Technical Information regarding test methods and ... · BAM-TI Test methods Cat4 6 4.3 Net explosive content The net explosive content is not limited. If the net explosive contend

BAM II.32 Version 9 / 13.11.2009

Technical Information regarding test methods and requirements within the certification procedures for

Pyrotechnic Articles – Fireworks, Category 4

applied by

BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

Edition 4/2009

Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Division II.3 - Explosives Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin

BAM-TI Test methods Cat4

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Contents Page

1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................4 2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................4 3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................4 4 Requirements .........................................................................................................................................5 4.1 Construction...........................................................................................................................................5 4.1.1 Means of ignition ...................................................................................................................................5 4.1.2 Protection of initial fuse........................................................................................................................5 4.2 Integrity...................................................................................................................................................5 4.3 Net explosive content............................................................................................................................6 4.4 Performance...........................................................................................................................................6 4.4.1 Initial fuse ...............................................................................................................................................6 4.4.2 Principal effects .....................................................................................................................................6 4.4.3 Functioning ............................................................................................................................................6 4.4.4 Height of explosion and bursting (if applicable) ................................................................................6 4.4.5 Burning matter .......................................................................................................................................6 5 Minimum labelling requirements..........................................................................................................6 6 Test environment...................................................................................................................................7 7 Apparatus ...............................................................................................................................................8 7.1 Timing device .........................................................................................................................................8 7.1.1 Timing device, capable of being read to the nearest 0,1 s................................................................8 7.1.2 Timing device, capable of being read to the nearest 1 min. .............................................................8 7.2 Calliper....................................................................................................................................................8 7.3 Ruler........................................................................................................................................................8 7.4 Measuring tape.......................................................................................................................................8 7.5 Wind speed meter..................................................................................................................................8 7.6 Balance ...................................................................................................................................................8 7.6.1 Balance, read to 0,1 g............................................................................................................................8 7.6.2 Balance, read to 0,01 g..........................................................................................................................8 7.6.3 Balance, read to 0,001 g........................................................................................................................8 7.7 Temperature chamber ...........................................................................................................................8 7.8 Sound level meter..................................................................................................................................9 7.9 Shock apparatus....................................................................................................................................9 7.10 Goniometer.............................................................................................................................................9 7.11 Transparent type size sheet .................................................................................................................9 7.12 Devices for measuring of Effect-, Rising/Bursting-, Drop Height.....................................................9 7.13 Device for measuring wind speed (and direction) .............................................................................9 8 Methods of tests ................................................................................................................................. 10 8.1 Design-Verification, Construction and stability .............................................................................. 10 8.1.1 Outer dimension of item .................................................................................................................... 10 8.1.2 Determination of calibre..................................................................................................................... 10 8.1.3 Attachment of sealing paper, ignition head or friction head ......................................................... 10 8.1.4 Determination of gross mass ............................................................................................................ 10 8.1.5 Conformity to drawings and part lists.............................................................................................. 10 8.2 Pyrotechnic composition................................................................................................................... 10 8.2.1 Determination of net explosive content (if necessary) ................................................................... 11 8.2.2 Apparatus ............................................................................................................................................ 11 8.2.3 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 11 8.3 Angle of ascent and height of effects............................................................................................... 12 8.3.1 Apparatus ............................................................................................................................................ 12 8.3.2 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 12 8.4 Measurement of sound pressure level (if necessary)..................................................................... 13 8.4.1 Apparatus ............................................................................................................................................ 13


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8.4.2 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................13 8.5 Timing measurement (if necessary) ..................................................................................................13 8.5.1 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................13 8.5.2 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................13 8.6 Measuring of labelling.........................................................................................................................14 8.6.1 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................14 8.6.2 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................14 8.7 Extinguishing of flames (if necessary)..............................................................................................14 8.7.1 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................14 8.7.2 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................14 8.8 Projected debris (if necessary) ..........................................................................................................14 8.8.1 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................14 8.8.2 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................14 8.9 Incandescent matter............................................................................................................................15 8.10 Visual and audible inspections..........................................................................................................15 8.11 Mechanical conditioning ....................................................................................................................15 8.11.1 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................15 8.11.2 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................15 8.12 Thermal conditioning..........................................................................................................................15 8.12.1 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................15 8.12.2 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................15 8.13 Function test ........................................................................................................................................16 8.13.1 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................16 8.13.2 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................16 Annex A Type testing.......................................................................................................................................18 A.1 General .................................................................................................................................................18 A.2 Number of fireworks category 4 to be tested ...................................................................................18 A.3 Thermal conditioning..........................................................................................................................20 A.4 Mechanical conditioning ....................................................................................................................20 A.5 Loose pyrotechnic composition ........................................................................................................20 A.6 Test report............................................................................................................................................20 Annex B Batch testing .....................................................................................................................................22 B.1 General .................................................................................................................................................22 B.2 Sampling plans ....................................................................................................................................22 B.3 Unit of product.....................................................................................................................................23 B.4 Nonconformities ..................................................................................................................................23 B.5 Test report............................................................................................................................................24 B.6 Acceptance or rejection of a batch....................................................................................................25 B.6.1 Nonconforming units ..........................................................................................................................25 B.6.2 Critical nonconforming units .............................................................................................................25 B.6.3 Major nonconforming units................................................................................................................26 B.6.4 Minor nonconforming units................................................................................................................26 B.6.5 Fireworks cat. 4 supplied in primary packs or selection packs .....................................................26 Annex C (informative) Mechanical Conditioning (Shock Apparatus) ........................................................27 Annex ZA...........................................................................................................................................................30


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Foreword

Since currently no harmonised standards to the Directive 2007/23/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 May 2007 on the placing on the market of pyrotechnic articles are available, BAM assesses conformity with the essential safety requirements (ESR) as set out in Annex I of the Directive by applying established test methods and criteria. This document illustrates the relevant test methods and equipments within the certification procedures for Pyrotechnic Articles – Fireworks, Category 4 applied by BAM.

1 Scope

This technical information specifies test methods for fireworks Category 4.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 61672-1, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 1: Specifications (IEC 61672-1:2002)

EN ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness) (ISO 868:2003)

EN ISO 2439, Flexible cellular polymeric materials — Determination of hardness (indentation technique) (ISO 2439:1997, including Technical Corrigendum 1:1998)

EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987)

ISO 3599, Vernier callipers reading to 0,1 and 0,05 mm

ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes — Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection.

TC 212 WI 00212059 Pyrotechnic articles — Fireworks, Categories 1, 2 and 3 — Part 5: Requirements for construction and performance

3 Terms and definitions

Rising height The rising height is the vertical distance between the location of firing and a horizontal plane either through the highest point of the trajectory of the article or through the location where the article bursts (in the case of shells). Effect height The effect height is the vertical distance between the location of firing and a horizontal plane through the highest point of the trajectory of burning pyrotechnic effects (mostly other types of articles, but also shells). Drop height The drop height is the smallest vertical distance between the location of firing and a horizontal plane through the location where pyrotechnical effects stop burning (applicable to all types of articles).


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Figure 1: Schematics of effect height, rising/bursting height, and drop height

4 Requirements

4.1 Construction

4.1.1 Means of ignition

The means of ignition (if envisioned/designed) shall be identified.

Conformity to this requirement shall be verified by visual examination.

4.1.2 Protection of initial fuse

The ignition (if envisioned/designed) shall be protected.

4.2 Integrity

There shall be no holes, splits, in the cover (if envisioned/designed). Conformity to these requirements shall be verified by visual examination.

Drop height

Rising / bursting height

Effect height


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4.3 Net explosive content

The net explosive content is not limited. If the net explosive contend exceeds the limitation for category 3, the fireworks will be assigned to category 4.

4.4 Performance

4.4.1 Initial fuse

When tested in accordance with prEN 15947-3, the ignition (if envisioned/designed) of fireworks category 4 shall be visible.

4.4.2 Principal effects

When tested the principal effect (excluding semi finished products) of the fireworks category 4 shall be the ejection of pyrotechnic units in succession, producing a series of visual and/or aural effects.

4.4.3 Functioning

When tested all pyrotechnic units of fireworks category 4 shall function.

4.4.4 Height of explosion and bursting (if applicable)

During performance tests of CAT 4 articles the rising height/point of bursting in case of shells and the height of effects in case of all other articles shall be measured and recorded.

4.4.5 Burning matter

During performance tests of CAT 4 articles the height of expiry/drop of burning or incandescent matter from the testing point shall be measured and recorded.

5 Minimum labelling requirements

According to the Directive 2007/23/EC the labelling of category 4 fireworks shall include as a minimum the following information:

• name and address of the manufacturer or, where the manufacturer is not established in the Community, the name of the manufacturer and the name and address of the importer,

• name and type of the article and the number of shots, if applicable,

• category 4,

• instructions for use,

• registration number,

• year of production,

• performance parameter for calculation of the protection distances (bursting height – for shells only, effect height, drop height ); “protection distance” deviates from the term safety distance in a way that the latter one only refers to internal operating sectors inside a company’s terrain. In most cases, protection distance equals safety distance,

• ‘for use only by persons with specialist knowledge’


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• net equivalent quantity (NEQ) of active explosive material

If the information regarding the minimum safety distance is not a single number in meter, than the following requirements as stated in “CEN-TC212-WG02_N0079_Version_for_final_vote_of_Fpr_CEN_TR_15.pdf” must be fulfilled (allowing the person with specialist knowledge to calculate the minimum safety distance):

1) “Article to be used in accordance with written instructions and national regulations.”

2) “Minimum safety distances to be determined by users using supplied product data.”

3) Relevant Product data.

b) In the written instructions, it will be stated: “Minimum Safety Distance: to be determined by user (person with specialist knowledge) with best available safety measures according to effect, performance characteristics, specific parameters and surrounding conditions.

The specified information shall be given in the language(s) of the country in which the fireworks category 4 are offered for retail sale. For each language, it shall be presented as a whole and shall not be interrupted by other text. Additional text given in another language shall not conflict with the specified information.

6 Test environment

General: The test area shall be a clean, flat, horizontal, non-compressible/-expandable, non-flammable and sound reflecting surface (for example concrete). The test sample should be placed as shown in the labelled instruction in the centre of the test area.

The test area shall be an outdoor site. If applicable, provisions shall be made at the centre of the test area for partially burying into the ground.

If applicable, insert support pole in the centre of the test area.

A means of measuring the wind speed at a height of 2,0 m above the ground shall be provided. No performance testing shall be carried out if the wind speed exceeds 5,0 m/s.

Monitoring of effect, rising/bursting and drop height

Two positions for monitoring the height of ascent and angle of flight shall be provided, at a measured distance of at least 50 m from and at an angle of 90º to each other in relation to the testing point. If the monitoring positions are not in the same horizontal plane, appropriate corrections shall be made in the calculation of heights. Generally the measuring distance should be adapted to the fireworks (height of ascent to be due).


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7 Apparatus

7.1 Timing device

7.1.1 Timing device, capable of being read to the nearest 0,1 s.

7.1.2 Timing device, capable of being read to the nearest 1 min.

7.2 Calliper

Calliper, flat faced vernier calliper reading to 0,1 mm, conforming to ISO 3599.

7.3 Ruler

Ruler, reading to 1,0 mm.

7.4 Measuring tape

Measuring tape, reading to 10 mm.

7.5 Wind speed meter

The wind speed meter should be capable to measure with accuracy of at least 0,5 m/s.

7.6 Balance

7.6.1 Balance, read to 0,1 g



7.7 Temperature chamber

Up to + 50° C ± 2,5° C


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7.8 Sound level meter

Sound level meter to class 1 of EN 61672-1 with free-field microphone.

7.9 Shock apparatus

The apparatus shall be capable of providing an impulse of at least 490 m/s² ± 50 m/s² and an impulse-duration of at least 2 ms ±0,5 ms at a frequency of 1 Hz ±0,1 Hz.

An example of an apparatus is shown in Annex C.

7.10 Goniometer

Goniometer, read to 1°

7.11 Transparent type size sheet

Check conformity to for example by comparing the type sizes on the actual label with a transparent copy made from Figure 2 (for the empty frame, use the inside). Record whether the type sizes were correct.

2.8 mm: ABC abc XYZ xyz 123

2.1 mm: ABC abc XYZ xyz 123

Figure 2 — Type sizes of print

7.12 Devices for measuring of Effect-, Rising/Bursting-, Drop Height

BAM applies two different height measuring systems: electric altimeters and a photogrammetry system consisting of two cameras with an appropriate interpretation software.

7.13 Device for measuring wind speed (and direction)

BAM applies an electrical cup anemometer and a weather vane to continuously determine the wind speed and direction.

.


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8 Methods of tests

8.1 Design-Verification, Construction and stability

8.1.1 Outer dimension of item

8.1.1.1 Apparatus

⎯ Ruler (see 7.3)

8.1.1.2 Procedure

Using the ruler to measure and record the total length of the test item to the nearest 1,0 mm.

8.1.2 Determination of calibre

8.1.2.1 Apparatus

⎯ Calliper (see 7.2)

8.1.2.2 Procedure

Using the calliper (7), measure the inside diameter of the tube at least three times at different positions to the nearest 1,0 mm.

Record the individual diameters and calculate the arithmetic mean diameter.

8.1.3 Attachment of sealing paper, ignition head or friction head

See mechanical conditioning (8.11).

8.1.4 Determination of gross mass

Use the balance (7.6), measure and record the gross mass of the item.

8.1.5 Conformity to drawings and part lists

The tested item should be in accordance with the relevant manufacturing drawing. The drawing should show any relevant component, e.g. pyrotechnic unit, with its dimensions, the masses of each pyrotechnic charge as well as the detailed pyrotechnic composition of the fireworks article.

Observe and record any nonconformity.

8.2 Pyrotechnic composition

These tests should be done for type testing to verify that the tested item is in accordance with the requirements of WI 00212059 (Pyrotechnic articles — Fireworks, Categories 1, 2 and 3 — Part 5: Requirements for construction and performance).

For batteries and combinations 3 samples of each different pyrotechnic unit shall be inspected.


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8.2.1 Determination of net explosive content (if necessary)

NOTE The total net explosive content excludes the powder weight of the initial fuses, transmitting fuses, friction or ignition heads.

8.2.2 Apparatus

⎯ Balance 0,01 g (7.6.2)

⎯ Balance 0,1 g (7.6.1)

8.2.3 Procedure

8.2.3.1 Determination by dismantling (if necessary)

Separate any pyrotechnic units and count them.

Table 1 — Accuracy of weighing

Mass of pyrotechnic composition Weigh to the nearest Using the balance

≤ 3,0 g 0,01 g 7.6.2

> 3,0 g 0,1 g 7.6.1

Weigh the pyrotechnic composition not contained in pyrotechnic unit(s). Record the mass.

If applicable, remove the pyrotechnic composition from each pyrotechnic unit, separate bursting charge, report charge and effect charge and weigh each portion. Record the mass of each portion.

8.2.3.2 Determination of forbidden substances (if necessary)

Chemical analyses towards forbidden substances according to TC 212 WI 00212059 (1 scope) with the following threshold values:

• Chlorates: ≤ 1 % in mixtures with metals, red phosphorus, potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), sulphur, and sulfides (potassium chlorate with a mass fraction of bromates greater than 0.15 %)

• Heavy metals (lead or lead compounds, arsenic or arsenic compounds, mercury compounds): ≤ 0.1 % • hexachlorobenzene: detection limit


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8.3 Angle of ascent and height of effects

8.3.1 Apparatus

Universal surveying instrument = USI (for instance theodolite) or comparable instruments: Electric altimeters and/or a photogrammetry system consisting of two cameras with an appropriate interpretation software (7.12).

8.3.2 Procedure

When determining effect height, rising/bursting height, or drop height, firing has to take place only in vertical direction, i. e. 90° from the ground. Measurements shall only take place with a wind velocity of less than 5 m/s at a height of 2,0 m above the ground. Therefore, wind speed and direction are continuously measured by an electrical cup anemometer and a weather vane (7.13). The measuring frequency is set to 1 Hz. Suitable equipment for height measurement is any kind of regular device for measuring two angles at the same time, specifically the vertical angle (0 - 90°, 1° steps) and the horizontal angle (0 - 360°, 1° steps). Measurement requires two locations which should be preferably located at 90° to each other with respect to the firing point (see Figure 3). When using a USI both angles, the vertical and the horizontal angle, have to be measured. Differences in height of the measurement locations must be taken into account.

Figure 3: Measurement set-up for shells In case of a vertical trajectory of the display shell (i. e. the horizontal angles are less than ± 2°) the effect height, rising height, and drop height h is determined from the vertical angles α1 and α2 and the base length b (distance between firing point and measurement location) through the following formula: 2,12,1 αtgbh ⋅=

With this formula it is possible to calculate the heights independently for each measurement location, this making it possible to use different base lengths. Both values are averaged. For a non-vertical trajectory the actual height is calculated according to the following formulas:


13

)cos(

sincos

21

2211 ββ

ββα+−

⋅⋅= tgbh

and

)cos(

sincos

21

1122 ββ

ββα+−

⋅⋅= tgbh

The angles β1 and β2 are the horizontal angles. In order to achieve a reasonable accuracy the distance between firing point and measurement location, referred to as base length here, has to be adjusted to the measurement device. The vertical angle should not exceed 60°; optimal would be having angles between 40° and 50°. For an expected rising height of 300 m the base length must be chosen at least 175 m, for example. Measurement of the base length should take place with an accuracy of at least ± 1% of the distance.

8.4 Measurement of sound pressure level (if necessary)

8.4.1 Apparatus

⎯ Sound level meter (7.8)

⎯ Measuring tape (7.4)

8.4.2 Procedure

Set up the microphone of the sound level meter in the test area at the required distance and at a height of 1,0 m.

Record the maximum A-weighted impulse sound pressure levels as measured by the sound level meter (7.8).

8.5 Timing measurement (if necessary)

8.5.1 Apparatus

⎯ Timing device (7.1.1)

8.5.2 Procedure

8.5.2.1 Ignition time

Remove any protection of initial fuse and ignite in accordance with the labelled instructions.

Apply the ignition source to the initial fuse and at the same instant, start the timing device (7.1.1). Stop the intermediate time at the moment the initial fuse ignites.

8.5.2.2 Initial fuse time

Initial fuse time shall be measured by using the timing device (7.1.1) and shall be recorded from the moment the initial fuse ignites to the time the firework starts to produce its preliminary effect.


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8.5.2.3 Invisible burning time

If the preliminary effect is different from the first principle effect, also measure and record the invisible burning time after the preliminary effect by using the timing device (7.1.1).

For roman candles measure and record the invisible burning time after the preliminary effect by using the timing device (7.1.1)

8.6 Measuring of labelling

8.6.1 Apparatus

⎯ Calliper (7.2)

⎯ Transparent type size sheet (7.11)

8.6.2 Procedure

Using the calliper (7.2) or the transparent type size sheet (7.11), record whether the type sizes are correct and the printing legible.

8.7 Extinguishing of flames (if necessary)

8.7.1 Apparatus

- Timing device (7.1.1)

8.7.2 Procedure

After the firework has ceased to function start the timing device (7.1.1) immediately and record the time until any flames caused by the functioning of the fireworks are extinguished.

8.8 Projected debris (if necessary)

8.8.1 Apparatus

⎯ Measuring tape (see 7.4)

8.8.2 Procedure

Record any debris that is projected laterally during functioning.

Record whether there is any debris of metal projected.


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8.9 Incandescent matter

Observe and record whether any burning or incandescent matter falls to the ground. Measure the relevant distance (see 5.4).

8.10 Visual and audible inspections

The visual inspection shall be done by naked eye and should verify the requirements for this inspection.

The audible inspection shall be done by suitable protected ears at the relevant distance and should verify the requirements for this inspection.

Record any anomalies.

8.11 Mechanical conditioning

8.11.1 Apparatus

⎯ Shock apparatus (7.9)

⎯ Balance 0.01g (7.6.2)

⎯ Timing Device (7.1.2)

8.11.2 Procedure

Place a sheet of paper with an adequate size on the platform of the mechanical shock apparatus (7.9) and place the test samples on the top of the sheet of paper. For test samples supplied in primary packs in order to protect the initial fuse of the test sample, use the appropriate number of complete, unopened packs. Cover the test samples or packs and secure it to the platform around its edges. Start the machine so that the minimum deceleration of each shock is 490 m/s² ± 50 m/s² and the duration of each shock impulse is 2 ms ±0,5 ms. Continue running the machine with a frequency of 1 Hz ±0,1 Hz for 1 h.

At the end of the 1 h period stop the machine and remove the test samples or primary packs. For samples which have been conditioned in primary packs, carefully open the packs, remove the samples and empty any loose material on to the sheet of paper. Separate any pyrotechnic composition from the loose material and weight this pyrotechnic composition with the balance (7.6.2).

Record the mass of the pyrotechnic composition.

If applicable, record whether there was any damaged or loose sealing paper, ignition head or friction head.

8.12 Thermal conditioning

8.12.1 Apparatus

⎯ Temperature chamber (7.7)

8.12.2 Procedure

Store the fireworks for 4 weeks at a temperature of 50,0° C ± 2,0° C in the temperature chamber (7.7) and then for at least two days at room temperature (20° C ± 5,0° C) before testing. For fireworks which were


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supplied in primary packs, condition the fireworks by storing the appropriate number of complete, unopened packs.

8.13 Function test

8.13.1 Apparatus

⎯ Test area

8.13.2 Procedure

Place and ignite test sample in accordance to the labelled instruction.

The visual and audible inspection while functioning shall verify the conformity to:

- the related principle effect

- that all pyrotechnic units function completely

- the article remains it’s initial position whilst functioning

- no explosion or rupture occurs during function (except explosion is the principle effect)

- and the elements of the batteries and combinations are attached securely.

8.13.3 Firing conditions for display shells

The following conditions must be met during the height measurements related to display shells: 8.13.3.1 Diameter of mortar The rising height of display shells depends particularly on the clearance of the shell in the mortar (ratio of the maximum cross section surface of the shell (AShell) to the inner cross section surface of the mortar (AMortar)), also designated as "Q". More exactly, Q is the ratio of the outer diameter of the shell (do,shell, including the fuse to the lift charge) squared over the the inner diameter of the mortar (di,mortar) squared. The outer diameter of the shell has to be measured horizontally at the place of largest diameter including the fuse to the lift charge. The following conditions must be achieved:

for calibre > 100 mm: 0,19,0,

2,

2

−===mortari

shello

mortar

shell

dd

AAQ

for calibre ≤ 100 mm: 0,185,0* −=Q 8.13.3.2 Length of the mortar Another determining factor influencing the rising height is the length of the mortar. Black powder has a maximum burning velocity of about 625 m/s. This produces a fairly slow pressure build-up at the closed end of the mortar. It is desirable that the entire energy of the reaction contributes to the lifting of the shell and that the shell passes inside the mortar for most of the burning time. This makes a certain length of the mortar


17

necessary. Such conditions are met when the inner length of the mortar (lmortar - length from mortar muzzle to mortar ground) satisfies:

mortarimortar dl ,6 ⋅≥ An optimal usage of the contained energy is achieved with:

mortarimortar dl ,8 ⋅≥ Determination of rising height for display shells shall only be performed with a mortar having a length of 6- to 8-times the inner diameter of the mortar. Firing angle The angular misplacement of the mortar must be kept as small as possible in order to avoid erroneous results. The deviation must not exceed 1°. Support of mortar The back-firing momentum of the mortar, due to recoil forces, influences the rising height of shells. Firing from a soft ground consumes a considerable amount of the available energy thus leading to a reduced rising height. Therefore it is necessary to place the mortar on a solid ground (such as concrete). Placement of any kind of deformable material under the mortar is not permissible.


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Annex A Type testing

A.1 General

For the purposes of type testing each of the fireworks category 4 tested, except those used for the determination of net explosive content.

The fireworks category 4 subjected to mechanical conditioning in accordance with A.4 shall, additionally, conform to A.5

A.2 Number of fireworks category 4 to be tested

A total of 9 fireworks category 4 shall be tested, in accordance with Table A.1.


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Table A.1 – Number of Fireworks Cat.4 to be tested

Number of fireworks category 4 to be tested

Condition Tests

3 'As received' - Visual examination

- 8.1

- 8.2, if necessary

- 8.3 functioning tests

- 8.4, functioning tests, if necessary


- 8.6




3 After thermal conditioning in accordance with A.3

- Visual examination



- 8.5, functioning tests, if necessary - 8.7, functioning tests, if necessary



3 After mechanical conditioning in accordance with A.4

- Visual examination


- 8.4, functioning tests, if necessary - 8.5, functioning tests, if necessary





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A.3 Thermal conditioning

Store the fireworks category 4 according to 8.12.2 before testing.

A.4 Mechanical conditioning

Condition the fireworks category 4 according to 8.11.2 before testing.

A.5 Loose pyrotechnic composition

The mass of any loose pyrotechnic composition collected after mechanical conditioning in accordance with A.4 shall not exceed 100 mg.

A.6 Test report

The test report shall include at least the following information, with items being given for each fireworks category 4 tested:

a) reference to this technical information;

b) complete identification of the sample under test;

c) date of completion of the testing;

d) whether the means of ignition (if envisioned/designed) is identified by a protruding fuse;

e) means by which the initial fuse is protected;

f) net explosive contents of the fireworks category 4 that purpose, in grams,

g) whether the mass of any loose pyrotechnic composition collected after mechanical conditioning exceeded 100 mg;

h) whether there were any holes, splits in the body of the firework case (if envisioned/designed);

i) if applicable, whether the type name, category, safety information, name and address of manufacturer or importer

j) If applicable, whether the specified information on the fireworks category 4 was clearly visible, easily legible, indelible, on a single-colour background and whether the type sizes were correct;

k) wind speed at the time of performance testing, in metres per second;


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l) whether the ignition (if envisioned/designed) of the initial fuse was visible;

m) whether the fireworks category 4 produced its principal effects;

n) whether all the pyrotechnic units of the fireworks category 4 have been ejected and functioned;

o) the distance to the ground of burning or incandescent matter fell down;


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Annex B Batch testing

B.1 General

For the purposes of batch testing, acceptance sampling in accordance with B.2 to B.6 shall be applied.

B.2 Sampling plans

Sampling shall be in accordance with ISO 2859-1 using double sampling plans and applying the switching procedures for normal, tightened and reduced inspection. Inspection level S-3 shall apply.

Sample size for small lots (destructive tests) In the case of small lots deviations from the sampling plan can be permitted, however, only regarding the destructive testing. The following Table lists the altered sample sizes which are permissible. Lot size Sample size Remarks

Sample size Lot size Summery according ISO 2859-1 (including

for function test)

there from

samples for

function test

Remarks

1 - 0 No testing at all

2 2 – 15 Code letter A

0 No function test

3 16 - 50

Code letter B

1 One function test rising height according to test result

5 51 – 150

Code letter C

2 Two function tests rising height according to test result

8 151 – 500

Code letter D

3 Three function tests rising height according to test result

13 501 – 1200

Code letter E

8 eight function tests rising height according to test result


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B.3 Unit of product

For fireworks category 4 which are not supplied in primary packs, the unit of product on which the sample size is based shall be the individual fireworks category 4.

For fireworks category 4 which are supplied in primary packs, the unit of product for the purpose of sampling to assess compliance with the requirements for the fireworks category 4 shall be an individual fireworks category 4 and the sample shall comprise the contents of the appropriate number of primary packs. The primary pack shall be the unit of product for the purpose of sampling to assess compliance with the requirements for the primary packs themselves and the appropriate number of primary packs shall be sampled separately and examined for faults.

B.4 Nonconformities

1) Shells

Critical Major Minor

Shells which are not functioning

correctly (“blind stars”)

Drop height of effects < 20 m (if

not part of effect)

Single stars or effects which were

not functioning according to

declared effect

Explosion in mortar (ejection of

effects as mines) or shortly

afterwards

Hot or burning debris falling to the

ground (if not part of effect)

Leaking of composition during

transport and loading

Damage of mortar during

functioning

Missing protective cap

2) Batteries and Combinations


Shells which are not functioning

correctly (“blind stars”)

Drop height of effects < 20 m (if

not part of effect)



declared effect

Explosion in tube (ejection of

effects as mines) or shortly

afterwards

Hot or burning debris falling to the




Interrupted ignition (no all

parts/tubes functioned)


3) Rockets


Misfired article Drop height of effects < 20 m (if

not part of effect)

Single effects which were not

functioning according to declared

effect

Explosion of propelling charge Hot or burning debris falling to the





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Through-ignition of article inside

the launching rack


Bursting in low altitudes (if not part

of effect)

4) Roman Candles


Not all effects ejected Drop height of effects < 20 m (if

not part of effect)



declared effect

Failure of ignition Hot or burning debris falling to the





5) Mines


Misfired article Hot debris falling to the ground Single stars or effects which were


declared effect

Tilting over of article during

function (if applied with support

pedestal)

Burning effects on the ground Leaking of composition during


Casing damaged during

functioning (if applied with support

pedestal)


B.5 Test report

The test report shall be designed according to EN ISO/IEC 17025. The test report shall include at least a reference to this technical information, the complete identification of the sample under test, the date of completion of testing and the relevant observations concerning the applicable batch test requirements for the fireworks type under test given in the table A.1. The test report shall include information about the chosen protection of the initial fuse and whether the primary pack or selection pack is used for labelling, if applicable. For batteries and combinations the participating elements should be listed. Furthermore the following information must be given:

• Effect description

• Lot size

• Sample size

• Labelling of name of sample, name or trade name of article, manufacturing site, address and telephone number of manufacturer or importer, respectively


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• Labelling clearly visible and permanently attached to article

• Leaking composition in package

• Type of ignition

• Protective cap, if applicable

• Loading support (in case of shells)

• Gross mass

• Testing Mortar material in case of shells

• Inner length of testing mortar in case of shells

• Inner diameter of testing mortar in case of shells

• Angle of testing mortar in case of 0,1 ° shells

• Material and condition of thrust bearing of the testing mortar in case of shells

• Loosening of ignition type during handling with article

• Wind speed at the time of functioning test

• Distance(s) of measuring point(s) to firing position

• Height differences between measuring point(s) and firing position

• Angles according to 8.3

• Burning time of ignition, if applicable

• Correct functioning

• Drop height of effects < 20 m (maybe part of effect)

• Determined rising height(s) at the measuring point(s)

B.6 Acceptance or rejection of a batch

B.6.1 Nonconforming units

Acceptance or rejection of the batch shall be determined by the number of nonconforming units of each type, in accordance with B.6.2 to B.6.5.

NOTE Acceptance or rejection of the batch is determined by the number of nonconforming units of each type and not necessarily by the number of nonconformities found.

B.6.2 Critical nonconforming units

For critical nonconforming units an Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL) of 0,65 % shall apply. If the batch fails to meet this criterion, it shall be rejected. Any critical nonconforming units shall not also be counted as major nonconforming units or minor nonconforming units.


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B.6.3 Major nonconforming units

For major nonconforming units an AQL of 6,5 % shall apply. If the batch fails to meet this criterion, it shall be rejected. Any major nonconforming units shall not also be counted as minor nonconforming units.

B.6.4 Minor nonconforming units

For minor nonconforming units an AQL of 15 % shall apply. If the batch fails to meet this criterion, it shall be rejected.

B.6.5 Fireworks cat. 4 supplied in primary packs or selection packs3)

For fireworks cat. 4 which are supplied in primary packs or selection packs3), the acceptance criteria in B.6.2, B.6.3 and B.6.4 shall be applied separately to the actual fireworks cat. 4 and to the primary packs or selection packs3) (see B.3).

3) if a selection pack is required to protect the initial fuse


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Annex C (informative)

Mechanical Conditioning (Shock Apparatus)

Illustrated in the following figures, comprising the following components:

⎯ a flat horizontal platform made of steel, 800 mm x 600 mm, 2 mm to 3 mm thick, with a 3 mm thick rim having a height of 15 mm; the platform is reinforced with eight steel ribs, 5 mm thick with a height of 30 mm, which are welded to the underside and run from the centre to each of the four corners and to the middle of each edge;

⎯ a 20 mm thick plate of fibreboard, firmly attached to the platform by screws;

⎯ a cylindrical steel boss, diameter 125 mm and height 35 mm, located under the centre of the platform;

⎯ a 284 mm long shaft, with diameter of 20 mm, fixed to the centre of the boss;

⎯ a restraining peg, to prevent the platform from rotating; the mass of the platform assembly (items a) to e)) shall be 23 ± 1 kg;

⎯ an annular, elastomeric pressure spring, with a Shore A hardness, when determined in accordance with EN ISO 868, of 68, outside diameter 125 mm, inside diameter 27 mm and height 32 mm, on which the cylindrical boss will rest;

⎯ a shallow steel cylinder, inside diameter 126 mm, wall thickness 5 mm, outside height 30 mm, with a base 8 mm thick which has a 25 mm diameter hole drilled through the centre, to contain the elastomeric spring;

⎯ a supporting steel cylinder, outside diameter 80 mm, inside diameter 60,1 mm and height 92,4 mm, to which the shallow cylinder is screwed;

⎯ a PVC liner, outside diameter 60 mm, inside diameter 20,2 mm and height 92,4 mm, located inside the supporting cylinder and attached by a screw;

⎯ a steel mounting plate, thickness 12 mm with a 25 mm hole drills through the centre, to which the supporting steel cylinder is screwed;

⎯ a steel base plate, thickness 12 mm;

⎯ four supporting pillars, height 260 mm and diameter 32 mm, screwed to the mounting plate and to the base plate;

⎯ a framework to support the based plate so that the complete assembly is at a convenient height;

⎯ an attachment to the shaft, allowing adjustment to the overall length, fitted with a cam wheel, outside diameter 30,0 mm, with a contact surface 8,0 mm wide;

⎯ a cylindrical cam, outside diameter 120 mm, inside diameter 100 mm, wall thickness 10 mm, with a "vertical drop" of 50,0 mm between the high point and the low point;

⎯ a collar, outside diameter 50 mm, height 4,0 mm;


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⎯ an electric motor and suitable gearing, to rotate the cam at a rotational frequency of 1 Hz;

⎯ cellular rubber sheet, 100 mm thick. The material used shall have an apparent density when determined in accordance with ISO 845, of 35 kg/m³ and an indention hardness check, when determined in accordance with EN ISO 2439 of 215 N.

Figure A.1 — Detail of top section of mechanical shock apparatus

Figure A.2 — General assembly of mechanical shock apparatus

Figure A.3 — Detail of shaft attachment and cam assembly of mechanical shock apparatus


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Figure A.4 — new BAM – model of mechanical shock apparatus


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Annex ZA (informative)

Relationship between this Technical Information and the Essential

Requirements of EC Directive EC Directive 2007/23/EC on the placing on the market of pyrotechnic articles

Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this Technical Information and Directive 2007/23/EC on the placing on the market of pyrotechnic articles ESR of Annex I of the Directive Test methods and criteria (1) Each pyrotechnic article must attain the

performance characteristics specified by the manufacturer to the notified body in order to ensure maximum safety and reliability.

Verification of test sample towards technical assembling according to the manufacturer‘s drawing (declaration). Random experimental verification after dismantling, if necessary. Performances tests (type-depending) according to manufacturer’s specifications under realistic conditions.

(2) Each pyrotechnic article must be designed and manufactured in such a way that it can be disposed of safely by a suitable process with minimum effect on the environment.

Articles shall be designed in a way that after ignition all pyrotechnic material is consumed, and no known hazardous materials, or materials of particular environmental concern, are used for the construction of the articles. Verification of technical data (manufacturer's declaration) and random experimental verification with tests towards forbidden substances after dismantling, if necessary.

(3) Each pyrotechnic article must function correctly when used for its intended purpose.

Each pyrotechnic article must be tested under realistic conditions. If this is not possible in a laboratory, the tests must be carried out in the conditions in which the pyrotechnic article is to be used. The following information and properties - where applicable - must be considered or tested:

Performances tests (type-depending) according to manufacturer’s specifications under realistic conditions. Performance testing is carried out with articles in as-delivered condition and pre-conditioned (mechanical and thermal conditioning).

3 (a) Design, construction and characteristic properties, including detailed chemical composition (mass and percentage of substances used) and dimensions;

Verification of dimensions of samples with drawings. Verification of composition (technical data, manufacturer's declaration). Tolerances need to be communicated and/or negotiated with the manufacturer. Random experimental verification of NEC (weighting) and chemical analyses with tests towards forbidden substances and mass fractions after dismantling, if necessary.

3 (b) The physical and chemical stability of the pyrotechnic article in all normal, foreseeable environmental conditions;

Articles are subjected to mechanical and thermal conditioning. Mechanical conditioning: the machine has to ensure a minimum deceleration of 490 m/s² and a duration of the impulse of 60 ms for each shock. The machine has to operate with a frequency of 1 Hz for a duration of 1 h. Thermal conditioning: storage of the articles for 4 weeks at a temperature of 50,0 ± 2,5°C and then for at least two days at room temperature before testing. During these tests the article shall neither ignite nor show signs of damage which increase their potential hazard (especially no significant release of pyrotechnic composition).

3 (c) Sensitivity to normal, foreseeable handling and transportation;

Verification as in 3 (b).

3 (d) Compatibility of all components as regards their chemical stability;

Verification of technical data and tests as in 3 (b).


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ESR of Annex I of the Directive Test methods and criteria 3 (e) Resistance of the pyrotechnic article to

moisture where it is intended to be used in humid or wet conditions and where its safety or reliability may be adversely affected by moisture;

If articles are required by manufacturer to withstand significant moisture impacts, then tests are carried out under specified conditions.

3 (f) Resistance to low and high temperatures, where the pyrotechnic article is intended to be kept or used at such temperatures and its safety or reliability may be adversely affected by cooling or heating of a component or of the pyrotechnic article as a whole;

Resistance to high temperatures is covered by thermal conditioning as in 3 (b). If resistance to low temperature is required by manufacturer, then tests are carried out under specified conditions.

3 (g) Safety features intended to prevent untimely or inadvertent initiation or ignition;

Verification of technical data and manufacturer’s drawing on a document basis. Visual examination of fuse cover or other methods specified by the manufacturer.

3 (h) Suitable instructions and, where necessary, markings in respect of safe handling, storage, use (including safety distances) and disposal in the official language or languages of the recipient Member State;

Verification of instructions of use in the official language(s) of the Member State in which the article is sold to the consumer (on document basis).

3 (i) The ability of the pyrotechnic article, its wrapping or other components to withstand deterioration under normal, foreseeable storage conditions;


3 (j) Specification of all devices and accessories needed and operating instructions for safe functioning of the pyrotechnic article.

Verification as in 3 (h).

During transportation and normal handling, unless specified by the manufacturer's instructions, the pyrotechnic articles should contain the pyrotechnic composition.


(4) Pyrotechnic articles must not contain: (a) commercial blasting agents, except

for black powder or flash composition; (b) military explosives.

Requirements will be verified by examination of technical data and manufacturer’s drawing on a document basis (declaration).

(5) Fireworks A (1) The manufacturer must assign

fireworks to different categories according to Article 3 characterised by net explosive content, safety distances, noise level, or similar. The category must be clearly indicated on the label.

Visual examination of label and technical data sheet on a document basis.


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ESR of Annex I of the Directive Test methods and criteria 5 A (1) a) For category 1 fireworks, the following conditions must be met: (i) the safety distance must be at least 1 m. However, where appropriate the safety distance may be less, (ii) the maximum noise level must not exceed 120 dB (A, imp), or an equivalent noise level as measured by another appropriate method, at the safety distance, (iii) category 1 must not comprise bangers, banger batteries, flash bangers and flash banger batteries, (iv) throwdowns in category 1 must not contain more than 2,5 mg silver fulminate.

Not applicable for fireworks category 4.

5 A (1) b) For category 2 fireworks, the following conditions must be met: (i) the safety distance must be at least 8 m. However, where appropriate the safety distance may be less, (ii) the maximum noise level must not exceed 120 dB (A, imp), or an equivalent noise level as measured by another appropriate method, at the safety distance.


5 A (1) c) For category 3 fireworks, the following conditions must be met: (i) the safety distance must be at least 15 m. However, where appropriate the safety distance may be less, (ii) the maximum noise level must not exceed 120 dB (A, imp), or an equivalent noise level as measured by another appropriate method, at the safety distance.


5 A (2) Fireworks may only be constructed of materials which minimise risk to health, property and the environment from debris.

Verification as in (1) and (2).

5 A (3) The method of ignition must be clearly visible or must be indicated by labelling or instructions.

Visual examination of label and technical data sheet on a document basis

5 A (4) Fireworks must not move in an erratic and unforeseeable manner.

Visual examination during performance tests according to description of manufacturer.

5 A (5) Fireworks of category 1, 2 and 3 must be protected against inadvertent ignition either by a protective cover, by the packaging, or by the construction of the article. Fireworks of category 4 must be protected against inadvertent ignition by methods specified by the manufacturer.

Verification of technical data and manufacturer’s drawing on a document basis. Visual examination of fuse cover or other methods specified by the manufacturer.

Performance related tests may be conducted in conjunction with the manufacturer and with specialised equipment, which in some cases only the manufacturer owns. All handling safety related tests are consequently done by BAM.


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Assignment of Fireworks to category 4

According to Article 3 of Directive 2007/23/EC Fireworks and Theatrical Pyrotechnic Articles have to be assigned to the following respective categories:

• Fireworks Category 1: fireworks which present a very low hazard and negligible noise level and which are intended for use in confined areas, including fireworks which are intended for use inside domestic buildings;

• Fireworks Category 2: fireworks which present a low hazard and low noise level and which are intended for outdoor use in confined areas;

• Fireworks Category 3: fireworks which present a medium hazard, which are intended for outdoor use in large open areas and whose noise level is not harmful to human health.

• Fireworks Category 4: fireworks which present a high hazard, which are intended for use only by persons with specialist knowledge (commonly known as fireworks for professional use) and whose noise level is not harmful to human health.

Articles who's effects exceed the ones from articles of category 3 (according to the European Standard series EN 14035 and the preliminary standards Pyrotechnic articles - Fireworks, Categories 1, 2 and 3-Part 1 - 5) are assigned to Fireworks Category 4.


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Bibliography

EN 1783, Matches — Performance requirements, safety and classification

EN 20187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples (ISO 187:1990)

EN ISO 536, Paper and board — Determination of grammage (ISO 536:1995)

EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005)

Documents

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