Development Of Irrigation Project in India

Name of Speaker : Parekh Tejas P. Regi. No : 08-00007-2008 14thJuly 2009.

IntroductionAgriculture is the backbone of our

national economy. It is among the key factors which has moulded the evolution of various civilizations. Water is a precious gift of nature to mankind and it is one of the essential elements to sustain life and important input in socio-economic development of country.

Irrigation has always been central pillar of the agriculture development. Invention of the irrigation as a dependable and efficient means for increasing food production from limited land resources.

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Definition

Irrigation generally is defined as the application of the water to soil for the purpose of supplying the moisture essential for plant growth

Objective of the irrigation project

Basic objective of the irrigation project is to improve productivity of the land for agricultural produce with scientific application of water.

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Benefits of the irrigation project - It is essentially a vehicle for taking water of

rivers, which is today flowing down the sea. - At the time of monsoon month, water flows

down to sea but it can store water and can be used when we need.

- It is reserve massive amount of water that can be used for purpose of irrigation

- It provide irrigation and also increase the water table of near area.

- It prevent flooding during the raining season. - It is generate cheap electricity from renewable

source water

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Milestones in the development of irrigation in India

Ancient period Medieval period Modern period

Source :Bageli.K.S,(1995) ; Irrigation In India,Page:12-19. 4

Ancient periodPeriod Events Pre-Historic period Use of canals & bundhs by the people of the Indus

valley civilization.

Vedic period Canal irrigation was in practice.

Buddhist Period Canals, dams & embankments were in use.Different types of agriculture taxes were fixed for the cultivators.

Gupta Era Canals irrigation & embankments were much in practice.

Chola Era Chola kings developed advanced irrigation system in their kingdomTanks took place under their rule.

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Medieval periodPeriod Event Muhammad Bin Tug lag

He was the one to do something for the developed some policy which encouraged farmers to dig wells.

Feroze shah He helped in extending irrigation facilities in vast unirrigated dry land of north IndiaMost remarkable one is the construction of western yamuna canal.

Babar He developed wells & tanks for irrigation purpose.

Shahjahan Shajahan construction hasli canal which was 177 km long & panjab was largely benefited from this canal.

Muhammad shah He constructed yamuna canal which irrigated a large section of unirrigated dry area in north India.

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Modern period

Period Event

Hasting’s Tenure He renovated western yamuna canal which extending irrigation benefit to a larger area.

Sir Auckland’s Tenure

He constructed the ganga canal project.

Ear of Mago’s Tenure

Sardar canal was constructed which provide irrigation water to U.P under his supervision.He constructed irrigation canals in Aligath & Orissa.He introduced compulsory water tax for the local users.

Ripon’s Tenure Srihind canal, lower ganga canal project & betwa canal constructed under his supervision.

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Dantiwada project

Dantiwada dam is located on the banas river in banaskantha districts

The dam is 61 m high. The aim behind building the dam was

food control and providing water for irrigation in nearest area.

The reservoir encompasses an area of about 40.59 k.m.Canal provides irrigation water to area of banaskantha and patan districts and also provides water to farms of sardarkrusinagar agricultural university.

IRRIGATION PROJECT IN GUJARAT

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No project River Place District Irrigates land (ha)

1 Dantiwada dam

Banas Dantiwada Banaskantha 45,000

2 Dharoi dam Sabarmati Dharoi Mehsana 48,000

3 Meshvo dam Meshvo Shamlaji Sabarkantha 2,48,000

4 Hatmati dam Hatmati Fatepur Sabarkantha 37,000

5 Sarsvati dam Sarsvati - Mehsana 9,700

Major irrigation project in Gujarat

1. North Gujarat

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No project River Place District Irrigates land (ha)

1 Vanakbori dam

Mahi Vanakbori Kheda 1,86,000

2 kadana Mahi kadana panchmahal 3,757

2. Central Gujarat

3. Saurashtra

No project River Place District Irrigates land (ha)

1 Bhadar dam

Bhadar Gomeda Rajkot 17,200

2 Shetrunji dam

Shetrunji Rajshthli Bhavanagar 34,000

3 khodiyar Shetrunji khodiyar Amreli 8,000

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No project River Place District Irrigates land (ha)

1 Ukai dam Tapi Ukai Surat 1,58,000

2 Kakrapar dam Tapi Kakrapar Surat 3,757

4. South Gujarat

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Sardar sarovar project at glance

Location Navagam, Dis:Bharuch, Gujarat.

River Narmada

Height 136.5m

Reservoir 37,690 ha

Main canal length 440 km

Command area 21.239 lakh ha

Direct benefit Irrigation : 17.938 haIncrease in agril. Production : 82.0 lakh tones

The SSP is a multi-purpose interstate project of four state (Gujarat, Maharastra, Rajasthan & Madhya Pradesh)

Irrigation: 730 km² in the arid areas of Barmer and Jalore districts of Rajasthan.

Source : http:// www.sardarsarovardam.org 12

Benefits from Sardar Sarovar project

The SSP will provides irrigation facilities to 18 lakh ha of land covering 3,112 villages of 73 talukas in 15 districts of Gujarat.

By implementation of SSP, crop production will be increased than existing production level.

Due to large reservoir, it will be developed fisheries industry.

It will also provides flood protection to 210 villages, Bharuch city and population of 4 lakh of Gujarat.

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Command area under SDAU jurisdiction

• Out of 18 lakh ha command area of SSP, about 5.75 lakh ha area comes under the jurisdiction of S.D.A.University.

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District and Taluka wise proposed command area under SDAU jurisdiction

S.N Name of district Name of taluka Command area(ha)

No.of villages benifited

1 BanaskanthaKankrejDeodarBhabharVavTharad

1,89,5612,71598430,76480,99374,105

232

2 MehsanaKadiMehsanaBechraji

40,79118,0381,62421,129

119

3 PatanChanasmaHarijSamiRadhanpurSantalpur

2,16,5266,01622,29991,90060,86535,446

267

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4 GandhinagarDehghamGandhinagarKalol

14,4647,3712726,821

231

5 KutchRaparBhachauGandhidhamAnjarMundraBhujMandavi

1,12,77838,56125,9354,13413,36718,2401,34311,198

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Total 5,74,120 845

Source : Patel.A.M, Associate Director Of Research, S.D.A.U. 16

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Sujalam Sufalam yojana

Sujalam sufalam yojana having length of 280 km from Kadana dam to Banas river.

Distributes flood water.

4 lakh hectares land of North Gujarat, South Gujarat and Kutch will get benefits of irrigation.

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Nagarjuna sagar dam

Official name Nagarjuna Sagar Dam

River Krishna River

Location Andhra Pradesh, India

Length 1,450 meters (4,757 ft)

Height 124 meters (407 ft) from river level

Capacity 11,472 million cubic meters

Catchment area

2,15,000 km²

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Irrigation project in South India

Nagarjuna Right Canal

• It is known as Jawahar canal which is 203 km long & irrigates 1.113 million acres of land.

Nagarjuna left canal

• It is known as Lalbahadur Shastri canal which is 249 km long & irrigates 1.03 million acres of land.

Both canals provides irrigation water to Nalgonda, Prakasam, Khammam & Guntur districts of Andra Pradesh

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Bhavanisagar irrigation project

River Bhavani River

Height 32 meters

Capacity 32.8 tmcft

The dam is used to divert water to the Lower Bhavani Project Canal.

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The lower Bhavani project canal It is a 125 mile long irrigation canal.

It irrigates 2.07 lakh hectares land of erode and karur districts of Tamilnadu.

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The Tungabhadra project

Official name Tungabhadra dam

River Tungabhadra

Location Hosapete in karnataka

Length 2448 m

Height 49.38 m

Capacity 135 tmcft

• This project is a joint venture of the Karnataka & Andra Pradesh

• The project is consists of three canals.

- The lower level canal

- The left bank level canal

- The high level canal

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Canal The lower level canal

The left bank canal

The high bank canal

length 349 km 225 km 196 km

Provide irrigation to land

97,566 ha 3 lakh ha 10,900 ha

Area Both state. Bellary & raichar districts in karnataka

Karod & cuddaph districts in A.P

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Irrigation project in Maharashtra

Ujani Project

Official name

Ujani dam

River Bhima river

Location Ujjani, solapur district.

Capacity 1517 GL

• The project provides irrigation water to the Solapur district (Maharashtra) and Bijapur district (Karnataka). •Local irrigation helps support sugarcane, an important irrigated cash crop, as well as rice and sorghum

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Koyana project

Official name Koyana dam

River Koyna river

Location Koyna nagar

Length 1808 m

Height 85.35 m

•Koyna Dam is one of the largest dam in Maharashtra.

•The dam supplies irrigation water to western Maharashtra

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Bhakra nangal irrigation project

Official name Bhakra dam

River Sutlej river

Location Bhakra river at Panjab and Himachal Pradesh border

Length 518.25 m

Height 225.55 m (740 ft)

•The dam was constructed with an aim to provide irrigation to the Punjab and Himachal Pradesh

•The dam provides irrigation to 10 million acres (40,000 km²) of fields in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi and Rajasthan

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Indira Gandhi Canal Project

It uses water released from Pong dam.

It runs south-southwest in Punjab and Hariyana but mainly in Rajasthan for total 650 kilometers and ends near Jaisalmer in Rajasthan.

It consists of Rajasthan feeder canal (with the first 167 km in Punjab and Haryana and the remaining 483 km in Rajasthan main canal entirely in Rajasthan.

It is built with the aim to convert the part of Thar desert from wasteland to agriculturally productive area.

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Green revolution in Rajasthan IGNP covers seven districts of Rajasthan: Barmer,

Bikaner, Churu, Hanumangarh, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, and Sriganganagar.

After destruction of Indira Gandhi Canal, irrigation facilities would be available in an area of 6770 km² in Jaisalmer district and 37 km² in Barmer district.

The canal has transformed the barren deserts of Jaisalmer district into rich and lush fields.

Crops of mustard, cotton, and wheat now flourish in the semi-arid western region of the state where nothing but sand ruled the roost for years.

Indira Gandhi canal has transformed northern part of Arid Rajasthan into Green and Granary

It seems to be changing the face of Rajasthan's deserts.'

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Rajghat irrigation projectRiver Betwa river

Location Lalitpur in U.P

Length 562.50 m

Height 43.8 m

Maintained by Water Resources Department, Madhya Pradesh

•The project will provide irrigation to 1,380 square kilometres of land in Uttar Pradesh and 1,210 square kilometres in Madhya Pradesh.

•The Rajghat Dam Project is serve as mother storage for Irrigation in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh

•The costs and benefits of the project are to be shared by these two States equally.

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Mayurakshi project.

Official name Massanjore Dam

River Mayurakshi River (Mor river)

Location Dumka, Jharkhand

Length 2,170 feet (660 m)

Height 155 feet (47 m)

Capacity 500,000 acre feet

•Massanjore dam has ensured irrigation of some 600,000 acres of land in Westbegal, Jharkhand & Bihar.

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Irrigation project in India by IFAD Some projects approved by IFAD (International

Fund for Agriculture Development) for india were for irrigation and command area development and all were cofinaced with world bank.

These project are1. M.P medium irrigation project.2. U.P public tubewell project.

source :http:// www.ifad.org & http:// www.enrap.org.in 33

1. M.P Medium Irrigation Project.

Project Type Irrigation.

Total Cost USD 232.1 million.

Project financiers IFAD and the World Bank.

IFAD Loan USD 25 million.

Direct Beneficiaries 180,000 rural poor people.

Project goals and Objectives: To construct or complete construction of a number of medium irrigation projects in the state in order to increase the success of irrigated agriculture. The objective of the project, was to reduce poverty and improve living conditions among rural poor people. 

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2. U.P Public Tubewell ProjectProject Type Agriculture

Total Cost USD 2176 million

Project financiers IFAD and the World Bank

IFAD Loan USD 35.3 million

Direct Beneficiaries

2.2 million rural poor people

Project Area 56 districts in U.P

Project goals and Objectives: To reduce poverty and create rural employment through improved agricultural production resulting from development of public tube wells

Components of project • Improved public tube well systems.• Research and development • Agricultural development

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Development of Irrigation Project

In 1951

16%

In 2002

67%

Potential Created as % of Ultimate Irrigation Potential

Achievements

Source : Aseelan.R.J, former Chairman, Central Water Commission, India. 36

Demands of Various Sectors

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1997 2010 2025 2050

Dem

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Irrigation

Domestic

Industries

Power

Future Scenario

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Demands of Irrigation (in %)

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1997 2010 2025 2050

Irrigation

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What about the people with no water?What about the people with no water?

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But…..But…..

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Conclusion Finally it is concluded that due to such

irrigation project, it is possible to turn arid Lands into highly productive land.

Irrigation project is very useful because it increase food production, generate employment and cheap electricity, alleviate poverty and most importantly protect us from the flood.

In future, our country’s population will be increase so we shall have Additional people in our food basket. This can be only possible by creating more bhakara nangals, sardar sarovars.

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