Technology Final ReviewTechnology Final Review

What is Technology?What is Technology?

The process by which humans modify The process by which humans modify nature to meet their needs and wants.nature to meet their needs and wants.

Engineering Design ProcessEngineering Design Process

1.1. Identify the problemIdentify the problem

2.2. Set goalsSet goals

3.3. Gather InformationGather Information

4.4. Define Alternative SolutionsDefine Alternative Solutions

5.5. Select the best solutionSelect the best solution

6.6. Implement the SolutionImplement the Solution

Technology Systems ModelTechnology Systems Model

INPUTINPUTThe The

command command we give we give

the systemthe system

INPUTINPUTThe The

command command we give we give

the systemthe system

PROCESSPROCESSThe action partThe action part

7 Resources – People, Information, 7 Resources – People, Information, Materials, Tools and Machines, Capital, Materials, Tools and Machines, Capital,

Energy, TimeEnergy, Time

PROCESSPROCESSThe action partThe action part

7 Resources – People, Information, 7 Resources – People, Information, Materials, Tools and Machines, Capital, Materials, Tools and Machines, Capital,

Energy, TimeEnergy, Time

OUTPUTOUTPUT4 Types:4 Types:

OUTPUTOUTPUT4 Types:4 Types:

FEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACK

Expected and desiredExpected and undesiredUnexpected and desiredEnexpected and undesired

7 Resources7 Resources

People:People: Creators and users of technologyCreators and users of technology Provide labor, knowledge and skillProvide labor, knowledge and skill

Information:Information: Knowing what to do and how to do it. Knowing what to do and how to do it.

7 Resources7 Resources

Tools and Machines:Tools and Machines: Tools: extend human capabilitiesTools: extend human capabilities Machines: change the amount, speed or Machines: change the amount, speed or

direction of forcedirection of force

CapitalCapital Any form of wealthAny form of wealth

7 Resources7 Resources

Time:Time: A unit measure for seconds, minutes, days, A unit measure for seconds, minutes, days,

etcetc

MaterialsMaterials The stuff the stuff is made from. (i.e. wood, The stuff the stuff is made from. (i.e. wood,

metals, ceramics)metals, ceramics)

EnergyEnergy The ability to do work.The ability to do work.

MaterialsMaterials

PropertiesProperties Strength – tension, compression, torsion, Strength – tension, compression, torsion,

shearshear ElasticityElasticity HardnessHardness FatigueFatigue

Types of MaterialsTypes of Materials

Wood:Wood: Hardwood : tree that loses its leavesHardwood : tree that loses its leaves Softwood: coniferous treesSoftwood: coniferous trees

Plastics: synthetic material in long polymer Plastics: synthetic material in long polymer chainschains Thermoplastic: formed using heat and Thermoplastic: formed using heat and

pressurepressure Thermoset: heated and formed once.Thermoset: heated and formed once.

Types of MaterialsTypes of Materials

Metals: organic elements from the EarthMetals: organic elements from the Earth

Alloys: mixture of two or more metalsAlloys: mixture of two or more metals Tin and copper = bronzeTin and copper = bronze

Types of MaterialsTypes of Materials

Ceramics: Ceramics: inorganic, nonmetallic minerals like clay, sand inorganic, nonmetallic minerals like clay, sand

and quartzand quartz

Composites:Composites: Combining two or more materials to make a Combining two or more materials to make a

material better than the originalmaterial better than the original

Materials ProcessingMaterials Processing

Separating Separating CombiningCombining FormingForming ConditioningConditioning

SeparatingSeparating

Removing pieces of materialRemoving pieces of material Chip producing and chiplessChip producing and chipless ExamplesExamples

SawingSawing ShearingShearing DrillingDrilling GrindingGrinding

CombiningCombining

Joining materials togetherJoining materials together MechanicalMechanical

Screws, nails, staples.Screws, nails, staples.

ChemicalChemical GluingGluing

HeatHeat weldingwelding

FormingForming

Changing the shape of the materialChanging the shape of the material BendingBending Casting – making jello or ice cubesCasting – making jello or ice cubes Forging – hammering into shapeForging – hammering into shape Extruding – squeeze through a die like Extruding – squeeze through a die like

toothpaste from a tubetoothpaste from a tube

ConditioningConditioning

Changing the internal structure of the Changing the internal structure of the materialmaterial Baking cookies or cakesBaking cookies or cakes HardeningHardening TemperingTempering AnnealingAnnealing

FinishingFinishing

Adding a protective coating to exterior of Adding a protective coating to exterior of the product.the product.

EnergyEnergy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be changed from one form to but can be changed from one form to anotheranother

Potential: energy at restPotential: energy at rest

Kinetic: energy in motionKinetic: energy in motion

Forms of EnergyForms of Energy

Mechanical: energy of motionMechanical: energy of motion Thermal: heat energyThermal: heat energy Electrical: flow of electronsElectrical: flow of electrons Chemical: energy from a chemical reactionChemical: energy from a chemical reaction Nuclear: splitting or fusing atomsNuclear: splitting or fusing atoms Light (Radiant): energy from photons like Light (Radiant): energy from photons like

the sunthe sun

EnergyEnergy

Renewable: energy from things that can Renewable: energy from things that can be grown and replacedbe grown and replaced

Non-Renewable: Fossil fuelsNon-Renewable: Fossil fuels

Alternative EnergyAlternative Energy

Solar : energy from the sunSolar : energy from the sun Wind:Wind: HydroelectricHydroelectric GeothermalGeothermal TidalTidal BioMassBioMass

Newtons Laws of MotionNewtons Laws of Motion

11stst Law – Inertia Law – Inertia An object at rest will stay at rest, and an An object at rest will stay at rest, and an

object in motion will stay in motion, unless object in motion will stay in motion, unless acted upon by an unbalanced forceacted upon by an unbalanced force

Newton’s Laws of MotionNewton’s Laws of Motion

22ndnd Law – Law –

F=MAF=MA

Force = Mass x AccelerationForce = Mass x Acceleration

Newton’s Laws of MotionNewton’s Laws of Motion

Newton’s 3Newton’s 3rdrd Law Law For every action there is an equal, and For every action there is an equal, and

opposite reaction.opposite reaction.

ForcesForces

Tension: pulling forceTension: pulling force Compression: squeezing forceCompression: squeezing force Torsion: twisting forceTorsion: twisting force Shear: cutting forceShear: cutting force

Simple MachinesSimple Machines

WedgeWedge Inclined PlaneInclined Plane ScrewScrew Wheel and AxleWheel and Axle LeverLever PulleyPulley

Types of LeversTypes of Levers

Types of LeversTypes of Levers

Types of LeversTypes of Levers