Explosive Lens

5/27/2018 Explosive Lens

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UNCLASSIFIEDAD NUMBER

AD383490CLASSIFICATION CHANGES

TO: unclassified

FROM: confidentialLIMITATION CHANGES

TO:Approved for public release, istri utionunlimited

FROM:Distribution authorized to DoD only;Administrative/Operational Use; JUL 1967.Other requests shall be referred to NavalWeapons Center Corona Laboratories, Attn:Code 235, Corona, CA 91720.

AUTHORITY31 Jul 1979, per document marking, DoDD5200.10; NAWCWD ltr, 6 Sep 2006

THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED


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SECURITYMARKINGThe classified or limited status of this repod appliesto each page, unless otkerwise marked.Separate page printouts MUST ke marked accerdingly.

THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OFTHE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE LAWS, TITLE 18 ,U.S.C., SECTIONS 79 AND 794. THE TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OFITS CONTENTS iN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BYLAW.

NOTICE: When government or other drawings, specifications or otherdata are used for any purpose other than in connection with a defi-nitely related government procurement operations the U. S. Governmentthereby incurs no responsibility, nor any obligation whatsoever; andthe fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, or in anyway supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data is notto be regarded by implication or otherwise as in any manner licensingthe holder or any other person or corporation, or conveying any rightsor permission to manufacture, use or sell any patented invention thatmay in any way be related thereto.


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j~ffoctive ir.1y 967, the Nava O d n w 1uratory. Corona,. c. I1-ll ajthe Nrval Weapons Center Corona 1-.bra-

CO NF i DE NT I L IEDo

IWARHEAD STUDIES

FOR TIE PERMiDlOI 6 8 JUNE 9I O0 EXPLOSIVE LENS WARHlEAD JU

o ,~. .,u.IGUERF. L. MENZiATU G3 1 1967

FUZE DEPARTMENT -'LUIiIn addition t siyrequirements which apply to this do:ument ad

must be met, each transmitta~l outside the Department of Defense. mustihave prior approval of the Commanding Officer. Naval Weapons CenterCorona I.aboratoriest (Code 235), Corou~a, California 91720.

NOTICE: This cfoctu contains infkmatio affecting the ntt~idefene of the Urilte States within tle nwnintgof the Espicw~gsLawsTitle IS, U. .C., Stchtons M ard M9, t6e tranmisttsionor melationof which in any me ft an unwtoizedpwroon is prohibitedby law.

SNAVALRDNANCE LABORATORY CORONACOMMA. CALIFORNIA

I ~~ ~ ~ ~ DWGAE ATFDETA3,,,,,,,,-,,E 8 ULY 1967CONFIDENTIAL" RVA DECLASSIFIEIDSAFTElR 12 YKIARS.,aFZe DiEPRN00.10

In~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~t 0diintuiyrqieetihapyt hsd~mn n


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IIIiINAVAL ORDNANCE LABORATORY CORONA

9. B. JAR1MA . CAPT.. USN T S. ATCHMISON. Ph.D.Ca n-adirso Officer Techaical Diroctoa

FOREWORD

"Exploratory atudias on warhheads are currently being concentratedon an airable explosive "fisheye lens" warhead. These studies areatithorized under Project ZFO,19-98-01.C. R. HAMILTON

Head, Electromechanical Division

ABSTRACT

Twenty spherical expiosive lens charges have been fabricated, ofwhich 10 have been sent to Sandia Corporation, where tests will be con-ducted. Flash X-ray photographic equipment will be employed. Tenmore are undergoin.g tests at New Mexico Institute of Mining and Tech-nology to determine their gas profiles and damage-producing capabili-{ ties. Results of a comparison test of a homogeneous spherical chargeand a spherical lens charge are reported. (U)

STechniques for, and problems cor-,erning, fabrication of cylindricalfisheye lens charges are discussed. (0)

I


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I CONFIDENTIAL1. BACKGROUND

The independent exploratory development work on warheads at theNaval Weapons Center Corona Laboratories (NWCCL), formerly theNaval Ordnance Laboratory Corona, is currently concerned with theaimable explosive "fisheye lens" warhead.

in March 1965, R. L. Conger of the Research Department describedthe concept (Ref. 1). He postulated that in somewhat the same mannerthat light can be focused by an optical lens, a warhead could be focusedto aim in virtually any direction by firing a detonator on the opposite sideof the warhead from the desired direction of aim. If a warhead wereconstructed with its explosive compositions in the right arrangement,detonation waves from the firing of the detonator would fire all the ex-plosi'vs in the warhead in such a manner that the detonation fronts wouldconverge and focus at the opposite side of the warhead, thue propellingintense jets of the products of detonation in the desired direction of aim.

Tests conducted by the Research Department verified Dr. Conger'stheory (Ref. 2), and preliminary studies were made on both spherical-lens and cylindrical-lens warhead configurations (Refs. 3 and 4).

In the fall of 1965 independent exploratory development funds wereallocated to the Fuze Department for investigating aimable warheads.Special instrumentation was set up, and progress on testing the param-eters of explosive fisheye lens warheads was reported in the spring offurther firings were delayed until more suitable charges were available.

Arrangements for the fabrication of improved explosive lens chargeswere made with the Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, California(NWC China Lake), formerly the Naval Ordnance Test Station, and withthe Pantex plant of Mason & Hanger-Silas Mason Company, Amarillo,Texas. NWC China Lake was to fabricate ZO cylindrical charges; Pantex,20 spherical charges.

* By the beginning of this reporting period, Pantex had completed ma-chining ten spherical charges with a 6.2 in. o'itside diameter and ten witha 7.8 in. outside diameter. Table I gives the actual dimensions of theloaded spherical sections, the explosive formulations, and the relativevelocities.

CONFIDENTIAL


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II CONFIDENTIALTABLE 1. Diameters and Detonation Ve)ocities

of the Spherical Charge SectionsVc1oc- Diameter of Each Sphere (in.)Sphere% Explosive ity 6.Z in. Charge 7.8 in. Charge(m/s) Inside Outside Inside Outside

Center sphere Cast Baritol 4966 0 3.130 0 3.940PressedFirst shell Britoe 5911 3.134 4.360 3.944 5.480Baritol

Second shell TNT 6844 4.364 5.340 5.484 6.60060% RDX

Third shell 7915 5.344 6.I00 6.60-. 7.800+ 40% TNT

The plans of NWC China Lake to fabricate all the sections of ,hecylindrical fisheye lens charges from PBX with varying percentages ofplastic binder (Ref. 6) had to be abandoned because of the inherent r loc-ity of this explosive. The velocities of the five exploi-ive compositionsneeded for the five sections o; the cylindrical charge should increaseprogressively from the core to the outside cylinder and ahoule lie be-tween 4900 and 8000 m/s. Attempts to lower the detonation velocity ofPBX below 6900 m/s were, however, unsuccessful; therefore it becameevident that the center core and the first cylinder would have to be loadedwith explosives other than PBX. Arrangements were subsequently madewit,1 the Chino plant of Aezojet-General Corporation to fabricate thefirst cylinder from Amatol and loatd fhe center void with Baritol. Table 2shows the proposed explosive formulations, velocities. and dimensionsof the five cylindrical sections for both the 6 in. and the 8 in. charges.

Il. CURRENT WORKSPHERICAL CHARGES

Pantex has sent to Sandia Onrporation five spherical charges with6.Z in. outside diameter and < Cve with 7.8 in. diameter, Sandia Corpora-tion has agreed to obtain *zomj ete pressure-impulse and velocity mc.as-urements at no cost to the Government (Ref. 7).

Five spherical charges of each size were also sent to the New MexicoInstitute of Mining and Technology NMT)o d-2terrnine their damage-producing capabilities as compared with those of homogeneous charges

CONFIDENTIAL


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-l enNmIEfNTIAL

,J 1 a .JL U. ASkXCa . .J A L,l Le . .,AJ6L..1 UJL, L AJL L 96I 3 ". . %& . s aOhave been fired, as well as two spherical homogeneous charges for com-parison. Figure 1 illustrates the "can-gage" arena at NMT and the posi-tioning of the charges in relation to the arena. Figure 2 shows a spher-ical fisheye Itns charge mounted for firing. The sphere was positionedwith the boosceA- and detonator at the bottom, so that upon detonation thefocused products would be directed toward the gages. The charge holderwas designed to eliminate interference with the focused output as muchas possible.

Figure 3 shows the gas profile of a 7.8 in., 16 lb spherical flsheyecharge at detonation, and Figure 4 shows the gas profile of a sphericalhomogeneous charge of the same size aid weight. Comparison of thetwo photographs indicates that some focusing does occur from the wave-shaping effect of a spherical fisheye lens configuration.

In both the can-gage arena tests and the current tests with 1I/Z in.thick steel witness plates, the focused mass products did not, howtver,produce as much damage as had been expected in the light of the damageachieved in some preliminary tests conducted by Dr. Conger in 1965with a thin fisheye lena disk charge (Ref. 2). In those tests, a 3/4 lbthin disk charge 6 in. in diameter, 3/4 in. thick, and made up of fivecoaxial rings of explosive confined between two lucite plates (Figure 5)was fired at a 3/4 in. steel plate 2 ft from the side of the disk. A hole2 in. in diameter was blown through the plate. In the current witness-plate tests, a 16 lb spherical fisheye lens charge was fired at a 3 X 5 in.steel plate, 1/2 in. thick, positioned 30 in. from the lens in the directionof aim. In this case the plate merely buckled slightly.

This anomaly has not been completely analyzed, but it is presentlythought that the lesser energy level of the spherical charge as comparedwith the per.-omance of the thin disk charge could be a function of (1)the differenc's in their geometries, and/or (2) the amount of confinementpresented by the lucite plates of the disk. Dr. Conger is now conductingstudies to determine whether he confinement of the explosives in the thindisk charge affected its outr,pt.

C YLINDRICAL CHARGESNWC Chnua Lake has surmounted initial difficulties encountered in

a casting PBX in cardboerd molds, and is proceeding with the cacting ofthe second, third, and outside shells for both sizes of cylindrical fisheyelens charges.

ICONFIDENTIAL4


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CONFIDENTIAL

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FIGURE 2. Spherical Fisheye Lens in Position for Firing at theCan-Gage Arena

CONFIDENTIAL6


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CONFIDENTIAL

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i INITIATION PO"INT

FISHEYE LENS,M 3/4 I. 06 IN.IkLUCITE PLATES__

"FIGURE 5. Thin Fisheye Lens Disk Fired in Pre-liminary Damage -Capability Tests

Ill. WORK PLANNEDSPHERICAL CHARGES

Within the next few weeks Sandia Corporation plans to fire 10 of thespherical fisheye lens charges. Flash X-ray photographic equipmentwill be used in their tests in an attempt to better understand the explo-sive mechanism of the fisheye charge. There are no immediate plaisto continue firing at NMT.

CYLINDRICAL CHARGESWithin two or three weeks NWG China Lake expects to complete the

PBX castings of the second, third, and fourth cylinders for 12 units;six assemblies will be 6 in. in outside diameter, and six, 8 in. Theseassemblies, in 24 in. lengths, will then be sent to the Chino plant ofAerojet, where the first cylinders will be fabricated of Amatol and thecenter voids will be filled with Baritol. When the loading is completed,the 24 in. lengths will be machined to length-to-diameter ratios of 1,1-1/2, and 2, and samples will be tested to determine the degree offocusing attained for each length. The best configuration will then be

CONF F.NTIAL


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I~U~ MOHD iALfi ed at '- 'T to deemneiscapa 0.11s asafuc

iircmu .daLNL-VLJ. LO xlG.unc-Stion of etwndoff distance. The tentative test arena is diagramed inFigure 6. Side-on and overhead Fastax cameras will cover the tests todetermine gas velocity, the degree of focusing, and the distance trav-ersed by the expanding gases.

IV. REFERENCES

1. NOLC Technical Memorandum 42-60, Explosive Fisheye LensWarhead (C), by R. L. Conger, Research Department, March 1965.(Confidential)

2. NAVWEPS Report 8820, Warhead Explosion Tests: Explosive Effectof Thin Fisbeye Lens (C), by R. L. Conger, F. V. Lowry, and H. R.Kollmeyer, Research Department, NOLC, 15 July 1965. (Confiden-tial)

3. N1LC Technical Memorandum 42-61, Tests of an Explosive Dodeca-hedron Approximation to a Fisheye Lens (C), by R. L. Conger, J. A.Parks, and H. R. Kollmeyer, Research Department, March 1966.(Secret)

4. NOLC Report 649, Preliminary Investigation of Aimable WarheadEffectiveness (U), by R. L. Conger and H. R. Kollmeyer, ResearchDepartment, 1 April 1966. (Secret)

5. NOLC Quarterly Report IED-BI. Warhead Studies: Explosive LensWarhead (U), for the period ending 31 December 1965, by R. L.Higuera, Fuze Department, 1 Marcih 1966. (Confidential) 6. NOLC Quarterly Report IED-B5, Warhead Studies: Explosive LensWarhead (U), for the period ending 31 December 1966, by R. L.Higuera, Fuze Department, 31 January 1967. (Confidential)

7. NOLC Quarterly Report IED-B6, Warhead Studies- Explosive LensWarhead (U), for the period ending 31 March 1967, by R. L. Higueraand F. L. Menz, Fuze Dep'artmenit, 31 May 1967. (Confidentifal)

CONFIDENTIAL10


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1Ij ONFIDENTIAL

CAMERA

100 FT NFISHEYE CYLINDRICAL CHARGELINE INITATION/

CRADLE CAMERA,

O FT.,....MARKER"POST

6 FT 6FTSTAND I,

VFRONT VIEW

LINE INITIATED

.. CYLINDRICAL CHARGE

0-7a'cRA DLESIDE VIEW

10FT .F-.54F'T.5F FT-...5 FT-e4WP.

FIGURE 6. Setup for Testing Cylindrical Charges at Chino ArenaCONFIDENTIAL

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Securty Clasfication UNCLASSIFIEDDOCUMENT CONTROL DATA R D($Seurtiy cia1ailiaiton of 1111.. bodr lobuirne a -1 IMd-i.A -14MP,-., is rss. lld)

Naval Weapons Center Corona Laboratories CONFIDENTIALCorona, California 43 MISPOWIT TITL.E ,...... ,

WARHEAD STUDIES: EXPLOSIVE LENS WARHEAD (U)4 oDECRIPTIVE NOTES (Typ. of pot and inclusivedate . Progress report on an independent exploratorydevelopment project for the quarter ending 30 June 19679 AU THORIS) (First name. middle Initial lost nameRichard L. HigueraFredric L. Menz REPORT DATE I ta. TOTY&L NO. OF PAGES 7b. No40 OF Rr'-28 July 1967 - 13 7Ba CONTRACT OR GRANT NO 1 . ORIGINATOR S REPORT NUMAERMIS

b PROJECT NO ZF009-98-01 lED-37e. Sb. OTHwRn : ;IORT NO(l) (Any other nuOienb that mey be &0Il *this rowd

OR N N In addition to security requirements which wtply to this document an dmust be met, each transmittal outside the t #jpartment of Defeuse musthave prior approval of the Commanding Officer Naval Weapons CenterCorona Laboratories (Code 235). Corona, Cal-fornia 917Z0.

11. SUPPL.EMENTARY NOTES 12. SPONSORING MAL TItY ACTIVITY* Director of Navy Laboratories

Navy Departraent13 AiSTRACT

Twenty spherical explosive lens charges have been fabricated, of which 10 havebeen sent to Sandia Corporation, where tests will be conducted. Flash X-ray photo-graphic equipment will be employed. Ten more are undergoing tests at New MexicoInstitute of Mining and Technology to determine their gas profiles and damage-producing capabilities. Results of a comparison test of a homogeneous sphericalcharge and a spherical lens charge are reported. (U)

Tec~miques for, and problems concerning, fabrication of nylindrical fisheye lenscharges are discussed. (U)

X JFOR (PAGE III1 nDDPoM.,1473 PAGE l) UNCLASSIFIED

SIN 0I01.807.680, Lcutity Clsssification


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FC--O LIN A------ MK 4----- CIROL OPT 'VWarheadantiaircraft missile

selectable -point initiationexplosive chargesaimable

DD N.o.1s473 (BACK) UNCLASSrIEID


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DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVYNAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER WEAPONS DIVISIONI ADMINISTRATION CIRCLE 575 1AVENUE SUITE 1CHINA LAKE, CA 93555-6100 POINT MUGU, CA 93042-5049

INREPLY REFER TO:

5510741000D/0726 Sep 2006

From: Head, Information Security Division (Code 741000D)To: DTIC-OCQ, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060Attn: Larry Downing

Subj: DOCUMENT STATUS CHANGE ACTION1. Request the following change action on the listed document/s:

a. REQUIREMENTS, DESIGN, AND APPLICATION OF A TERMINALY AIMEDROCKET SYSTEM (U)(1) Author/s: Victor L. Black, Allen W. Cook(2) Date of Document: February 1975(3) DTIC AD Number: ADC001187(4) Authority: NAVORDINST 5511.30B(5) Date of change: 13 April 2006(6) Change: Document classification (C), change to (U) - Distribution Statement "B"

b. EXPLOSIVES RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1969 (U)(1) Author/s: Naval Weapons Center China Lake CA(2) Date of Document: December 1969(3) DTIC AD Number: AD0506668(4) Authority: Head Advanced Technology Division(5) Date of change: 13 April 2006(6) Change: Document Classification (C), change to (U) - Distribution Statement "B"

c. WORKSHOP ON RADOMES AND IT DOMES FOR, TACTICAL MISSILES (U)(1) Author/s: C.F. Bersch, R.W. Van Aken, C.F. Markarian, Dr. A.M. Diness, M.A. Kinna(2) Date of Document: 1-4 March 1976(3) DTIC AD Number:ADC006370(4) Authority: Director J-5(5) Date of Change: 13 April 2006(6) Change: Document Classification (C), change to (U) - Distribution Statement "B"


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Subj: DOCUMENT STATUS CHANGE ACTION

h. AIR-TO-AIR WEAPONS EFFECTIVENESS-AIRVAL TASK 1.2B:RADIO-FREQUENCY SIGNATURE MEASUREMENT (U )(1) Author/s: W. T. Yates(2) Date of Document: 2 Dec 1974(3) DTIC AD Number:ADD513479(4) Authority: Associated Marking Instruction5) Date of Change: 28 Aug 06(6) Change: Document Classification (C), change to (U) - Distribution Statement "E"

i. WARHEAD STUDIES: EXPLOSIVES LENS WARHEAD QUARTERLY PROGRESSREPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING 30 JUN 67 (U)

(1) Author/s: Higuera, Richard L. and Menz, Fredic L(2) Date of Document: 28 Jul 1967(3) DTIC AD Number:AD0383490(4) Authority: Approved for public release: NAWC 03-159(5) Date of Change: 17 Nov 2003(6) Change: Distribution Statement A - Public Release

j. HYBRID MECHANICAL-ELECTRONIC SAFTY-ARMING DEVICE AND ITSAPPLICATION TO A BOOSTED MODULAR WEAPON FUZE (U)(1) Author/s: Stephen Redman and Timothy P. Zvada(2) Date of Document: January 1975

(3) DTIC AD Number:ADCOO 1117(4) Authority: Associated Marking Instruction(5) Date of Change: 13 Apr 2006(6) Change: Document Classification (C), change to (U) - Distribution Statement "E "

k. POLYNITROPOLYAZA CAGED EXPLOSIVES PART 6 (U)(1) Author/s: A. T. Nielsen and R. A. Nissan(2) Date of Document: August 1987(3) DTIC AD Number: ADC043207(4) Authority: OPNAVINST 5513.3B (25)(5) Date of Change: 21 Dec 1995(6) Change: Document Classification (C), change to (U) - Distribution Statement "C"


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Subj: DOCUMENT STATUS CHANGE ACTION

1. DUAL-GATE TARGET DETECTING DEVICE: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION (U )(1) Author/s: K. R. Wetzel(2) Date of Document: June 1974(3) DTIC AD Number: AD0530058(4) Authority: Associated Marking Instruction5) Date of Change: 5 Apr 2006(6) Change: Document Classification (C), change to (U) - Distribution Statement "E"(7) Note: Duplicate of DTIC item ADD510037 - Both NWC TM 2440

m. INTEGRAL ROCKET-RAMJET COLD-GAS PORT COVER BLOW-IN FACILITY (U)(1) Author/s: H. M. Platzek and G. J. Wydra(2) Date of Document: December 1973(3) DTIC AD Number: AD0528422(4) Authority: Associated Marking Instruction(5) Date of Change: 22 May 2006(6) Change: Document Classification (C), change to (U) - Distribution Statement "E"

n. CASTABLE HEAT RESISTANT EXPLOSIVES BASED ONTRIAMINOTRINITROBENZENE (U)

(1) Author/s: B. A. Scott(2) Date of Document: September 1973(3) DTIC AD Number: AD0527818(4) Authority: Associated Marking Instruction5) Date of Change: 27 April 2006(6) Change: Document Classification (C), change to (U) - Distribution Statement "E"

2. The point of contact for this action is Mr. Thomas Cooper, Information Security, (760) 939-0986, DSN 437-0986.

LINDA G. HALL

Copy to:741000D752000D

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Explosive Lens