Technical biodiesel

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20 May, 2006 2006 Eastern Biofuel Biodiesel in the Plural

Expedito José de Sá Parente, Jr.

Technical Director

Technical Aspects of Biodiesel Production

Workshop INMETR

Meas!re"ent and Standards #or $io#!els% Ena&lin' a Transition #ro"

Petrole!" as a (ehic!lar Ener') So!rce

Rio de Janeiro, Septe"&er *+th, --




What is

Biodiesel?




It is a renewable fuel, composed by fatty acid

methyl (or ethyl) esters, produced by atransesterification reaction between veetable oil

or animal fats and methanol (or ethanol)!

"efinition




IndustrialProduction

of

Biodiesel




#ources of $aw %aterials




Biodiesel production from any kind of vegetable oil, animal fat or lipidic residues.

Use of metanol or etanol as transesterifying agent.

Biodiesel production in a small, medium e large scale, regarding te regional

motivations.

What is Plural Biodiesel ?


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/technical-biodiesel 7/3420 May, 2006 2006 Eastern Biofuel Biodiesel in the Plural

so!rce% E"&rapa

Productivity of &eetable 'ils

ature ield

(*+ha!year)'il ontent

(-)Productivity

(* seed!+ha!year)

!oya "60 20 2.#00

$%abo forrageiro& 2'0 (0 #00Castor Bean ')0 ') *.000

!unflo+er-ntraarvest ")2 '' *.(00

!unflo+er summer )/2 '' *.#00

Cotton seed (6* */ *./00

apeseed )*( (# *.#)6

1eanutdry region "6( '" *.2"*

1eanut+et region )## '" *.)"*



What is the Technical "ifferenceamon $aw %aterials?

– ield per ectare

– Cost 3 1rice

–

Employability

– %ature of -mpurities

– Composition of 4atty 5cids

%umber of Carbons

%umber of 7ouble Bonds

1resence of Cemical 8roups

ome . . "uplas

Capr9lico 0# 0

C:prico *0 0

;:urico *2 0

Mir9stico *' 0

1alm9tico *6 0

Este:rico *# 0

5ra<u9dico 20 0

=l>ico *# *

;inol>ico *# 2

;inol?nico *# (

icinol>ico *# * @ =A



"ecember /001 2 AP 1/+01 2 Biodiesel specification andauthori3ation of its use!

4ederal 5aws developin production and use of biodiesel!

taes incentives associated +it fomentation of family agriculture.

starting in 2006 addition to diesel oil of all biodiesel available from family

agriculture is mandatory.

addition in diesel oil of 2D of biodiesel in 200# and "D in 20*( is

mandatory.

7emand of #00.000 tons. in 200# e 2."00.000 tons. in 20*(.

Installed apacity6

200" "0.000 tonsFyear

2006 600.000 tonsFyear

Biodiesel in Bra3il



ATA5#T P$7PA$ATI'

#7PA$ATI' '4 P8A#7#

BI'"I7#75P9$I4IATI'

$7'&7$I: '4A5'8'5 7;7##

CU7E 8;CE-%5

"78"$ATI' '4A5'8'5

I"9#T$IA54AI5ITI7#

$AW %AT7$IA5 P$7<T$7AT%7T

T$A#7#T7$I4IATI'

B-=7-E!E;

Bloc* "iaram ofIndustrial Process



What is the "ifference Amon BiodieselProduction Technoloies ?

$e=uired >uality of $aw %aterials

%ass and 7nery Balance

>uantity and >uality of By<Products!

>uantity and >uality of $esidues!'perational Aspects of the Process6

Process ontrol

%aintenance

"ynamic and #tability of the Process4leibility

Investments vs! #cope

:uarantees



omparative 7valuation amonInternational #pecifications

AP 1/+/001 2 A#T% "@C 2 7 C1/C1



/NP +0--+ EN *+*+ /STM D12*

P$'P7$TI7# Type

%7T8'"

9T 5I%IT 5I%IT 5I%ITABT B$ A#T% " 7+I#'

5spect 1 ;-- %E %E

7ensity G 20HC % )*'#, *'06" *2/#,'0"2 kgFm( 5notar I*J %E %E

Kinematical Liscosity G '0C, % *0''* ''"E% -!=

(*0'mm2Fs 5notar I*J (," ",0 *,/ 6,0

Nater, ma. I2J 1 2)0/ D vFv 0,0" "00 mgFkg "00 mgFkg

Ootal Contamination I(J 1 E% *2662 mgFkg 5notar 2' %E

4las 1oint, min. 1 *'"/# /( E%

-!=(6)/C *00 *20 *(0

Ester Content I(J 1 E% *'*0( D +F+ 5notar /6," %E

7istillationP /0D vol. recovered,ma.

% **60 C (60 %E (60

Carbon esidue of *00Ddistillated, ma.

1 '"(0, *#/E% -!=*0()0,

D +F+ 0,* %E 0,0"

5ses, ma. 1 /#'2 #)' -!= (/#) D +F+ 0,02 0,02 0,02

Ootal !ulfur I(J 1 '2/',"'"(

E% -!=*'"/6

D +F+ 5notar *0 mgFkg *" mgFkg

%a @ K, m: 1 E% *'*0#,

E%*'*0/

mgFkg *0 " %E

Ca @ Mg I(J 1 E% *'"(# mgFkg 5notar " %E

1osporus I(J 1 '/"* E% *'*0) mgFkg 5notar *0 *0

PRT/RI/ /NP +,0,--+



EN *+,*+ /STM D.12*

ABT B$ A#T% " 7+I#'

Corrosividade ao cobre, ( a "0C, m:B.

1 *'("/ *(0 E% -!= 2*60 * * (

%Qmero de Cetano I(J % 6*( E% -!= "*6" 5notar "* ') 1onto de entupimento de filtro afrio, m:B. I*J

% *')') 6()* C ) %E

Dndice de acide3, mE?! P C111F @@1 7 C1C01

(1)m G'8+ 0,F 0, 0,F

:licerina livre, mE?! P < @F1 (1) 7 C1C0

(1) 7- massa 0,0/ 0,0/ 0,0/

:licerina total, mE?! P < @F1 (1) 7 C1C0

(1)

- massa 0,HF 0,/ 0,/1

%onolicerdeos (H) ! P < @F1 (1) 7 C1C0

(1)- massa Anotar 0,F 7

"ilicerdeos (H) P < @F1 (1) 7 C1C0

(1)- massa Anotar 0,/ 7

Trilicerdeos (H) P < @F1 (1) 7 C1C0

(1)- massa Anotar 0,/ 7

%etanol ou 7tanol, mE?! P < < 7 C1CC0

(1)- massa 0, 0,/ 7

Dndice de Iodo (H) < < 7 C1CCC (1) Anotar C/0 7 7stabilidade J o?idaKLo aCC0M, mn

< < 7 C1CC/

(1)h @ @ 7

ster met9lico de :cido linol>ico,m:B.

% D massa %E *2 %E

Rster met9lico de :cidopolinsaturado IST '

% D massa %E * %E

Massa espec9fica a *"HC % kgFm( %E #60 /00 %E

es9duo de carbono dos *0Dfinais da destilaUVo, m:B.

1 %E 0,( %E

PRT/RI/ /NP +,0,--+

A$AT7$D#TIA Tipo%NT'"'

9" 5I%IT7 5I%IT7 5I%IT7



7 2 Absent on the specification!

(C) 2 The miture biodiesel+diesel oil must reach the diesel oilspecification (AP HC0)!

(/) 2 The method 7 I#'C/OH can be used to analy3e water,

since the analysis and the reister of the value usin themethod A#T% " /0O be applied too!

(H) 2 Properties to be analy3ed every three months!

(1) 2 The referred methods demand validation for some specieof raw material and for ethyl esters!

2 Property related to the AT9$7 of raw material!

P 2 Property related to =uality of the P$'7##!

otes



Properties related to the

performance of the P$'7##

PRT/RI/ /NP +,0,--+



ABT B$ A#T% " 7+I#'

5specto ;--

Wgua e sedimentos, m:B. I2J 2)0/ D volume 0,0"

ContaminaUVo Ootal I(J E% *2662 mgFkg 5notar

1onto de fulgor, m9n. *'"/# /( E% -!=(6)/ C *00

Oeor de >ster I(J E% *'*0( D massa 5notar

es9duo de carbono dos *00D destilados,m:B.

'"(0, *#/E% -!=*0()0,

D massa 0,*

CinXas sulfatadas, m:B. /#'2 #)' -!= (/#) D massa 0,02

EnBofre total I(J '2/', "'"(E% -!=

*'"/6

D massa 5notar

!Ydio @ 1ot:ssio, m:B E% *'*0#,E% *'*0/

mgFkg *0

C:lcio @ Magn>sio I(J E% *'"(# mgFkg 5notar

4Ysforo I(J '/"* E% *'*0) mgFkg 5notar

Corrosividade ao cobre, ( a "0 C, m:B. *'("/ *(0 E% -!= 2*60 *

Dndice de acide3, mE?! C111F @@1 7 C1C01

(1)

m G'8+ 0,F

:licerina livre, mE?! < @F1 (1) 7 C1C0

(1) 7- massa 0,0/

:licerina total, mE?! < @F1 (1) 7 C1C0

(1)- massa 0,HF

%onolicerdeos (H) ! < @F1 (1) 7 C1C0

(1)- massa Anotar

"ilicerdeos (H) < @F1 (1) 7 C1C0

(1)- massa Anotar

Trilicerdeos (H) < @F1 (1) 7 C1C0

(1)- massa Anotar

%etanol ou 7tanol, mE?! < < 7 C1CC0

(1)- massa 0,

A$AT7$D#TIA% T'"'

9" 5I%IT7

PRT/RI/ /NP +,0,--+



Properties related to the

AT9$7 of raw material



PRT/RI/ /NP +0--+

A$AT7$D#TIA

%NT'"'

9" 5I%IT7

ABT B$ A#T% " 7+I#'

Massa espec9fica a 20HC )*'#, *'06" *2/#, '0"2 kgFm( 5notar I*J

Liscosidade Cinem:tica a '0C, *0''* ''" E% -!= (*0' mm2Fs 5notar I*J

7estilaVoP /0D vol. recuperados, m:. **60 C (60

%Qmero de Cetano I(J 6*( E% -!= "*6" 5notar

1onto de entupimento de filtro a frio, m:. I*J *')') 6()* C )

Dndice de Iodo (H) < < 7 C1CCC (1) Anotar

7stabilidade J oidaKLo a CC0M, mn < < 7 C1CC/ (1) h @



4leibility for a %ulti<4eedstoc* Biodiesel Production

7stablishment of 5imits /notar Q (Rust ote) for the properties that its

analytical %7T8'" or even its 5I%IT is still un<defined due to the

diversified raw material nature!

ontrol that the blend biodiesel+diesel oil (B;) must reach totally the

specification of diesel oil (AP HC0)!

%7T8'"6 Incentive for development of analytical methods for multi<

feedstoc* purpose!

5I%IT6 ecessity of blend of amon biodiesel from different raw material

to reach American and 7uropean specifications!

onclusions



0.#"

0.#6

0.#)

0.##

0.#/

0./

0./*

0./2

0./(

0 *0 20 (0 '0 "0 60 )0 #0 /0 *00

(C)+(/), -

" e n s i t y / 0 o + 1 o I*JCastor I2JCotton

I*J!oya I2JCastor

I*Japeseed I2JCastor

I*J!oya I2Japeseed

;o+er ;imit E% *'2*'

Upper ;imit E% *'2*'

Biodiesel Blends < "ensity




0

2

'

6

#

*0

*2

*'

*6

0 *0 20 (0 '0 "0 60 )0 #0 /0 *00

(C)+(/), -

& i s c o s i t y S

1 0 o , m

m / + s

I*Jcastor I2JCotton

I*J!oya I2JCastor

I*Japeseed I2JCastor

;o+er ;imit E% *'2*'

Upper ;imit E% *'2*'

Biodiesel Blends < &iscosity




Biodiesel Blends 2 Iodine umber

60

)0

#0

/0

*00

**0

*20

*(0

*'0

0 *0 20 (0 '0 "0 60 )0 #0 /0 *00

(C)+(/), -

I o d i n e ( u m b e r I*J!oya I2JCastor

I*JCotton I2J!oya

I*J!oya I2Japeseed

Ma ;imit E% *'2*'

halleners for the biodiesel




halleners for the biodieselproduction and tradin

$aw material providin!

8ih cost of opportunity of veetable oil valori3ed by the chemical

mar*et!

4$<

%A'#

P$'"9T'#

>9D%I'#

P$'"9T'#

A5I%7TDI'#

BI''%B9#TD&7I#

P'T7TIA5%A$G7T6

mH + year

A55'W7"P$I7#6

9#U + ton

V C C0

C0F

V F C0@

V C C0

V @00

@00

C!000

/!000

halleners for the biodiesel




Increase yields on the oil<seeds production!

&alori3ation of by<products, specially lycerin!

A real multi<feedstoc* biodiesel production, reardin all the aspects,

not only the technical ones!

7stablish of =uality standards of different raw materials!

"evelopment of analytical methods for the =uality control of the process

and the products!

An uniform international specification!

halleners for the biodieselproduction and tradin







!r $!siness is $iodiesel




Internal view of industrial<pilot plant in the campus of 4ederal 9niversity of Piau (Bra3il)!

ProXeto patrocinado pela 757T$'B$A# e 7PI#A






7ternal view of the industrial<pilot plant in the campus of 4ederal 9niversity of Piau(Bra3il), showin the storae tan*s and the process buildin!

ProXeto patrocinado pela 757T$'B$A# e 7PI#A





Industrial Biodiesel #ystem 10!000 ton+year 2 lient6 Brasil 7codiesel



20 May, 2006 2006 Eastern Biofuel Biodiesel in the PluralIndustrial Biodiesel #ystem < 10!000 ton+year < lient6 Brasil 7codiesel




Industrial Biodiesel #ystem 10!000 ton+year 2 lient6 Brasil 7codiesel




Industrial Biodiesel #ystem C00!000 ton+year 2 lient6 Brasil 7codiesel



7pedito RosY de #E Parente RZnior Technical "irector

T7BI' 2 Tecnoloias BioenerYticas 5tda!

4a[Phone6I@""J I#"J (2 #) *) /*

I@""J I#"J (2 #) 6) 2#

I@""J I#"J (2 #) *( ))

epeditoZrGtecbio.com.br

www!tecbio!com!br

Than* you very much \

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Technical biodiesel