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Technology Transfer for Cocoa Farmers in VietnamCocoa Association of Asia - Vietnam Project in collaboration
with Nong Lam University
Pham HD Phuoc
Introduction
COCOA IN VIETNAM:• New crop (compared with others): Less information, few good cocoa
farmers• Different from others perennial crops that already familiar to farmers:
• Flowers are formed on the trunk and branches vs fruits on the top of new branches• Flowers/fruit setting: All year round vs seasonal • High potassium content in the pod
• Perennial crops:• Establishment phase: # 3 – 4 years• Production phase: 4 – 5 years after planting
• Introduced by NGO/PRIVATE sectors via short term projects: 2 – 4 years
Flowering/Fruit setting:
Fertilizer:
Pruning:
VS
COCOA OTHER CROPS
Problems
• Cocoa farmers depended on the project that only lasted a few years. When the project terminated, technology could not be transferred to farmers on time.
• Short term projects: Shortage of knowledge /techniques in production phase for farmers knowledge• Pruning: Botany of cauliflory• Fertilizer: Frequency of application; formula; quantity.• Pests and diseases: On pods
• Quality of Training Facilitators (TF)
• Using cultural managements of other crops to apply on cocoa (a cauliflory):
Survey
• Low cocoa yield
• Cocoa farmers go to familiar/high value crops: Pomelo, durian, black pepper, coffee
• Technique package is available. Problem is to transfer this package to cocoa farmers
• Transfer technology: Not effective
• Farmers: Lacking of confidence in practicing different cultural managements, especially pruning
P Problems:Fertilizers
• FertilizersFormula:
• 16-16-8
• 18-46-0 (DAP)
• 20-20-25
Problems: Pruning
Too much pruningNo pruning
Problems: Pests and diseases controlHelopeltis theivora
Life cycle: 16 – 27 days
CAA project
Objective:
To increase productivity of mature cocoa farms while maintaining quality.
Activities
• Setting up demonstration on existing farms
• Recruiting /training quality TFs• Working directly with individual farmer
• Training• Content
• Pruning• Fertilizer• Pest and disease control • Post harvest technology
• Mass training• Individual training
• Brochure
Brochure
Field Facilitators
Setting up demonstrations
Setting up demonstrations
Mass training
Individual training
Individual training
Prunning PrincipleTo ensure good ventilation and excessive vegetation (water shoots, overlapping leaves). This will improve yield, allow easy harvesting, and reduce pest and disease incidences.
Correctly prunned trees with good ventilation
Over-prunned trees with burnt leaves
Fertilizers
FORMULA
FREQUENCY OF APPLICATION
QUANTIY
METHOD OF APPLICATION
INTERGRATED DISEASE MANAGEMENT
PATHOGEN
Field sanitation Removing Termite/ant tentsMulchingBio control (Trichoderma)Trunk injection‘’’
ENVIRONMENTMulchingSoil moistureOrganic fertilizerVentilationControlling shade tree…
HOSTSResistant clonesTree healthArchitecture of the tree…
Post harvest technology
- Box fermentation
- Sun drying
- Reducing sugar content in mucilage
Mass media
Results
• Locations: • Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Dong Nai and Baria-Vung Tau• 3 demonstrations• 4 TFs
• Training:• Mass: 1000 farmers• Individual: 100 farmers
• Brochure
• Yield: > 1.5 ton/ha
• Few involved cocoa farmers move to other crops
THANK YOU!