interfere with transmission
RF (Radio frequency) jamming: is when a person or a device intentionally or unintentionally interferes with your wireless network transmissions.
SECURITYSSL Certificate - An electronic document that confirms the identity of a website or server and verifies that a public key belongs to a trustworthy individual or company
Secure hypertext transfer protocol (SHTTP or HTTPS) - A combination of HTTP and SSL to provide encryption and secure identification of an Internet server
NETWORK APPLICATIONSDiscovery
Communications
Collaboration
Web services
NETWORK APPLICATIONS : DISCOVERY
Search engines: Google, Yahoo, …Meta-search engines: many search engines
function at onceMaterial in foreign languages: Google, AltavistaPortals: gateways to Internet info = Commercial
(public), Affinity (specific-interest) portals, Corporate portals, Industry wide.
Discovery allows users to browse and search data sources, in all topic areas,on the Web.
NETWORK APPLICATIONS : COMMUNICATION
Web-based call centers
Electronic chat rooms
Voice communication: VoIP
Unified communication
Electronic mail (e-mail) is the largest-volume application running on the Internet.Web-based call centers (customer call center) are services that provide effective personalize customer contact as an imporant part of Web-based customer support.Electronic chat room is a virtual meeting place where groups of regulars come to “gab”.
UNIFIED COMMUNICATIONS
Unified communications simplifies and integrates all forms of communications – voice, voice mail, fax, chat, e-mail, instant messaging, short message service,presence (location) services, and videoconferencing – on a common hardwareand software platform.
NETWORK APPLICATIONS : COLLABORATION
Work group and Virtual group (team)
Virtual collaboration / e-collaboration
Workflow technologies
Groupware
Teleconferencing
Videoconference
Web conferencing
Real-time collaboration tools
Virtual collaboration is the use of digital technologies that enable organizations or individuals to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage and research products, services and innovative applications.Workflow technologies facilitate the movement of information as it flows through the sequence of steps that make up an organization’s work procedures. Includes workflow management and workflow systems.Groupware refers to software products that support groups of people who share a common task or goal and who collaborate to accomplish it.
Teleconferencing is the use of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to hold a simultaneous conference.Videoconference is when participants in one location can see participants at other locations and share data, voice, pictures, graphics and animation by electronic means.Web conferencing is videoconferencing conducted over the Internet.Real-time collaboration tools support synchronous communication of graphical and text-based information i.e. computer-based whiteboards.
WEB 1.0 VS. WEB 2.0
MARKET VALUE OF VARIOUS WEB 2.0 COMPANIES
TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB 2.0AJAX: reload portion of web-page
Tagging: describing keyword
Blogging: personal website
Wiki: anyone can post, edit materials
Really Simple Syndication (RSS): users can customize information
Podcasts / Videocasts: digital audio/video files posted on Internet
CATEGORIES OF WEB 2.0 SITES
Social Networking Sites - display content upload by users: MySpace, Flickr, YouTube, LinkdIn …
Aggregators - provide collections of content from the Web in a new format
Mash-ups – mix and match available contents on the Web to create new content
Social Networking Sites: Allow users to upload their content to the web in the form of text, voice, images, and video.Aggregators: Provide a collection of content from the web (e.g., Technorati, Digg, Simple thred).Mashups: A web site that takes content from a number of other web sites and mixes them together to create a new kind of content (e.g., SkiBonk, Healthmap, ChicagoCrime)
THANKYOU